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4 NIMA Technology Maps Kosovo's Future

I Special Warnings Help Smooth Troubled Waters

l0 Ancient Jewish Cemetery Located

12 TAPPING into NIMA's Future

15 NIMA Helps DEA Monitor Drug Trafficking

l6 Protecting NIMA's Corporate lnformation

l8 Urban Warrior Support

20 Cartographer May Have Struck Gold

22 Meeting Y2K Head On

24 Sailor Adrift: NIMA to the Rescue!

26 Secret Service Uses NIMA Tools to Protect Dignitaries

Published by t{ational lmagery and Mapping AgencyDirector. Lt. Gen. lames C, Kins0ffice of Consressirinal and Public LiaisonDirector . Lalra B. SnowDeputy Director. Terence S. lleehanChief, Public Liaison . Eric BerrymanEditor: lohn llerAssistarit Editon lluridith WinderStaff Writers: Don Kusturin, lennifer LafleyDesigner: Richard Hardwick '

The Edge is an authorired command information publication published monthly in theinteresi of National lmagery and MappingAgency personnel. Contents ofthis publication

are not necessarily the oifficial view,bi endolsed by the U.S' Government, Department ofDefense or the l{itional Imagery and Mapping Agency. Copy deadlines are the socond

Friday of each month. Article-s.aie edited i6r style-, coirtent, 'and

length.Corresoondence should be addressed to:il;i[g;rilttilili;il0fti*, ie-00 s;.gamore Road, I'lail stop D-39, Bethesda, MD

208r6-5003Telephone: (30 l)227-3 I 05, DSI{ ?87-3105. or in St. touis: (3 I 4) 263-4141 ov

DSN'693-4142, or e-mail to The Edge.

Anne Rutherford, Paul Mich and Dietra lngram, staff

officers on the Agency's Tasking, Processing,

Exp lo itati on and D issem i natio n (TP ED) Assessment

Process (TAP) Team, review data used to improveprocesses and systems. This ensures accurate and

relevant information to NIMA customers,

Story on page 12

his month's Edge featuressome of the ways NIMAprofessionals assist our country

in achieving its national objectives.To prepare for Pope John Paul II's

visit to St. Louis in January, the SecretService called on NIMA's customersupport team for information andproducts to assist agents in theirsecurity mission. Included in oursupport was a standard packagecontaining a Compact Disk PhotoMapwith annotated imagery, wall plots,gridded reference graphics and asecurity planning package. This was a joint effort between NIMA'sGeospatial Information and Services and Imagery Analysis offices. Asan information provider, NIMA helped ensure the Pope's and thePresident's safety and security (see story, page 26),

Further from home, your efforts helped influence events in a hot-spot on the world stage-Kosovo (see story, page 4), The NIMA teamprovided critical tools for relief workers and NATO peacemakers.They did it by answering a call from the U,S. Agency for Interna-tional Development for a "humanitarian response planning map" ofKosovo. This type of customer-tailored geospatial information isessential when a crisis erupts, time is short, and lives are in jeopardy.

These are only two examples of how we use our imagery andgeospatial information skills as a positive force in the world. Al-though the American pubiic may not always know about your quietefforts, our national leaders do.

Our vision of "Guaranteeing the Information Edge" comes to life inthe day-to-day accomplishments of NIMA people. The information,products and services you provide give the common reference frame-work for planning, decisions and actions by our customers.

You are making it happen right-keep up the great work!

lames C. KingLieutenant General. USA

r:

By Paul Hurlburt

t began last lune, when theU.S. Agency for Interna-tional Development (U.S.

AID) requested from NIMA'sState Department CustomerSupport Team (CST) a "hu-manitarian response planningmap" of the Serbian provinceof Kosovo, which was eruptingin violence and experiencingan exodus of ethnic Albanians.

"What U,S. AID was seeking,from a government or privatesource, was an unclassified,poster-sized map that couldserve as a common base mapfor various internationalparties involved in the reliefeffort," said Charlie Russ,chief of the NIMA team. "Italso required a geographicnames index to accompany themap."

But was producing such aproduct within NIMA's exper-tise?

According to cartographerBret Duncan, who led GI'sresponse to the request, stan-dard NIMA products empha-sizing contout, position andelevation would not suffice,"The problem was identifyingplaces the refugees knew byAlbanian names, and the Serbs

4 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

often referred to by differentSerbian names. " Existingmaps, he added, providednames in one language, butnot both.

Duncan's team respondedwith a proposal for a map thatidentified locations using theofficial Serbocroatian lan-guage, but with an index thatprovided the name in bothlanguages, plus any variations.

The first edition of theKosovo Planning Map rolledoff NIMA's Remote Replica-tion System, in Bethesda, two

months after the original re-quest. Duncan personallydelivered the initial copies toU.S. AID's Foreign DisasterAssistance office.

Meanwhile, the map's wealthof newly researched placenames was placed on theInternet at NIMA's GEOnetNames Servet, with positionalreferences and a table for trans-lation into the Cyrillic alphabet.

"We produced the map withexisting resources," said CSTproduction manager BarryBarwatt, "but without ourgeographic names people, wewould never have achievedsuch a quick turnaround." TheRemote Replication System isoperated by the InformationServices and Training Office(IS), allowed copies to be repro-duced expeditiously in theappropriate quantities. IS alsoprinted copies of the mapindex.

A group of less than 20 NIMAcartographers, regional analysts andcustomer support liaisons is providingcritical tools to relief workers andpeacemakers and positively impactingevents and war-torn peoples a halfworld away.

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"The problem was identifying placesrefugees knew by Alb$nian names, andthe Siiibs'ajten referced,ta. by Serbiann$mel Existing maps provided. ncmes inone lunguage, but not bath;"

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Yelma Brown meets with NIMA's State Department Customer Support Team. From I-r (seated): Alan Huguley, plans officer; Charlie Russ,

chie.f : Brotrn. and Barry Barwatt, production manager. Standing arc (l-t): GIMSE members Erno Horvath, Fawaz Alami, Keith McNaul,Douglas )loore and Fred Rohrer. Not shown is Stephan Brady.

"It's been an excitingproject," said Velma Brown (GIInformation Management'sGeographic Names and Bound-aries Branch (GIMSE)). Usingunique resources, such as thoseobiained through agreementsrn'ith foreign governments, sheled a team of three coworkersin researching names for themap,

"Trr-ing to tie all the variantnames to the official waspainstaking," Brown said. Italso required extensive experi-ence in both languages and theabilitr- to research featurelocations-using current andhistoric sources-across manyscales,

"The refugees \ /ere streamingthrough mountain passes,"Brorr-n said, "\\Ie made aspecial effort to capture thesefeatures in our database andpror-ide as manv Albanianvariant names as possible."

Researching names for thisregion \\'as even more complex,she added, because Albanian-language names are speileddifferentl,v, depending on

whether one is going there or isalready there. The Serbs notonly use different names, shesaid, but a different alphabet-Cyrillic, rather than Roman,the alphabet used by ethnicAlbanians.

The analysts also updateddistrict boundaries for themap, since U.S. AID interactswith district officials andtracks aid deliveries by district.

"We determined the informa-tion on the available Serbiangraphics was dated before1990," Brown said. "So weturned to more recent lists ofvlllages by district publishedin the official register of Serbia.Plotting village location al-lowed the alignment of thenew boundaries."

Todd Cummings and BrianCarson, two NIMA cartogra-phers assigned to the GI DataGeneration Division's Technol-ogy Office, created the finishedmap with NIMA's existing dataholdings, downloaded from CDor the Secret Internet ProtocolRouting Network (SIPRNeI),

The data sources includedVector Smart Map, DigitalTerrain Elevation Data, Com-pressed ARC Digitized RasterGraphics and others.

"Creating a map withoutfollowing the usual specifica-tions was challenging andrewarding," Cummings said."We merged existing data,using a commercial softwarepackage lArcView], and didminimal extraction Idigitiza-tion of points] for areas wheredata was lacking." A newsoftware package was used fornames placement.

"The key to the success,"Cummings said, "was ourinteraction with the customer."

NIMA's Customer SupportTeam (CST) brought U.S. AIDrepresentatives and NIMAproduction people together onalmost a weekly basis.

The digital files used to printhard copies on NIMA's RemoteReplication System weretransmitted to the NIMA Gate-way for posting to the SIPRNeI.The graphic also can be ac-cessed on Intelink and NIMA'sOpen Source Information

continued an next pIgc

THE EDGE MARCH 1999 5

System (OSIS). Geographicnames and locations accom-pany the graphic in a table.The map and names data alsowere provided to some userson CD.

Making data available insoftcopy, whether on CD or theInternet, allows users to buildtailored products and performanalyses through data manipu-Iation, Cummings said.

"The State CST facilitated theevolution of the Kosovo Plan-ning Map through severalstages, as the project evolvedfrom a humanitarian relieffocus to a more recent StateDepartment requirement tosupport the Kosovo Verifica-tion Mission," Russ said. TheOrganization for Cooperationand Security in Europe (OSCE),with representatives deployedto verify troop withdrawalsand peaceful conditions, alsorelies on the map.

"We're pleased to see howmany traditional and nontradi-tional customers are using themap since the original re-quest," Russ said.

Besides U.S. AID and theState Department, copies went

6 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

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to the CIA, Defense IntelligenceAgency, National Reconnais-sance Office, National SecurityAgency, Office of the Secretaryof Defense, loint Chiefs of Staff,National Security Council, U.S.European Command, U.S.Special Operations Commandand others. The OSCE Verifica-tion Mission and United Na-tions-along with variousinternational relief organiza-tions-received copies throughU.S. AID.

Upon returning from theU.N., NIMA cartographer NateSmith said, "[The mapl hasreceived much praise in thefield and has achieved our goalof becoming 'the' map forhumanitarian planning. I getrequests for it almost every-day."

A second edition with severalenhancements was distributedin December. Now at a slightlylarger scale, the map showsmore villages for operationaluse. The revised index nowprovides cross-references andpositional information forsome 10,000 names.

Production efforts are nearingcompletion for a third edition,requested by the State Depart-ment. On even a larger scale,Russ said, it wiil emphasize

Project lead Bret Duncan(Ct| 11"7t and ToddCummings fright), one ofthe two cartographers whocreated the Kosovoplanning map, join remotere p} ic ati o n syste m op erator s(l-r): Donald Menyman,Buddy Dollison and lamesYates.

softcopy applications forgeographic information sys-tems deployed in Kosovo andelsewhere. Among the en-hancements, there will be moreroads and internal administra-tive boundaries for use in-country by verification teams.

Plans are also underway forNIMA's recently assignedtechnical representative to theState Department, SteveBricker, to provide tailored GIStraining to field personnel.

The goal, Russ said, is tobetter enable verification teamsand humanitarian relief work-ers to record, correlate andshare information, such as theIocations of mine fields, dis-placed persons and damagedhomes.

"You get a feel for what thecustomer wants," Cummingssaid, "and we showed themhow we could add value withdifferent products. You canhave all the technical expertisein the world, but it still comesdown to Iistening to the cus-tomer."

The Kosovo Planning Map can be viewedon the NIMA Intranet at http://osis.nima.mi I : B 0 / gni / HTML/KO S OV O.HTM.

Es{h€oa

NIMA E^ployees ^Receive Killiqn Aword

our NIMA employeeswere among the recipi-ents of the Killian

Award from the President'sForeign Inteliigence AdvisoryBoard (PFIAB),

Phil O'Grady, DennisShumate, Tom Maddox andLew Bellas, all with ImageryAnalysis' Korea Branch, wererecipients.

The annual award recognizesoutstanding performances byU,S. intelligence professionalsin areas critical to nationalsecurity.

The award was presented byformer Sen. Warren Rudman,chairman of the PFIAB, at aceremony in ]anuary attendedby the Director of CentralIntelligence, Vice Chairman ofthe Joint Chiefs of Staff, andthe President's National Secu-rity Adviser.

Attending the ceremony are, from Left: Former Senator Warren Rudman, chairmun,PFIAB; NIMA Director Lt. Gen. lames King; Don Mathis, DIA; Melissa Smislova, DIA; TomMaddox, NIMA; Phil O'Grady, NIMA; Richard Kline, DIA; PauI Lago, DIA; Gene Taylor,Los Alamos National Laboratory; Roger Jones, DIA; Dennis Shumate, NIMA; Dan O'Brien,DIA; Army Lt. Col. Kenneth Thompson, DIA; George Tenet, DCI; Army Maj. Terry Delong,DIA; Anthony Harrington, deputy chairman, PFIAB; DIA Director Army Lt. Gen. patrickM. Hughes and Lew Bella, NIMA.

Road Show Coming to Your Site in April

.,,:tr#':::i,i'.Ti,,n'} heNIMAResearchDivision (ISL) is sponsoring aroad showI to celebrate National Library Week, April 1.1.-12. This will

be a-one-day event at each NIMA Research Center during thatweek. Research centers are located in Bethesda, Re-ston,St. Louis and the Washington Navy Yard.

"The road show will illustrate how the Research Centers provideimagery, imagery-derived products, finished intelligence and carto-graphic materials to NIMA, DoD and the rest of the IntelligenceCommunity to 'guarantee the information edge,"' explained DaveKraus, chief of ISL. "As a former user of legacy library services, I can'turge strongly enough that current users, especially imagery analystsand cartographers, get an exhaustive listing of all relevant libraryholdings before beginning their projects."

The road show will highlight the wide range of products andservices available through the ISL. Use of the World Wide Web, ISLreference tools and all-source research techniques also will bedemonstrated, including ISL's latest accession, the Voyager onlinelibrary catalog. Voyager allows access of unclassified materials on theOpen-Source Information System (OSIS) network and classifiedinformation on the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications

continued on page 14

THEEDGE MARCH1999 7

NIMA's Special Warnings HelpSmooth Troubled Waters

hangingnavigationconditions

aren't the only threatto safety of life atsea-changingpolitical conditions

by Howard CohenMari ne Navi gatio n D e p artm ent

On February L7, NIMA's Marine NavigationDepartment (GIMM) alerted mariners to a poten-tial threat to shipping by transmitting SpecialWarning Number fOg. The warning resultedshortly after the outbreak of fighting betweenEthiopia and Eritrea and alerted mariners to thethreat of hostility in the ports of Assab andMassawa, in Eritrea, and elsewhere along thecoast.

According to the Office of Naval Intelligence,merchant cargo vessels have been fired uponand cargo destined for Ethiopia has been seizedor destroyed.

Peter Doherty, team chief of GIMM's MaritimeSafety Information Branch, is responsibie foroverseeing the WWNWS. "The independence ofEritrea from Ethiopia in rggg left EthiopiaIandlocked. Eritrea occupies a strategic positionalong one of the world's busiest shipping lanesto the Middle East oil fields."

NIMA has the only dependable means ofreaching all U.S. flagged ships, military andcivilian, with this type of immediate threatinformation.

"We consulted with the Department of State,the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) and theU.S. Maritime Administration (MARAD) todetermine the scope of the warning," saidDoherty. Once a threat was found to exist,NIMA transmitted the special alert to U.S.shipping, government agencies and militarycommands worldwide. "Terrestrial, radio andsatellite communication systems are all used forthese transmissions." Ships transiting areas

affected by the warnings, and not aware of it,could be in danger.

Ships at sea are not the only ones to receivethe special warning. The message goes to theWhite House National Security Council and theWhite House Situation Room. Top government

also can threatenshipping.NIMA's role in the

WorId-WideNavigationalWarning Service(WWNWS) makes adifference whenglobal politicalunrest and militarythreats can posehazards to U.S. shipsand their crews.

8 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

officials, including the Secretary of Defense,

Secretary of State and the Joint Chiefs of Staff,also are notified.

"Authority for the Special Warnings programis derived fiom a 1976 Memorandum of Under-standing between the Departments of State,

Defense and Commerce and the Central Intelli-gence Agency," said Scott Heckman of the StateDepartment's Maritime Affairs Office. "Whensomeone identifies an ongoing threat to thesafety of U.S. matinets, the State Departmentproposes a new warning to be added to the list."There currently are 1B special warnings stillactive.

Special Warning Number 1, announcing theprogram, was issued in May 27 , 'J.} B.In thefirst two days of the program's existence, sixspecial warnings were issued.

Another famous special warning focused onthe Cuban Missile Crisis. Special Warning 29,

stated: "The president of the United Statesproclaimed an embargo effective Feb. 7,1962 onall imports into United States of goods fromCuba...." The embargo and the special warningare still in effect today. The latter was updatedin 1982 and validated again in 1994.

On May 1.2,1.975, the U.S. merchant shipMayaguez was seized in Cambodian waters.

NIMA Customer Help Desk

Not f ust for Customers

Did you know that the NiMACustomer Help Desk is for NIMAemployees, too? Whenyouhave aquestion you can't answer, or don't knowwho to call, contact NIMA's Customer HelpDesk for general information.

The phone numbers are 1-800-455-0899,(31.4) 260-5032, and DSN 490-5032. The Gen-eral Information Help Desk is also availableon e-mail at chdesk@nima.mil.

You can expect to find NIMA employeeswho are dedicated to providing efficient andaccurate assistance.

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This initiated Special Warning 45, whichalerted mariners of recent hostile attacks thatinvolved the firing on, stopping and detentionof ships within waters claimed by Cambodia,and advised them to keep at least 35 miles offthe coast.

Today, whether it's a U.S. Navy warshipapproaching a politically volatile theater ofoperations, or a merchant mariner approachinga shifting shoal-both rely on NIMA's MarineNavigation Department for timely and accurateradio safety messages.

The University of Utrecht's (Netherlands) Car-tography Department named NIMA's GEOnetNames Server (GNS)as its InternetWeb Site of theMonth for f anuary. Kudos to all the Source Analy-sis Information and Services Department (GIMS)

folks who keep this site up-to-date, topical, andalways interesting. The GNS is accessed by tp-wards of half a million visitors per year.

The GNS website can be accessed at http://www. nima,mil/gns/html/index.htmI.

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THE EDGE MARCH 1999 9

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by Sharon Alexander

J dentifying the originalI boundaries of a Jewish

I ce-etery in Kalisz. Poland,helped three NIMA employeesearn an award from the UnitedStates Commission for thePreservation of America'sHeritage Abroad.

imagery analyst GeorgeMorgan located the boundariesof the cemetery, which datesback to the 13ft century.

According to Michael Lewin,chairman of the commission,the cemetery holds "remainswhich are highly venerated bythe world Chasidic commu-nity, including many Holo-caust survivors who are Ameri-can citizens." The cemetery isalso believed to include thecenturies-old gravesite of '1.7h

century Jewish rabbi AbrahamAbele Gombiner and renownedscholars such as MagenAvraham.

The 7OO-year-old cemeteryremained in use through 1.940,

when the Germans seized andrazed it during World War II.In the war's aftermath, Lewinsaid, the cemetery was notreturned to the ]ews, but "heldor sold by subsequent Polishgovernmental entities. "

The commission representsU, S. interests in preservingand protecting cultural sitesand advises the State Depart-ment on preservation mattersin Eastern European and the

IO THE EDGE MARCH ,i999

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Lee Howard and Tetance Moore.

former Soviet Union. Thecommission wanted to pin-point the burial site's originalboundaries, the Iast impedi-ment to determining an appro-priate future use of the prop-erty. The commission soughtNIMA's assistance in thiseffort.

Morgan, who had spear-headed three similar requestsfor cemeteries in East Germanyand the Ukraine, was theproject lead. He was assistedby Terrance Moore, anotherimagery analyst, and imagescientist Lee Howard. Accord-ing to Morgan, the commissionprovided only a 1931 map andwritten description of thevicinity that included a soccerfie1d.

"I located the soccer field onthe map and picked up a riverpattern," Morgan said. He thenused these signatures to iden-tify the cemetery's area on1956 aircraft imagery andunclassified 1969 satelliteimagery.

By comparing the imagery,Morgan determined that exceptfor some vegetation changes,sidewalks, paths and trails, theproperty was virtually un-changed and that the burialground probably covered thesouthern half of the property.

Morgan explained that theshape of the property wasunchanged from 1931, but thatthe 1956 image showed a well-

worn circle on the southernedge of the property.

"A street crossing the prop-erty on the 1956 image wasunmoved and apparentlymarked the northern edge of theburiai ground, as indicated onthe 1931 map," Morgan said.He further explained that asoccer field had been built ontop of the cemetery and that thenortheast corner of one build-ing corresponded to the centerof the worn circle noted on the1956 imagery.

To ensure accuracy andconfirrn his analysis,Morgan wanted tocorrelate the imag-ery and create a

simple line drawing.That's where Mooreand Howard camein. The threedecided todigitize theimagery andidentify refer-ence points, suchas roads andbuildings.

"We scanned theimagery and down-loaded it to the

Intergraph computer to createdigital files and line draw-ings," Moore said.

"This enabled us to warpand stretch the imagery,electronically tying togetherthe reference points andcreating a common scale,"Howard said.

Moore, a former cartogra-pher, created a line drawing of

the area and added kev featu_resfrom the imagery, The resutrtsconfirmed Morgal's earlieranalysis.

After the project was com-p1ete, Morgan learned that theworn circle probably noted thegravesite of a Jewish scholarthat was visited by thousandsof Jewish pilgrims over thecenturies before World War tr.

The imagery and the linedrawing from NIMA confirmedthe boundaries and providedthe final evidence that thecommission would need toreclaim the ancient burialground.

In his letter of appreciation toNIMA's Director, Lewin wrote."The professionalism of yourstaff is incredibly impressive,"and mentioned Morgan,Howard and Moore bv name.

Polish embassy Deputy Chief Piotr Ogerodzin (left) presentsGeorge Morgan with a tourist map of Poland.

Kalisz, Poland

THE EDGE MARCH 1999 I I

TAPPING into NIMA's Futureby Dusty RhoadesPlans, Programs and Analysis

ith world events srzzltng, the country's civilian andmilitary Ieaders demand accurate, up-to-the-minute imagery

and geospatial data. But what if NIMA collects the right kind of data,

but can't get it to its customers in a timely manner?

Robert Cardillo, director of the Agency'sTasking, Processing, Exploitation and Dissemi-nation (TPED) Assessment Process [TAP) Office,doesn't like to think about that possibility, buthe does. It's his job.

"Our challenge is to improve the processes

and systems to ensure we're providing accurateand relevant information to our customets," he

said. "We focus on the right set of needs, exploitthe right sources, create the required informa-tion and get it to the right customers when theyneed it."

Providing customets with the information theyneed to make critical decisions is at the fore-

front of TAP's priorities. "TAP," said NIMADirector Lt. Gen. lames C. King, "will lead theway in defining, developing and operating a

future imagery and geospatial informationservice as part of an integrated all-source infor-mation service...."

Doing this, Cardillo said, requires rapid re-

sponse on the part of NIMA."Our national, military and civil customers are

reacting to issues where they need up-to-dateinformation in hours and minutes. And they'redepending on us to respond to those needs."

Although NIMA and its predecessor organiza-

tions have had some spectacular successes,

ranging from recent strikes against Iraq (see

"Four Nights, 100 Targets," ]anuaty 1999 issue)

to emergency assistance overseas (see "NIMAAssists International Disaster Relief," March1998 issue), the emphasis is on constantlyimproving processes and efficiency to bettermeet customer needs.

According to Rob Zilz,head of the Plans,Programs and Analysis Office (PA), "NIMA has

a rock-solid foundation with the U.S. Imagery

.2 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

and Geospatial Information Service (USIGS). itencompasses our future direction in terms ofdoctrine, systems and people. USIGS is abso-

lutely the right way ahead for NIMA and thecommunity, and will help us achieve informa-tion superiority for our customers," He said thecoming dramatic increase in national, airborneand commercial imagery and geospatial capa-biliti.es will overwhelm the TPED functions ofUSIGS, unless those enhancements are made.

"The TPED Assessment is designed to help us

determine where we need to make immediateand long-term improvements to USIGS, anddefend thes e res ourc e requiremen ts," said Zitz,

With the new technology, Cardillo noted,comes increased expectations. "We have toconstantly adapt to take advantage of theseincreased capabilities. "

The expectations have been loudly vocalized.The Future Imagery Architecture (FIA) SeniorWarfighters Forum (SWARF) identified TPED as

the warfighter's "number one unsatisfied con-

cern" to the June 1998 Joint lChiefs of StafflRequirements Oversight Council (JROC). Theissue also received Congressional attention,resulting in a request for NIMA to provide animagery TPED modernization plan by June 1,

approved by the Director of Centrai Intelligence.This request, Cardillo said, fits well within

their plan."In our role as the functional manager for the

imagery and geospatial community, it's our job

to solve the TPED challenges." He points to a

TAP members (1-r):

Norman Spenser, DavidCraig, Gary Hacker, AirForce Maj. Ed Stawarz,Connie Strong, PaulMoskal, Sam Chang,Michael Joyce, Dick Strichand Eric Van DerVeer.

recent memorandum from Gen. King cailingTPED "one of the most important [Command,Control, Communications Computers andIntelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance]efforts in the DoD."

NIMA aggressively began the TPED Assess-ment Process, dedicating more than 50 full-timegovernment staff members. PA is leading theway with augmentees fiom other officesthroughout the Agency. It's also gleaned theexpertise of system engineering and integrationcontractor support,

"The purpose of TAP," Cardillo said, "is toassess the current TPED capabilities, captureour objective goals and recommend solutions toshortfalls. Simply put, we need to understandwhat we have and determine what we need tosatisfy customels. "

The National Correlation Working Group, a

mixed group of senior government representa-tives from across the national and militarycommunities and senior industry partners areinvolved and reviewing TAP's approach andinitial findings.

"Our goal"," said Cardilio, "is to develop viablealternatives to address TPED shortfalls." Thesecan include materiel (systems, staff, infrastruc-

ture) and non-materiel (improved processes,policies and concepts).

Key to TAP's success, Cardillo said, is con-tinually keeping in mind the importance ofgetting information to customers when theyneed it. He recalls a story recently relayed byNIMA Deputy Director Leo Hazlewood aboutNIMA support to an environmental supportrequest.

NIMA provided a geospatial informationdatabase, including a controlled image base,high resolution Digital Terrain Elevation Data(DTED), precise locations of critical elements inthe facility, historical imagery that was geo-referenced and ground shots over a 30-yearperiod referenced to the database.

"We handed all this to them on CD andshowed them how to print and select among theIayers in the database," Cardillo said, "It was agreat success because we listened to the cus-tomer and supplied exactly what was needed.We did it rapidly, and the result was a satisfiedcustomer, Our goal is to have many more suc-cess stories like this and, in fact, make it ourstandard way of doing business. Give the cus-tomer what they need, when they need it andhow they need it."

THE EDGE MARCH 1999 t3

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:1:::1l1.

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Members of NASA'| STS-gg space shuttle Endeavor mission which will carry the latest, high resolution rador imaging technology fot 3D

imaging of'Earth's topography, were at the let Propulsion Laboratory (IPL) fot simulation training in mid-February. Left to right are: Mamotu

voiri,"Nitional Spice-Deveiopment Agency of lipan (NASDA); Dominic Gorie, NASA STS-ss mission pilot; lanet Kavandi, NASA Kevin

Kregd, NASA SfS-SS missioi comminde-r; a IPL technician; Gerhard P. I. Thiele, European Space Agency; and lanice Voss, mission

spjiatlist. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission is scheduled for launch Sept. 19 aboard the shuttle Endeavor'

Systems (IWICS) network. Pa-

trons can use it to view librarYholdings, including books,magazines, videos and docu-ments at any of the NIMA Re-

search Centers. The VoYagercatalog is available on the NIMAResearch Division web site at

Demonstrations of other elec-tronic services availabie willinclude "Ask a Librarian,"where employees can submitonline reference questions tothe ISL reference staff, and a"Useful Links " section that Pro-vides some starting Points forresearch on the Internet.

ISL's products and servicesrecently were Put to the test

14 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

during a bomb damage assess-ment exercise. Staff membersfrom the Research Centers Pro-vided information from classi-fied and unclassified resourcesto exercise participants. NIMAanalysts responded quicklY torequests during the crisis exer-cise thanks to open-source refer-ence materials, imagerY intelli-gence and map sources.

The special collections main-tained by the NIMA ResearchCenters include specialized ref-erence materials such as fane'sWoild Railways or FightingShips; open-source databasessuch as LEXIS-NEXIS or DIA-LOG; and ground PhotograPhYfrom the Ground PhotograPhY

Division at WNY. The centersalso hold imagery and imag-ery intelligence documents;maps and charts; lithographicmaterials; and a variety of na-tional and international gov-ernment documents. All ofwhich are available to NIMAemployees upon request.

The ISL Road Show teammembers are Kristen Stoweand Jennifer Bushong, Wash-ington Research Center h.brar-ians. Watch for date, tirne andlocation information at Yoursite. POC is Kristin Stowe,(2O2) 863-3227.

NIMA Helps DEA

Monitor DrugTrafficking

by Wells Huff

ndochina's notorious "Golden Triangle" haslong been known for its drug traffic. A newNIMA map of the area, which includes the

"triangle's" common borders of Burma, Laosand Thailand, is expected to greatly aid theDrug Enforcement Agency (DEA) in its waragainst drugs.

NIMA recently updated the map at the requestof DEA as part of a new joint effort of the UnitedStates and China to fight international crimeand drug trafficking in Indochina.

Heroin from the Golden Triangle, DEA offi-cials say, flows through China in quantities thatU.S. government experts believe significantlyaffect the United States. Chinese officials ac-knowledge the problem and say they have proofthat more than 90 percent of the triangle's trafficcomes from Burma.

"DEA's request was to use current imagery toupdate the existing briefing graphic," explainedEli Rutstein, a member of the NIMA team as-

signed to the project. "The old one was madefrom [older] Joint Operations graphics."

Rutstein's team used the Controlled ImageBase (CIB) and added required features such as

roads, drainage, airfields and built-up areas.

"The CIB data was recent and in the mostcurrent format," Rutstein said. "We used theoriginal briefing graphic as a guide and addedthe new features as needed."

The project, undertaken in Bethesda, tooknearly two months to complete. Initially theteam, consisting of Rutstein, Chris White and

Jordan Rabinovitz, all of Geospatial and Infor-mation Services, decided to use the DigitalCapture and Finishing Environment (DCAFE)

workstation, which has a CIB translator and afast processor. Then (with other work pressing),

the job was moved to the Map Publishing Envi-ronment for the completion of compilation andcolor separations,

The final step involved NIMA's Remote Repli-cation System in Bethesda, which produced

Eli Rutstein shows a map of the " Golden Triangle," a significantsource of heroin.

copies for use in DEA offices in Washington andin the field.

Drug Enforcement officials like Robert Hern,who worked with the NIMA team, were pleasedwith the service NIMA provided. "It's a realimprovement," he said. "We're already puttingit to good use."

Rutstein (pointing) and lordan Rabinovitz use cunent imagery toupdate the existing graphic used by DEA.

Ia

bq

THE EDGE MARCH 1999 I5

Protecting NIMA'sCorporate Ioformation

by Darryl lohnsonInci dent Management Team

isuse of NIMA Information TechnologyResources is a problem throughout theAgency, and the number of misuse cases

being investigated by the NIMA Inspector General(IG) and the NIMA Incident Management Team(IMT) is growing.

There are steps everyone can take to eliminate the problem andprotect NIMA's corporate information.

Common examples of misuse that are investigated by the IMTand the IG include:

. Maintaining a private business or for-profitactivity on a NIMA computer.

. Overburdening the network with unofficiale-mail traffic,

. Soliciting or selling products for unofficialorganizations.

o Any use that is not officially authorized byyour supervisor.

. Spending time surfing an Internet websitenot directly related to NIMA's mission duringduty hours.

Since NIMA stand-up, theIMT has investigated morethan 100 cases dealing withmisuse of Internet access. InJanuary al.one, the IMT openedeight new misuse cases.

There have been several. casesinvestigated jointly by theGeneral Counsel (GC), IG, IMT,the Defense Criminal Investiga-tive Service (DCIS) and theFBI's Crimes Against ChildrenDivision.

Officials noted that whenaccessing a pornographicwebsite, web surfers haveabsolutely no control overwhat images will appear ontheir screen and are down-Ioaded to their computer. If theimages are of an underageperson, surfers can be pros-ecuted for dealing in childpornography.

There are also counterintelli-gence concerns. For example,each time a NIMA employeevisits a website, his or hername and e-mail address,among other things, are enteredinto that site's visitor logbook.This is an inherent vulnerabil-ity in every Internet browser.These logs are routinely sold toweb marketers for use in directmarketing. Foreign intelligenceservices and terrorists organi-zations operating online alsopurchase these logs.

After enough information hasbeen collected about an

individual's web habits, theperson may become subject torecruitment activities andblackmail. In September 1997,The Washington Posf ran aseries of articles about fourfederal employees whosenames appeared in a visitorlogbook that the Posf pur-chased.

Based on the Human Re-

sources Table of Penalties forMisuse of Information Tech-nology, disciplinarv actionranges from verbai counselingto removal from federal ser-vice. NIMA's senior leadershipis taking the problem seriouslv,In the past year, NIMA manag-ers have assessed punishmentranging from three to 14 dar-s

suspension without par,.Once disciplinarl, action is

taken, a personnel action formis completed and entered intothe employee's permanentrecord. A copy of the report isalso forwarded to the Person-nel Security office.

Employees can't avoid beingdetected ifthey are engaged inthis type of activity at work.However, by following somesimple rules for surfing atwork, they can avoid becomingthe next investigation (see

chart, above right).

Read and be familiar with Policy Notice (PN) 8400.2and PN 8400.3 (available at http://www.osis.nima.mili'mssa/oMSSA IMT.html).Attend mandatory ethics briefings offered by the Officeof the General Counsel.Attend mandatory Computer Security Awareness brief-ings offered by the NIMA Incident Management Team.Read the monthly Computer Security Awareness Bulle-tin published by the NIMA IMT for advice on safecomputing.Avoid any website that does not have a .mii or .govextension.If you accidentally access an inappropriate site, contactthe IMT immediately. There are a number of sites thatare not what they appear.

For further information regardingthe appropriate use of informationtechnology or to report misuse ofNIMA Information TechnologyResources, contact the IMT at

703-264-3000or the IG at

301.-227-2003.Your anonymity will be protected.

$-THE EDGE MARCH 1999 17

:a

by Paul Hurlburt and lohn Iler

any post-World WarII U.S. militaryoperations have

revolved around Asian junglesor desert sands. But with ever-changing world conditions, thelikelihood of conducting majormilitary operations in sprawl-ing urban areas is increasing.

Kuwait City, 1991. As Opera-tion Desert Storm unfolds, Iraqiforces set fire to oii refineriesand flee advancing coalitiontroops. But what if they hadresisted? The allied cost ofvictory could have been high.Other recent hotspots includeGrenada, Panama, Somalia andHaiti-all of which requiredmilitary operations in urbanareas.

According to a joint Army-Marine Corps paper on militaryaction in urban terrain, "lJ.S.forces do not possess theoverwhelming technologyadvantages in an urban envi-ronment as in other environ-ments." The primary problems,it states, include "line-of-sight

18 IHE EDGE MARCH 1999

restrictions, inherent fortifica-tions, limited intelligence,densely constructed areas andthe presence of noncombatants[that] restricts our currentmilitary technology."

How can NIMA supportforeign military operations insuch environments, wheresnipers can shoot from build-ings and the enemy can bedifficult to isolate and neutral-ize?

The Marine Corps testedNIMA's imagery and geospatialdatabases as it prepared toconduct an advancedwarfighting experiment, "lJr-ban Warrior," in the San Fran-cisco Bay area last month.

"Exercises like Urban Warriorallow both the customer andNIMA to experiment with newtypes of imagery and geospatialinformation," said Kurt Savoie,chief of NIMA's Marine CorpsCustomer Support Team. "Thisallows a refinement of theproper information content andlevel of support required."

Both foundation and mission-specific data sets were pro-vided for the exercise. Thefoundation data included a 5-

meter Controlled Image Base(CIB), Digital Point PositioningDatabase (DPPDB), Vector MapLevel 1 (VMAP 1), DigitalNautical Chart (DNC), DigitalTerrain Elevation Data (DTED)

and Feature Foundation Data(FFD).

The planning-level data,Savoie noted, will enableMarines "to rapidiy access andlocate areas requiring higher-resolution data" for operationaluse. The Marine Corps requiresgeospatial and imagery data toexecute tactical missions,including amphibious landing,assault, fighting in built-upareas, humanitarian assistance,reconnaissance, surveillance,target acquisition and urbanpatrolling.

A high-resolution, unclassi-fied, one-meter CIB imagery

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Derived Product also wasprovided over the definedmission locations.

"When the Presidio in SanFrancisco was suddenlydropped lrom the exercise,Savoie said, "NIMA respondedquickly to a change in missionlocation, compiling mission-specific data sets and one-meter CIB within trvo u-eeks.over the Oak Knoll Nar-alHospital in Oakland.''

NIMA also used UrbanWarrior as a demonstration of' data mining'-leveraeingexisting commercjal imaqenand geospatial informati ondatabases.

In Februarr', \{arine CorpsIiaison Sue Allersne\-er-Rosendale and three cartogra-phers flom St, Louis attendedthe final Urban \\-arrior plan-ning conference at CampPendleton, Calif. Ther- rrerejoined b]' NI\I^l technicalrepresentatir-e Joe Rvan andcartographers John Grund,Mike Bell and \lonica Mroz,

The conference included a

demonstration of \I\1A dataon an "end-user terminal"system. Carried in a backpack/vest, it inclr-rdes a GlobalPositioning Sr-stem receiver,small computer screen, key-board and communicationsantenna,

"The system enables a widerange of mapping and trackingpossibilities on the front line,"Grund said, "It was fascinatingto see our data being used totrack Marines in the area."

M-1A1 Abrams tanks patrol the streets atthe Military Operatlons in Urban Terrainfacilitv at Canp Leieune, N.C.

The group joined a mappingworkgroup in discussionsabout the use of NIMA prod-ucts for the exercise, briefedthe Special Purpose MarineAir-Ground Task Force work-ing with NIMA products andtoured the 1't Marine Expedi-tionary Force TopographicPlatoon. "The visit highlighteda number of ways in whichNIMA products are used andmade us realize there are manymore uses," Grund noted.

Bell cited the value of ex-changing ideas and discussingconcerns about using NIMAdata. "It was a privilege to see

how our customers use ourdata," he said. "This trip, nodoubt, has made me a bettercartographer. "

Savoie praised NIMA'sGeospatial Information andServices Office (GI) for quicklyadapting and exploiting stan-dard hardware and software tothe new and experimentalgeospatial data sets required

for Urban Warrior. He alsopraised the Information Ser-vices and Training Office (IS)

for creating an Urban Warriorhome page on the NIMA Gate-way that houses all the geospa-tial data created for the project,(See "Exercise Crisis" on theNIMA home page.)

Feedback has been positive."Your data is as valuable as

ammunition in a firefight,"said Maj. Fritz Barth, USMCR."And at this point people areIining up to use it. Your deliv-ery has been right on time!"

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photo b5t Lance CpL. Michelle L. Underwood. tJ.S. Marine Corps.

THE EDGE MARCH 1999 I9

by Adam VerackaY2K Staff

s the clock tickstowards ]an. 1, 2000,Tom Earley's 22-

member NIMA Y2K staff meetseach morning to discuss theAgency's progress in meetingthe challenges associated withthe coming millennium.

Stemming the Y2K problemat NIMA was emphasized byNIMA Director Lt. Gen. lamesC. King in the Agency's Year2000 Management PIan.

"We must succeed," he said,"for there is no margin of error,no time to recoup. Our custom-ers are depending upon oursuccess. "

Earley cails these dailymeetings with his team ofNIMA government and con-tractor personnel to remainahreast of the various activitiesbeing carried out for the com-ing day.

"The message is clear thatmeeting the challenges associ-ated with the coming of Jan, 1,

2000, is our number-one Prior-itv," Earlev said. "As an

agenc\r, n'e rvill continue to do

everything \ve can to ensutewe're read.v and that we havecontingency plans for anyunexpected complications. "

Compounding the problem,he added, is that 2000 is a leaP

year, and that in some in-stances the digits "9999"(representing Sept. 9, 1999)

may be a software expressionfor infinity. "This mix of issuesffi

is also being addressed andworked for compliance. "

The Y2K project is a complexundertaking, unrivaled in sizeand scope. There are 21,8

NIMA systems being moni-tored. Of these, 41 have beencategorized as mission critical;22 are already Y2K compliant.Of the remaining 19, all butfive are scheduled to be vali-dated by March 3r.

As the focal point for allNIMA Y2K activities, Earleyreports to the Director and theSenior Leadership Groupconcerning Y2K issues. TheNIMA Y2K management strat-egy complies with the DoDstrategy of providing central-ized policy and planning withdecentralized implementationand execution. Common guid-ance and direction are pro-vided by the Y2K team, whilethe system owners control thedevelopment and correctiveactions for their respectivesystems.

The team works with Y2Krepresentatives from the NIMAorganizational staffs concern-ing system issues, Y2K data-base updates, system documen-tation, compliance certifica-tion, end-to-end testing andcontingency plans. Earley alsomaintains a corporate databaseto mark the progress in meetingY2K project milestones and toprovide reports for internal as

u,ell as external requirements.

"The message isclear that

meeting thechallenges

associated withthe coming ofJan . 1, 2000, isour number-one

priority."This database, which is avail-able to all NIMA employees,hosts the complete inventory ofallzta NIMA systems. In-cluded are the major NIMAproduction systems as well as

the more nontraditional sys-tems, such as fire alarm andsecure phones.

It is used in monitoring,managing and reporting theprogress of each system, Datafields include the name of eachsystem, the Y2K coordinatingorganization, the programmanager, project manager andcustomer names.

Users can see the status ofeach system and where theyare in relation to their mile-stone dates. Costs to make eachsystem compliant are alsoincluded, as well as whetherthe system is replacing anexisting non-compiiant system.

Severai mediums are used fordisseminating and exchanginginformation to NIMA senior

ieadership, system ownersand the workforce. Theweekly Configuration ControlBoard (CCB) reviews andmanages NIMA Y2K sched-ules and issues. The CCB ischaired by Earley and iscomposed of the Y2K coordi-nators and representativesfrom the program executiveoffices and major NIMAoffices.

The High Risk Board (HRB)

also meets weekiy to addressthe status of specific mission-critical systems that arescheduled to become Y2Kcompliant this year. Attendeesinclude General King, DeputyDirector Leo Hazlewood,Earley and all NIMA seniorexecutive managers.

"Over the next 10 months,"Earley said, "the focus will beon testing and reviewingcontinuity of operationsplans, end-to-end testing,operational evaluations, andrapid response strategy. "

How and what NIMA isdoing to meet the challengesof the Y2K issue will beexplored in depth in upcom-ing Edge articles as part of a"Y 2K Countdown" series.

For further information onY2K, check out the NiMAYear 2000 Home Page at http://osis.nima,mil/y2kl.

Around Alone Sailor Adrift:

I{IMA to the Rescue!

6

q

oo

Peter Doherty, bam chief , and senior watchofficer Michael Whitby.

by Howard CohenMarine N avi gatio n D e p artment

sabelle Autissier, 42, fromFrance, is considered bymany to be one of the

world's best and most techni-caliy-gifted deep water sailors.

On Feb. 15, while leading the"Around A1one" single-handedyacht race in a quest to circum-navigate the globe, she foundherself in varying winds of zo-3o knots, Her yacht, PRB, firstrolled goo, then quickly"turned turtle" (completelyupside down) and foundered.

Autissier thinks it was a

wind shift and the autopilot'sfailure to adjust quicklyenough. She had just enoughtime to seek refuge inside thewaterproof cabin, immediatelyactivate her distress beacons,and wait for rescue huddledinside.

The distress call was receivedby the Around Alone Race

Operations Center in Charles-ton, S.C., which then tele-phoned NiMA's WorldwideNavigational Warning Service(WWNWS). Thanks to modernsatellite technology, Race

Operations knew exactly whereAutissier and her yacht werelocated.

Race Operations Center alsoknew that NIMA's Marine

danger. Being a distress"l knew her life was in serious

messog€, it had to go out as

an tlmmediate.ttt

24 THE EDGE MARCH 1999

Navigation Department(GIMM), which providesaround-the-clock warningservice via the 24-hour radiobroadcast desk, could call forhelp.

The radio broadcast deskteam, staffed by Michael

Isabelle Autissier

Whitby, senior watch officer,and Peter Doherty, team chief,have the responsibility ofscreening safety messages sentto NIMA from commands andvessels worldwide, and subse-quently determine whichmessages will be issued as

navigational warnings.On the day of the distress,

Walter Holtgren, a 21.-year

veteran with NIMA andDMA, was on watch.He recalls the conversa-tion with the Race

Operations Centers'race coordinator, PeterDunning.

"Dunning informedme that a distress signalwas received from Ms.Autissier's boat in thevicinity of ss-ooS rzs-51W," he said. "I knewher life was in seriousdanger, Being a distress

message, it had to go out as an'Immediate."'

HYDROPAC 130/99 wastransmitted. A long-rangemaritime safety message,HYDROPACs are one of thefive message categories issuedby the NIMA radio broadcastdesk and cover the Pacific andIndian Ocean area.

"Often U.S. Navy ships in thearea of concern can assist insituations like this," saidHoltgren, "and NIMA has theability to reach out to themusing WWNWS."

Unfortunately, near Antarc-tica and about half way be-tween New Zealand and SouthAmerica-L,2OO miles or morefrom the nearest land-therewere no U.S. Navy shipsnearby. It was also too farsouth to be reached by naval or

commercial rescue vessels oraircraft in port.

Italy's Giovanni Soldini,another race competitor, was200 miles from Autissier. Hewas immediately diverted bythe Race Operations Center torescue his fellow racer.

Twenty-four hours later, afterpassing through rough condi-tions inciuding numerous"growlers" (partially sub-merged ice), Soldini locatedAutissier.

Upon reaching the vessel,Soldini threw a hammer at theoverturned hull to signalAutissier that she could comeout. Autissier emerged throughher aft hatch, then climbed intoher life raft. Soldini then sailednext to the raft and tookAutissier aboard his yacht,FILA.

Once NIMA was notified ofthe rescue, a new HYDROPACmessage was issued cancelingthe previous distress messageand informing mariners thatthe rescue was successful.

And what about Autissier'sboat adrift on the high seas?

Why, that's HYDROPAC 1341

99: Derelict yacht PRB, whitesuperstructure, black hull,capsized and adrift in 54-59.4S125-48.9W at 1612412 F eb.

j

**a*$3*,*

THEEDGE MARCH1999 25

Se cret Service [Jses NIMA Toolsto Protect Dignitsriesby Don Kusturin and Muridith Winder

hen Pope John PaulII visited St. Louisin February, he was

warmly greeted by cheeringcrowds, banners and the Presi-

dent of the United States' Asthe world watched, so didSecret Service agents, intent onprotecting both leaders.

The Secret Service agents

protecting the Pope were using

aspects of where the PoPe

would be could be easilyannotated. AII sites fiom where"shepherd 1" (the designationfor any plane carrying thePope) was parked to his quar-

ters at the archbishop's home,were clearly labeled, as well as

the route to and from eachvenue where the pontiff aP-

peared. During his trip, he

brainstormed ways in whichwe could provide better serviceto the Secret Service."

It paid off. The Secret Service

said the improvements madewere very useful.

lohn Tuley and JamesHuettenmeyer, with NIMASt. Louis, provided the griddedreference graphics used for theevent. To help with securitY,Dwight Waliace and EricHuguley (both IA) provided theSecurity Planning Package.

NIMA also produced large-format plots used by local andfederal policing agencies. Aletter-sized version was Pro-duced for individual use.

"The best feature about these

products was that everybodYwas singing from the same

sheet of music," saidBloomfield.

He explained that, if anincident had occurred, each

"player" would have been able

to locate a particular Point,first through a zone designa-tion, then a street name. Thiswould keep people from look-ing at South 14th Street whenthey were talking about North14ft. Because the products werein such high detail, the area

could be assessed for emer-gency vehicle passage andallow quicker decisions to be

made as well.NIMA's role in planning for

this visit began in October' BY

the time it was over,Bloomfield said familial bonds

NIMA products producedespecially for this occasion.They included a CD PhotoMaP

with annotated imagerY, wallplots, gridded reference graPh-

ics and a SecuritY PlanningPackage.

"The CD PhotoMaP was used

to physically plan out thePope's entire itinerarY several

months in advance," said

project leader MarkBloomfield, of the NIMAProduction Cell.

The maps were in such ahigh level of detail that all

traveled more on St. Louisstreets than in any other citY inthe United States.

Although the CD PhotoMaP

is a new product, it was used

by the Secret Service in Proto-type form last September,when the World EnergY Coun-cil held its meeting in Houston,

According to Andrew Mason,

of the Integrated ProgramsOffice and technical lead forthis visit, the iessons learnedfrom Houston helPed make abetter product.

"From those lessons, Mark,Roger Oleson and I

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had developed between NIMAand the Secret Service. BarryBarwatt, NIMA's productionmanager for the National/CivilCustomer Support Team, notedthat NIMA's people wereinvited to the sites and pro-vided on-site coordination andassistance.

"We're also providing train-ing to the Secret Service so theycan better use our products," hesaid.

According to Barwatt, therelationship will be a lastingone. The Secret Service estab-lished a Major Events Divisionto work closely with NIMA'sNational/Civil Customer Sup-port Team. And preliminarymeetings are being held forNIMA's support for the 2000Winter Olympics in Salt LakeCity. The Secret Service islooking for the same level ofsupport as with the Pope's visit.

"We're very satisfied with theproducts during the Pope'svisit," said Security SupervisorBruce Pagano. So useful werethe products, he added, "wedon't anticipate any additionalimprovements."

In addition to the Olympics,NIMA will be involved in theDemocratic and Republican

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,. nconventions, the NATO sum-mit, the millennium celebra-tion and the next Presidentialinaugural.

WOMEN'S HISTORY MONTH

MARCH

28 THE EDGE MARCH 1999