CONTROLSThe Age of Intelligent Systems Has Arrived

…I REALLY LOVE MY JOB !

ASU EE Pathways Seminar

Wednesday, February 3rd 2016

Arizona State University

Armando A. Rodriguez

Professor of Electrical Engineering

Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory (IeSL)

GWC 352, aar@asu.edu

http://aar.faculty.asu.edu

Revolutionary Times

For the first time in history, amazing new computing technologies are becomingaccessible to the masses!

- Intelligent Systems Are Coming….- Intelligent Systems Require Feedback…- This is what controls is about!

Acknowledgements• Sponsors

– White House, NSF, NASA, DARPA, AFOSR, WAESO

– CEINT, Honeywell, Intel, Microsoft, Boeing, Xilinx, SEMY, Mathworks, Tektronix, AT&T

• My Students!

Outline• What Is Controls?

• Where Is Controls Used?

• Courses

• Controls Faculty

• Job Opportunities

• Ongoing Technological Revolution

What is Controls?

What Is Controls?

r e udi do

K P

n

y

Controller Plant

• Design K s.t. closed loop system exhibits

stability and high performance. (Want y = r)

- P : Physical System/Process to be Controlled

- K : System to be Designed

actual outputdesired output

controlerror

sensor noise

disturbances

Example: Vehicle Cruise Control

• P - Vehicle• r - Speed reference command (desired speed)• y - Actual speed• u - Fuel flow to engine• K - Controller

– Want y = r– Actual speed to follow speed commands

Issues• Nonlinear Dynamics

– Ordinary/partial differential equations– Saturating actuators (hard control limits); Rate limits

• Noninvertible Dynamics– Instabilities (unbounded solutions, characteristic roots in open right half plane)– Time delays and other lag effects

• Uncertainty – only nominal models are available– Dynamic

• Actuator and sensor dynamics• High frequency parasitics

– Structural modes (e.g. flexible spacecraft); Time delays (e.g. CVD furnace)

– Parametric: Masses, aerodynamic coefficients, friction coefficients, etc.– Stochastic Disturbances and Sensor Noise

• Amplitude, mean, variance, and spectral content

• Digital Implementation Issues– Sampling and actuation rates– Analog-to-digital and Digital-to-analog - speed, resolution,

quantization/reconstruction error– Measurement noise, time delays (phase lag), and nonlinearities

Research: Need Systematic Control System Design Methodology

• Modeling, Simulation, Analysis

- Determination of Realistic Design Specifications

• Design Control System (via Model-Based Optimization)

- typically on the basis of linearized models

- gain scheduling (“glue” control design together)

• Evaluate design using hi-fidelity simulator

• Design Implementation (Rapid prototyping)

- computer, microprocessor, DSP, FPGAs

• Hardware Evaluation

NOTE: Control system design process is highly iterative!

Control System Design Process

Where is Controls Used?

CLAIM:

Controls Is Everywhere…

…It is InherentlyMultidisciplinary

... it touches all disciplines…

•Acoustic - acoustic cancellation for a concert hall; intelligent hearing devices

•Aerospace - altitude hold system for aircraft; all-weather landing system; control of remotely piloted vehicles; launch vehicles; control of reconfigurable aircraft

•Automation and Manufacturing – coordination of autonomous robots; resource allocation within a semiconductor fabrication facility

•Biological - neuromuscoloskeletal control systems; cardiovascular control systems; disease and epidemic containment

What Needs To Be Controlled?

What Needs To Be Controlled?• Capital Investment - variable risk securities portfolio

risk/return; asset management• Defense - high performance fighters; tactical missiles; ballistic

missile theatre defense; guidance and navigation; combat assault helicopters

• Ecological - global warming and ozone depletion policy• Economics - money supply and interest rate management• Electrical/Chemical - diffusion furnaces; semiconductor

processes; read/write head control for storage• Mechanical - active suspension for mobile laboratory• Materials - control of smart composite (deformable) materials

What Needs To Be Controlled?• Medical - control of telemedical robotic systems (e.g. microscope

positioning and vibration suppression) for precision surgery

• Nuclear - temperature control for nuclear reactor

• Ocean - depth control for underwater exploration vehicle; submarine

• Public Policy - resource allocation for urban planning and homeland security

• Space Based Surveillance - pointing control system for telescopic imaging, weather, surveillance, monitoring system; satellites

• Space Exploration – interplanetary probes, crew exploration vehicle, robotic vehicles (e.g. Mars rovers)

• Structural - active earthquake control for skyscrapers

Pretty Amazing List!

Does the list help you understand what control engineers do?

Courses

Control CoursesUndergraduate Courses

Fundamentals: Circuits 1: EEE202MAT: ODE, Laplace, Linear AlgebraSignals and Systems: EEE 203, 304

(Frequency domain)Classical Feedback Theory: EEE 480 (Basic concepts, simple designs)Computer Controlled Systems: : EEE 481 (Discrete, embedded control)

Graduate EE Courses:Linear (582) & Nonlinear (586) Systems, Transform Theory (550)Robust Multivariable (588), Optimal (587), Neural Nets (511)Filtering of Stochastic Processes (581), Adaptive Control (686)

Other Courses:System Identification, Applied Optimization, Numerical Analysis

MSE Exam: 480-481-581-582-586-587; + selection from 588, 511

Get Your MS…

…it will open many doors!…more $$$…flexibility

…will permit you to work on much cooler problems!!!

• EE Faculty:Lai, Rodriguez, Si, Tsakalis

• Topics:System Modeling, Control Systems Design, Neural Networks, Adaptive and Learning Systems,Fault Detection, Real-Time Control Applications

• Applications:Aerospace (aircraft/missile design/control, optimal path planning) Semiconductor Manufacturing (process control, scheduling) Power Systems (design, generation, distribution, control)Biomedical Applications (prosthetics, neuroscience, design, control)Robotics (design, control, path planning)

Control Systems Faculty

Job Opportunities

Job Opportunities• Aerospace: Boeing, Lockheed Martin, NASA, Orbital Sciences,

Raytheon, United Technologies, etc.

• Automotive: Chrysler, Ford, GM, etc.

• Chemical: Exxon Mobil, Pfizer, Proctor and Gamble, etc.

• Communications: AT&T, Verizon, etc.

• Energy: General Electric, Honeywell, SRP, etc.

• Financial: Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, etc.

• Medical: Medtronics, etc.

• Networks: Cisco, etc.

• Robotics: Boston Dynamics, Caterpillar, Sandia, etc.

• Semiconductors: AMD, Applied Materials, Intel, IBM, TI, etc.

• Software: MathWorks, Microsoft, etc.

• Etc…

...think multidisciplinary…do NOT close doors unnecessarily!

Thank You Very Much!!!

…GO CONTROLS !!!!!

Participate in Ongoing

Technological Revolution!!!

New Technologies are Coming!• New Propulsion Technologies

• Smart Materials and Structures

• Miniature Electromechanical Systems (MEMs), Nanotechnology, Spintronics

• Optical, Biological, and Quantum Computing Machines

• Distributed Computation

• New Sensing and Actuation Technologies

• Regenerative and Personalized Medicine

• System-on-a-Chip Solutions

Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles9-19-13 Solid state batterycould double range

Green Biofuels

Advanced Communications: Cognitive Radio

Massive Storage Density Memory; e.g. Library of Congress on a chip

Content-Rich Mobile Libraries

Early Disease Diagnosis

DNA Sequencing - cost has been dramatically reduced

Immersive Teaching Software

Online Learning for All

Advanced Super ComputersChina Tianhe-2 33.86 petaFlops (10^15)

High Speed Rail

Vaccines for Every Flu Strain

Advanced Prosthetics

Personalized Prescriptions – medicine is become personalized!

Disposal of Toxic/Radioactive Waste

Real-Time Language Translation - currently ~ 5Kwords/day, $0.12/word

Regenerative Medicine -Organ Growth, testing medicines on human cells

Air Traffic Control

Self-Sufficient Buildings

Cell-Targeting Medicine

Advanced Armour

Hypersonic Vehicles; e.g. X-43A (M7, 10, 2004), X-51 (M5, 300 sec, 5-2013)…heat driven design

Advanced Robotic Systems

Smart Energy Grid

Efficient Cost Effective Solar Cells10-9-13 44.7% efficiency

Nanotechnology; e.g. carbon nanotubes

2012 (Nature) – IBM spintronics memory breakthrough

10-11-2013 – “Iron Man” Tactical Assault Light Operator Suit (Talos) - US Army, MIT, nanotechnology, msec liquid armour, on board computer, enhanced situational awareness, night vision, enhanced strength, walk through stream of bullets, life support, etc.

USAF Flapping Wing MAVs: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5YkQ9w3PJ4Prosthetic Arm: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_qUPnnROxvY

29

SOME VIDEOSRenewable Energyhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/science-channel/34234-ecopolis-biofuel-video.htm (Algae, goto 1:20)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cysaOnlv_E (20% Renewable Energy by 2020)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-XSr5BhAXSw (ASU Biodesign Institute)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oy8dzOB-Ykg (Hydrogen fuel cells for cars)

Boston Dynamics’ BIG DOGhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W1czBcnX1Ww

NASA X-43A Scramjet-Powered Hypersonic Vehicle – Mach 7, 10 (2004)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiBsD-cafH8

Boeing 787 Dreamlinerhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-10635444

Carbon Nanotubeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQAK4xxPGfMhttp://vega.org.uk/video/programme/71http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ikYhyjPjKBs

Regenerative Organs/Medicine http://interactmd.com/content/organ-regeneration-talk-video (goto 11 min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M7eM3zOffI4

Personalized Medicinehttp://www.technologyreview.com/video/?vid=524

Supercomputershttp://www.datacenterknowledge.com/most-popular-supercomputing-videos/ (goto 55sec)

Electronic Deviceshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xPIbGq634yU (Spintronics)

Intellectual Propertyhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Yp_Xj6YshM

Thank You Very Much!!!

…GO CONTROLS !!!!!