7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 1/10

Home

Valve

Piping Components

Piping layout

Pipe fittings

How To

Checklists

Forum

Nozzle Loads – Part 1

Nozzle Loads

1.0 Introduction to Nozzle Loads

This post specifies the criteria to be adopted while defining the allowable loads acting on the Nozzles of the various

Mechanical equipments, due to the loads imposed by the connected piping system. These loads shall be included in the

Mechanical design of the equipments during procurement.

As a minimum, the Piping Stress Engineer shall ensure that the loads on the Nozzle of the Mechanical Equipments are

within these values. In the event the loads are exceeding the allowable loads values, prior approval from the supplier

shall be taken.

It is advisable that, the Fabrication / Procurement of these equipments shall be carried out after the confirmation of the

loads on the Nozzle by both the party (Purchaser and Supplier).

2.0 Types of Mechanical Equipments

Mechanical Equipments are classified in two types viz. Fabricated Equipments& Proprietary Equipments. Criteria for

defining the allowable loads on the Nozzles of these equipments are given below.

2.1 Fabricated Equipments

Various Mechanical Equipments like Pressure Vessels, Columns, Heat Exchangers (Shell & Tube type and Plate type),

cylindrical storage tanks, etc. are classified under this category.

Allowable Forces & Moments

Moving pressure vesselsnu-starmhl.com

Accurately move pressure vessels. Load move in safety w ith a Pow ertug

► Design Piping ► Nozzle Pressure ► Nozzle For ► Nozzle Head

Sign up to get latest FREE articles to your inbox!

Your email:

Enter email address...

Subscribe Unsubscribe

×

7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 2/10

The allowable loads for the Fabricated Equipmentsshall be in accordance with Appendix-1. These values are applicablefor equipments, withcarbon steel and stainless steel as material of construction.

For equipments made of other material, the supplier shall provide an appropriate set of calculations for approval.

The allowable loads for the Cylindrical Storage Tanks shall be in accordance with Appendix-2.

Statement of Compliance

The Equipment Supplier shall check the stresses in the nozzle/equipment resulting from the allowable loads as specifiedabove, in accordance with WRC bulletin WRC107/ WRC297 /ASME Section VIII Division 2.

The Equipment supplier shall provide a statement of compliance with this specification.

Higher Allowable Loads

This specification gives the maximum allowable loads which the nozzle can withstand without failure. However,depending on the configuration of the connected Piping system or due to the various design conditions analyzed, the

loads imposed on the Nozzle may exceed these allowable values.

In such cases, theactual loads shall be communicated to the Supplier. The Supplier shall check the integrity of the nozzle

/ equipment. If acceptable, the Supplier shall approve these loads and incorporate the same in the equipment design.However, if these loads are not acceptable, the supplier shall submit the calculations /technical explanation supporting

the same.

Any calculations required to be done and any reinforcement required to be provided on the equipment shall be part of

Supplier’s scope of work.

7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 3/10

Fig 1- Allowable nozzle loads

Legends:

FL - Longitudinal shear force

FC - Circumferential shear force

FA - Axial tension or compression force

ML - Longitudinal bending moment

MC - Circumferential bending moment

MT - Torsional moment

F - Resultant Shear Force

M - Resultant Bending Moment

7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 4/10

7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 5/10

Notes:

1. The above loads are applicable for following equipment:

Shell & tube and Plate type heat exchangers

Pressure vessels

Columns

1. Each nozzle shall be capable of withstanding the above forces and moments under the design conditions and are

considered to be acting simultaneously at the intersection of nozzle axis with outer surface of the shell or head

7/19/2014 Nozzle Loads - Part 1 - Piping engineering

http://www.piping-engineering.com/nozzle-loads-part-1.html 6/10

plates, in corroded condition.

2. All forces and moments in the above tables are positive and sign rotation is as per WRC bulletin 107. The most

stringent case caused by axial load FA acting inward or outward shall be considered.

3. For dished ends, the resultant shear force and bending moment are calculated as:

F = SQRT {(FL) 2 + (FC)2}

M = SQRT {(ML) 2 + (MC)2}

1. The loads stated above shall be used as the design basis for nozzles. When loadings in excess of above listed

standard allowable nozzle loadings are required, the supplier will be informed. When the information becomes

available the supplier shall check and incorporate these loads in the equipment design.

Wherever necessary, the nozzle/ vessel shall be reinforced. In case the Supplier finds that the higher loads cannot be

incorporated, he shall submit calculations/technical explanation to justify the same, indicating the maximum load that can

be incorporated.

Notes:

1. Each nozzle shall be capable of withstanding the above forces and moments under the design conditions in the

worst-case combination of direction of forces & moments and internal pressure, and are considered to be acting

simultaneously at the intersection of nozzle axis with outer surface of the shell or roof plates, in corroded

condition. Supplier to provide all the necessary calculation to demonstrate the compliance to above, in

accordance with API 650 Appendix P / BS 2654 or required FE calculation if any standard method can’t be