novel protein sources for dogs & catspfac.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/jolene-hoke... ·...

ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY 1

Pet Food Association of Canada

November 5, 2015

Jolene Hoke, M.S.

Companion Animal Technical Sales Specialist

Novel Protein Sources for Dogs & Cats


Protein provides amino acids; the basic building blocks needed by the body for growth & maintenance.

Protein is used in whole-body metabolism

Enzymes, hormones, immune antibodies, hereditary transmissions

Protein is a source of energy after deamination

Dietary protein needs are species and life-stage specific

Canine protein requirements

Growth & Reproduction require 22% protein DMB

Adult maintenance requires 18% protein DMB

More is not detrimental

Feline protein requirements

Growth & Reproduction require 30% protein DMB

Maintenance requires 26% protein DMB

Why Protein?


Aliphatic

• Glycine

• Alanine

• Valine

• Leucine

• Isoleucine

• Serine

• Threonine

Aromatic

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Tryptophan

Sulfur-Containing

• Cystine

• Cysteine

• Methionine

Acidic

• Aspartic acid

• Asparagine

• Glutamic Acid

• Glutamine

Basic

• Histidine

• Arginine

• Lysine

Imino

• Proline

Amino Acids Found in Protein

Dietary essential (indispensable) AA

4

Alternative Sources of Protein Include:

Canidae Adult Formula Dog Food with Fresh Wild Boar

(US)

Dick Van Patten’s Natural Balance Pet Foods Potato & Kangaroo Formula Dog Food

(US)

Rachael Ray Nutrish Zero Grain Beef with Bison Recipe

Dog Food (US)

Nature's Variety Prairie Venison & Barley Recipe Dog

Food (US)

Source: Mintel GNPD

• Ostrich

• Wild Boar

• Kangaroo

• Venison

• Bison

5

Protein as a Form of Humanization

.

In the US, we have seen the introduction of protein and nutrition bars for dogs

that offer similar benefits as human products including high protein content,

satiety control, and on-the-go convenience.

WellPet Wellness Core protein bar All American Pet Brands NutraBar

6

Expanding Opportunities for Appetite Control and Satiety in the Pet Food Industry

In contrast to high protein products, satiety products used for weight control and slimming are more limited in penetration; these products help the pet to feel full for longer thereby reducing the number of snacks & calories consumed.

Many appetite control products contain fiber as the active ingredient without focusing on high protein content to provide a fullness sensation.

Royal Canin Sterilised

Appetite Control

Royal Canin Veterinary

Diet Satiety Support

Affinity Petcare Advance

appetite control snack

Appetite control products target adult cats due to their tendency to beg for food and overweight dogs due to their need for lower voluntary food intake.

7

Multiple Factors Real & Perceived Drive Growth of Alternative Plant-Based Diets

Recent food safety scandals

Rise in food allergies and intolerance

Gluten-freeLactose-freeDairy-free

Ethics & Environment

Health & Wellness

SuperfruitsSupergreens SupergrainsRaw food…

8

There is Increasing Pressure for Alternative Protein Sources

Source: Mintel Trends

Growth of meat production on this scale will have a significant environmental impact on global CO2 levels, which has led to much debate and request for more suitable, and sustainable, alternative protein sources.

Mintel’s Hungry Planet highlights the pressures of a growing population and increased affluence put on current & future food supplies.By 2050, global meat supplies will need to increase more than 50% if the current protein demand continues.


American Pulse Association –Sustainability Initiatives

The Promise of Pulse Crops• Pulse crops- produce high yields per

acre in areas with limited rainfall.• Production crops require far less water

per pound than other meat and grain protein sources.

• Pulse crops affix nitrogen, therefore reduced fertilizer demand.

• Pulses require half the total energy inputs of other crops, leaving a reduced environmental footprint."American Pulse Association-Pulse Health Initiative." American Pulse Association. APA, July 2011. Web. 24 Aug 2012.

10

Dairy and eggs

LegumesNuts and seeds

Tofu, tempeh and other soy products

Seaweeds and algae Whole grains

Alternative protein sources

11

THE TREND IN HUMAN FOOD: BEYOND WHEAT AND SOY – NEW ALTERNATIVE PROTEIN OPTIONS

Source: Mintel GNPD

Wheat and soy have long been the most popular plant-based proteins, but are now facing tougher competition from other ingredients due to rising interest in new plant protein sources. New emerging plant-based protein ingredients include pea protein, peanut protein, rapeseed protein, and hemp protein.

Prevalence of plant-based protein sources in new global food and drink products that launched in 2014. *

Protein ingredient group % % change in product launches from 2013-14

Wheat protein 55 40

Soybean protein 35 24

Vegetable protein** 15 31

Pea protein 3 41

Maize protein 3 6

Rapeseed Protein 1 90

* Includes vegetable or cereal proteins and their derivatives**Includes vegetable protein hydrolysate, textured vegetable protein, vegetable protein isolate, vegetable protein concentrate, and rehydrated vegetable protein

12

THE TREND IN HUMAN FOOD:MARINE AND INSECT PROTEIN SOURCES

Source: Lightspeed GMI/Mintel

Interest in alternate protein sources, selected countries, August 2014

34% 31% 32%28%

59%

20%16%

30%

8%

36%

23%

35%

0%

26%

0%

27%

0%

21%

Already eaten Not eaten butinterested



Plant Protein Marine protein (eg algae) Insect sourced protein


BSE – 2004

Soy harvest lower than soy demand – 2003/2004

Decreased cattle numbers because of US blizzard – 2014

Avian Influenza – 2015

Protein costs have been impacted by

fluctuating fuel costs and transportation rules

natural gas used for processing

increased use of poly-bags

Protein Volatility


1 - J. Agric. Food Chem. 2011, 59, 12707–12712. 2 - Owusu Apenten 2002. Food Protein Analysis-Quantitative effect on processing. Marcel Dekker Ink, NY. 3 - Solazyme Algaviaproduct. 4 - Declared PDCAAS by Roquette for Nutralys Pea Concentrate. 5 - Trends in Food Science and Tech 32 (2013) 25-42. 6 - ProLupin - Plants ProFood -Jan 2012. 7 - U.S. Dairy Export Council. 8 - Golden Peanut. 9 - Protein Quality of cooked pulses - Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s. 10 - J. Nutr. January 1, 2003 vol. 133 no. 1 220-225. 11 - J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol 58, No22, 2010. 12 – INTSOY. 13 - Plant Foods Hum Nutr (2013) 68:131-136. 14 - Nutr Hosp. 2006; 21(1): 47-51. 15 - Gluten Free Cereal Product and Beverages. ElkekArad and Fabio Dal Bello. AP Elsevier 2008.

1.00 1.00 0.950.90

0.61 0.63

0.520.55

0.61

0.82

0.73

0.64

0.500.53

0.670.71

0.93

0.79

0.690.64

0.430.40

0.25 0.25

0.46

0.62

0.470.50

0.61

0.51

0.62

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

0.11*

* ADM Manual calculation

0.51*

Protein Alternatives – PDCAAS(Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score)


3930 27 25 24 24 23 22 22 21 20 16 15 14 12 11 11 10 10 10 7

9

3 139 15

22 2515

24

12

27 35

6 7 127

20

7 102

3

14

2

46

4

43

5

3045

41

401

760 56

69

62

60

66

40 60

76

7

2

2

4

2

3

8 2

4

11

1

1

12

3

3

3

1

2

6

1

18

47

2

49

1

37

1 2

16

4532

77

1

3

2

5

5

1

1

Protein % Dietary Fiber % Starch % Sugar % Fat %

References: 1 - USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference 2 - 2011 J. Appl. Poult. Res. 20 :95–101 & Czech J food Sci; 29, 2011 No 3: 203-211 3 - FAO-INRA-Cirad. Feedipedia, & Nutiva 4 - FAO and USDA

Protein Alternatives(Dry Matter Basis)


Concentrated Novel Protein Sources

(Dry Matter Basis)

43

7255

61

6236

482

2

0 1740

8

71 2 2

202

3

3

5 4 147

511 12 10

69 9

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Rice ProteinConcentrate

Potato ProteinConcentrate

Pea ProteinConcentrate

Corn GlutenMeal 60%

Poultry Meal SunflowerMeal

Dried Yeast

Protein Fiber Carbohydrate Fat Ash Moisture


Protein Functionality: How and Why

Solubility

Dispersibility

Water-Binding Capacity

Emulsification

Gelation (Gel Strength)

Viscosity

Density

Foaming Properties

Textural

FUNCTIONALITY

Protein hydrolysis

pH adjustment

Heat denaturation

Solvent extraction (aqueous/alcohol)

Jet-cooking/flash cooling

Homogenization

Increased protein content

Thermal extrusion

STRATEGIES


Anti-Nutritionals to Consider

• Phytic acid

• Oligosaccharides

• Saponins

• Lectins

• Trypsin Inhibitors

• Phenolic compounds

• Tannins


0.000.501.001.502.002.503.003.50

Pri

ce p

er p

ou

nd

, $ U

S

Ingredients

Novel Proteins Can Be Affordable


Little Beans, Big Nutrition

Navy

Pinto

Black

Small Red

Great Northern

Pink

Dark Red Kidney

Light Red Kidney


Effects of cooked navy bean powder on apparent total tract

nutrient digestibility and safety in healthy adult dogs.

Forster et al. J. Anim. Sci. 2012, 90:2631.


0 5 10 15 20 25

Edible Navy bean,…

Wheat grain

Wheat Midds

Corn gluten meal 60%

Meat & bone meal

Brewers Rice

Corn grain

Poultry fat

Poultry byproduct meal

Salt-yeast-VTM-KCl

Beet pulp

Flaxseed whole ground

Ingredient in formula, %

Ingr

ed

ien

tDog Food Composition

Control

Test w/ 25%Navy beanpowder



Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of 25% w/w Navy Bean Diet

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

DM, % CP, % AH fat, % OM, %

Control

Navy Bean



Fecal Output Not Increased when 25% Navy Bean Powder Included in Diet

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Ave

rage

g/d

ay

Fecal Output

Control

Navy Bean



Cooked Beans for weight loss in dogs

Nutritional Weight Loss Therapy with Cooked Bean Powders Regulates Serum Lipids and

Biochemical Analytes in Overweight and Obese Dogs

Forster et al., J Obes Wt Loss Ther 2012, 2:8.


Weight loss achieved with calorie restriction

Control

Black Bean

Navy Bean

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2 Week 4 Week

% W

eigh

t Lo

ss f

rom

th

e B

asel

ine

Control Black Bean Navy Bean

Forster et al., J Obes Wt Loss Ther 2012, 2:8.


Easy to Extrude

100% Black Bean Crisps

100% Navy Bean Crisps

100% Red Bean Crisps


Edible beans fit your application

• Extruded Foods

• Treats

• Canned foods

• Baked Treats

• Sheeted Products


Beans are Trendy

Beans

Gluten Free

Non-GMO

USA Origin

Kosher

Eco-Friendly

M.P. Whole Food


• Health promoting compounds

• Arginine

• Monounsaturated oleic and other PUFA, dietary fiber,

• Folate, niacin, Vitamin E, magnesium, copper, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, selenium.

• High in antioxidants

Peanuts Provide Nutritious Protein


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Spray driedwhole egg

Cottage Cheese Canned Tuna Peanut Flour Soy Isolate B Wheat gluten

%

Percentage digestibility of six protein sources as estimate in humans and rats and by enzymatic in vitro digestion

Apparent, human Estimated True, human based on 9 mg N/kg BW

Apparent, rat Estimated true, rat

3-Enzyme Method Modified 3-Enzyme Method

4-Enzyme Method

Bodwell et. al, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 33:677-686, 1980.

Peanut Powder is a Digestible Protein


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Roasted peanutkernels

Roasted peanutswith skins

Blueberries Cinnamon Green tea

Co

nce

ntr

atio

n (

mg

GA

E/g)

Total Phenolics

ORAC value

1 2

3 3 4

1 Talcott et al. (2005)

2 TP is calculated from Talcott et al. (2005) for kernels and from Francisco and Resurrection (2009) for skins

3 USDA (2007)

4 Leibert et al. (1999)

Peanuts are Protein and Antioxidant


- Protein source

- Bulking agent

- Absorbs 12 x its weight in water

- May provide viscosity

- Provides thickening properties to liquid applications.

Chia is a Versatile Ingredient


Dried Yeast Flavor Properties

A blend of brewers and bakers yeast Enhances flavors and reinforces vegetable notes1

A blend of molasses and brewersyeast

Enhances flavors and adds roasted notes1

Dried yeast Salt replacer

1 Naturex Dried Yeast handout

Dried Yeasts


0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Yeast Inclusion Rate

Feed

Co

nve

rsio

n R

ate

0

8

12

15

Barrows et. al. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Montana State University.

Dried Yeast is a Utilizable Source of Protein for Trout


0 10 20 30

Maize

Poultry By-Product Meal

Sugarcane Yeast

Palatant

Mineral-Vitamin…

Sodium Chloride

Dl-Methionine

Antioxidant

Potassium Chloride

Ingredient in formula, %

Ingr

ed

ien

tDog Food Composition for Evaluation of Yeast Sources

15% Integral SugarcaneYeast

15% Aulysed SugarcaneYeast

Control

Martins et al. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2014, 948-957.


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Dry Matter Organic Matter Crude Protein Acid-hydrolysedfat

Neutraldetergent fiber

Gross Energy

%

Nutrient Intake and Coefficient of Total Tract Apparent Digestibility of the Dogs Fed Sources of Yeast at 15% of Diet

Reference Diet 15% Autolysed Sugarcane Yeast 15% Integral Sugarcane Yeast

Martins et al. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr. 2014, 948-957.

Dried Yeast is a Digestible Protein

38

The Analyst’s View

Despite the decline in NPD, there is opportunity and (pet owners’) demand for higher

protein products being launched in both cat and dog sub-categories.

Protein and fiber are key ingredients for appetite control and satiety, suitable for both

active pets in need of an extra energy boost, and also the ones in need of weight

control measures such as filling pre-meal snacks to reduce their food intake.

As with human foods, the satiety claim is mostly linked with weight control and

weight loss, aiming to help reduce the feelings of hunger and, in some cases, habits

such as begging for food.

39

WHAT’S NEXT?FUSION IS KEY

• Products with multiple protein sources are likely to be the future for protein-rich foods, as these blends can help overcome taste or cost issues while providing a balanced amino acid profile.

• Manufacturers should consider the source of protein being used and look to match protein sources with specific consumer goals, as different types of proteins are better suited to certain applications.

• Given the wide range of benefits being linked to protein, alternative protein products should not simply focus on their protein content but use more tailored messages that call out specific benefits provided by the product.

Mintel


Questions?

ADM Corporate4666 Faries PkwyDecatur, IL 62525

Jolene Hoke, M.S.Office: 217-451-4233Cell: 217-779-1685E-mail: [email protected]

ADM Alliance Nutrition1000 N. 30th StreetQuincy, IL 623011-800-775-3295

novel protein sources for dogs & catspfac.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/jolene-hoke... ·...

Documents