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RenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissanceRenaissance

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WealthyWealthyWealthyWealthy Trade improved

Henseatic League

UrbanUrbanUrbanUrban Rise of middle class Decline of serfdom

HumanismHumanismHumanismHumanism

ArtArtArtArt LiteratureLiteratureLiteratureLiterature

Latin or

Vernacular

StaStaStaStableblebleble Plague recovery Plague recovery Plague recovery Plague recovery

end of 100 yrs. end of 100 yrs. end of 100 yrs. end of 100 yrs.

War 1453 1453 1453 1453

1455- Printing Press

1. more books available

2. cheaper books

3. increased literacy

4. ideas spread rapidly

5. use of propaganda

6. wider common identity

7. standardized vernacular

Ecclesiastical

and Educational

concerns

Erasmus- Dutch monk, translated newest Greek

and Latin Bible. Wanted

to make a vernacular

translation of the Bible,

but told no by the

church.

Education is key to

moral and intellectual

improvements and

inner x-ianity

Jan Van Eyck-Flemmish painter,

invented oil paints,

allowed artists to change their paintings

because it did not

harden like tempera Brughel

Used light and humor

Rembrandt Amazing use of color

and light

Images

more

focused on

real life,

some

religious

images

Bosch-

Used religion and

folk legends as

themes

Albrecht Durer-

Paintings, woodcuts,

engravings

Hobelin-

showed personality,

great detail in

clothing

New materials

Precise and realistic

detail

Use of light and

symbols

Artists flee to the north

due to Italian City-

State wars

Sir Thomas More

English scholar,

lawyer, and advisor to

Henry VIII.

Pressed for social and

economic reforms.

Executed by Henry

VIII for refusal to

sign the Act of

Supremacy in 1534

Shakespeare

Masterful command

of the language

Understanding of

human beings

Wrote plays:

comedy, tragedy,

and histories

Wrote poetry

Use of vernacular spread

quickly due to printing

press.

Cervantes Don Quixote

Made fun of those

who did not

embrace

humanism

• Erasmus- wrote Praise of Folly in 1509

Satire that criticized abuses of the Church. Book was banned.

• More wrote Utopia- 1516 Greek for nowhere, no one idle, all educated, justice not execution, a socialistic society with common ownership

and social equality. He blamed society itself for society’s’ problems.

Believed human

nature

fundamentally good