ASST. PROF. JOHN GALLAGHER

TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN, IRELAND

“INTEGRATING PASSIVE CONTROLS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT PLANNING PROCESS:

RESEARCH AND PRACTICE”

EMAIL: J.GALLAGHER@TCD.IE

WEB: WWW.TCD.IE/CIVILENG/PEOPLE/JGALLAG9/

TWITTER: @ENVDRJOHNG

PROF. MAX ZHANG

CORNELL UNIVERSITY, USA

EMAIL: KZ33@CORNELL.EDU

WEB: WWW.ENGINEERING.CORNELL.EDU/FACULTY-

DIRECTORY/K-MAX-ZHANG

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

A CONTEXT

PARTICULATE POLLUTION IS A

LONG-TERM CHALLENGE AND

WE NEED TO LOOK BEYOND

REDUCING SOURCE EMISSIONS.

IMPROVING AIR QUALITY AND

REDUCE EXPOSURE FOR THE

RECEPTOR BASED ON WHAT

POLLUTION REMAINS.

WHY WE HAVE ORGANISED THIS WEBINAR SERIES?

PASSIVE AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION IS A VERY ACTIVE FIELD OF RESEARCH

INTERNATIONALLY, BUT COMMUNICATION ACROSS COUNTRIES/CONTINENTS

IS SOMEWHAT LIMITED.

THERE IS A NEED TO SHARE FINDINGS ACROSS DISCIPLINES AND RESEARCH

FIELDS, AND ENGAGE WITH DIFFERENT STAKEHOLDER GROUPS TO DELIVER

HEALTHIER URBAN GREEN SPACES.

THIS WEBINAR SERIES AIMS TO PROMOTE THE SHARING OF BEST

PRACTICES AND ENHANCE COLLABORATIONS TO IMPROVE CLEANER AIR IN

THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT.

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

A CONTEXT

INFLUENCE ON AIR FLOW AND POLLUTANT DISPERSION ON

PERSONAL EXPOSURE.

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCING PASSIVE CONTROLS

LOW BOUNDARY

WALLS

PARKED CARSGallagher et al., 2011; 2012; 2013

INTERACTIONS

BETWEEN URBAN

MORPHOLOGY AND

LOCAL METEOROLOGY.

COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC

(CFD) IS A USEFUL ASSESSMENT

TOOL, BUT TIME AND EXPERIENCE

IS REQUIRED.

ISCAPE (IMPROVING THE SMART CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION

IN EUROPE)

IMPLEMENT REAL-WORLD PHYSICAL INTERVENTIONS (PASSIVE

CONTROL SYSTEMS) ACROSS EUROPE.

QUANTIFY THE POTENTIAL OF PCS IN DIFFERENT CLIMATIC

CONDITIONS.

DEVELOP TECHNICAL GUIDANCE FOR PCS IMPLEMENTATION.

CO-DEVELOP POLICY DOCUMENTS TO ENSURE PCS IS PART

OF FUTURE URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES.

Abhijith et al., 2017

www.iSCAPEproject.eu

@iSCAPEproject

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCING PASSIVE CONTROLS

SIMPLIFYING THE COMPLEX...

SOLID BARRIERS HAVE BEEN SHOWN TO IMPROVE LOCAL AIR QUALITY ON THE FOOTPATHS FOR

PEDESTRIANS IN SPECIFIC CONDITIONS.

Gallagher et al., 2011; 2012; 2013; 2015

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE

LIFE CYCLE COSTS OF DIFFERENT MEASURES –

INSTALLATION VS OPERATIONAL COSTS/IMPACTS.

Jeanjean et al., 2017; Gallagher & Lago, 2019

IMPORTANCE OF DETAILING FOR STREET-LEVEL

GEOMETRY IN MODELLING.

IS A ‘BARRIER’ A GOOD THING?

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE

ALTERNATIVE PASSIVE AIR POLLUTION MITIGATIONS MEASURES, THOSE HIDDEN IN PLAIN SIGHT?!

Gallagher et al., 2019 (in preparation)

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

TRANSLATING RESEARCH TO PRACTICE

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

KEY MESSAGES

Kumar, 2019; McNabola, 2019; Venkatram, 2019

Dispersion

Wet/Dry Settlement

Photochemistry

Hygroscopic growth

Coagulation/nucleation

Oxidation/Reduction

Variables

Building and street geometry

Leeward vs windward side

Traffic lanes, direction and layout

Meteorological conditions

Case Study

(Site specific)

Model

(Universal)

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

KEY MESSAGES

Baldauf, 2019; Janhall, 2019; Nowak, 2019

Vegetation characteristics

need to be considered

Dispersion & Deposition

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

KEY MESSAGES

Janssen, 2019; Isakov, 2019; Rodriques, 2019

Measurement vs Modelling

Macro vs Micro

“Still a (long) way to go!”

Traffic emissions are source of concern

Need to consider temporal

and spatial factors

TO ADDRESS THE CHALLENGE OF AIR POLLUTION, WE MUST ALSO CONSIDER THE

CONSEQUENCE(S) OF IMPLEMENTING CHANGE E.G. PASSIVE AIR POLLUTION MEASURES.

PASSIVE MEASURES OF AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION PLAY A ROLE IN

PROTECTING URBAN INHABITANTS AND CAN HAVE ADDITIONAL BENEFITS.

AS A COMMUNITY, PROMOTING A SHARING PHILOSOPHY CAN SPEED UP THE

TRANSLATION OF RESEARCH TO PRACTICE.

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE AND POLICY SUPPORTS ARE NEEDED, AND THE MULTIPLE

BENEFITS OF SOME AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION MEASURES MUST BE QUANTIFIED -

ENVIRONMENTALLY AND ECONOMICALLY.

AIR POLLUTION MITIGATION USING PASSIVE TECHNIQUES IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

KEY MESSAGES