next generation networks and qos · global broadband penetration source :information &...
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Next Generation Networks and QoSNext Generation Networks and QoS
Koichi AsataniKoichi AsataniKogakuin University, TokyoKogakuin University, Tokyo
Chair Emeritus, IEEE CQRChair Emeritus, IEEE CQR--TC Advisory BoardTC Advisory Board
APNOMSAPNOMS 2006 2006 SeptemberSeptember 2929, 2006, , 2006, BusanBusan, Korea, Korea
Global Access ArrangementsGlobal Access ArrangementsNumber of access linesNumber of access lines((BillionBillion))
18981898 20182018
11
33
22
00
WiredWired
CableCable
WirelessWireless
19581958 19781978 199819981938193819181918YearYear Source: ITUSource: ITU
Global Broadband PenetrationGlobal Broadband Penetration
Source :Information & Communications in Japan 2005,
InfoCom Research ,Inc.
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
USA UK France Germany Korea Japan0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Subscribers(%)
4.64M@end of 2005
DSLCables
BB PenetrationFTTH
Penetration
Broadband in JapanBroadband in Japan
S1
0
50
100
150
200
250
1985
200520
00199519
90
Global International Call GrowthGlobal International Call Growth
source: http://www.dri.co.jp/auto/report/telegeo/telegeotg04.htm
Total Traffic (PSTN+VoIP)
VoIP
Note: Forecasted Data for 2003 and after
Billion Minutes
VoIP Penetration VoIP Penetration •Japan:7.83 M(End of 2004*1)•USA: 1.10M *2
•Germany:0.11M, France:0.22M, UK: 50Th*3
*1 MIC *2 INFONETICS RESEARCH Press Release, 2/22 2005.*3 http://www.itfacts.biz/index.php?id=P2589*4 March 2005
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
Dec. 2003 March 2004 June 2004 Sept 2004 Dec.2004
Million
Evolution in Networks and ApplicationsEvolution in Networks and Applications
WWW
NGI
Internet
ARPA
Packet SwitchedNetwork
B-ISDN
ISDN
Digital TelephoneNetwork
Analog TelephoneNetwork
ftp telnet e-mail
Internet access
Datacommunications
Telephone
BroadbandStreamingADSL
FTTHFWA
nGWL
NGNBurst, StreamingUnicast, Multicast
Voice sound Video Mutlimedia
FRATM
P2P
Network EvolutionTelecomApplications
InternetApplications
SDH
FAX
IP Telephony
-Packet-based network-Use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies-Service-related functions independent from underlying transport-related technologies-Unfettered access to networks and to competing service providers/services-Generalized mobility, allowing consistent and ubiquitous provision of services
Source:Rec.Y.2001
Target Standards Area
Generalized Mobility Convergence btw. Fixed & Mobile
Unrestricted Access Open Access I/F
Separation Services with Transport Architecture and Open API
QoS-enabled Transport
Multiple-BroadbandManageable Broadband
Definition & Features of NGNDefinition & Features of NGN
Next Generation Networks (NGN)Next Generation Networks (NGN)
NGN Transport Functions
NGN Service-Related Functions
Telephone Services
Data Services (WWW, e-mail, etc.)
Video Services (TV, movies, etc.)
Internet Protocol(IP)
Anything and Everything
Everything(Any and All Network Technologies)
(Any/All Applications
e.g., voice, data, video)
Scope of the
Internet
“Service Stratum”
“Transport Stratum”
Source: ITU-T Recommendation Y.2011 — General principles and general reference model for next generation networks
NGN Release 3-RFID
NGN Release 2-Entertainment-Home Networks
NGN Release 1-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations
Services and Capabilities
Mid of 2006
Enhancement to Release 1Capabilities
Enhencementto Release 2Capabilities
Mid of 2007? End of 2008
-Multimedia-PSTN/ISDNEmulations
- Streamingservices
- Ubiquitous services
Release Approach for NGNRelease Approach for NGN
Transport and service configuration of the NGNTransport and service configuration of the NGN
LegacyTerminals
Note: Gateway (GW) may exist in either Transport Stratum or End-User Functions.
*
LegacyTerminals
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
End-UserFunctions
Application Functions
Core transport Functions
NGNTerminals
CustomerNetworks
Other N
etworks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Core TransportFunctions
Other N
etworks
Transport Stratum
EdgeFunctions
Access Transport Functions
ServiceControl
Functions
Network AccessAttachment Functions
NAAF
Network Attachment Control Functions
(NACF)
Access NetworkFunctions
Resource and AdmissionControl Functions
(RACF)User
ProfileFunctions
T. UserProfileFunctions
GWGW
Other Multimedia ServiceComponents …Streaming ServiceComponent
PSTN / ISDN EmulationService Component
IP Multimedia Component&PSTN/ISDN Simulation
IP MultimediaService Component
S. UserProfile
Functions
GWGW
Applications
LegacyTerminals
Note: Gateway (GW) may exist in either Transport Stratum or End-User Functions.
*
LegacyTerminals
Transport Stratum
Service Stratum
End-UserFunctions
Application Functions
Core transport Functions
NGNTerminals
CustomerNetworks
Other N
etworks
Application Support Functions and Service Support Functions
Core TransportFunctions
Other N
etworks
Transport Stratum
EdgeFunctions
Access Transport Functions
Access Transport Functions
ServiceControl
Functions
Network AccessAttachment Functions
NAAF
Network Attachment Control Functions
(NACF)
Access NetworkFunctions
Resource and AdmissionControl Functions
(RACF)User
ProfileFunctions
T. UserProfileFunctions
UserProfile
Functions
T. UserProfileFunctions
GWGWGWGW
Other Multimedia ServiceComponents …Streaming ServiceComponent
PSTN / ISDN EmulationService Component
IP Multimedia Component&PSTN/ISDN Simulation
IP MultimediaService Component
S. UserProfile
Functions
GWGWGWGW
Applications
Y.NGN-FRA Figure 8 -
NGN example of service domains NGN example of service domains
TransitNetwork
Internet Operator A
IP ConnectivityAccess Network
Core TransportNetwork
TransitNetwork
InternetServices
InternetServices
Operator B
Core TransportNetwork
IP ConnectivityAccess Network
AccessNetworkLaptop
Core Network FirewallIMS
Services
Non-SIPServices
AccessNetwork
Core NetworkIMS
Services1
32
1
32: IMS services: Non SIP service: Internet service
Y.NGN-FRA Appendix I Figure I.5:
Complexity of NGN QoSComplexity of NGN QoS
•• UserUser--perceived QoS is endperceived QoS is end--toto--end (cf. E.800)end (cf. E.800)•• NGN QoS is complex becauseNGN QoS is complex because
–– NGN applications have diverse performance needsNGN applications have diverse performance needs–– IP is not designed for consistent application performanceIP is not designed for consistent application performance
•• Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific Various mechanisms have been introduced with specific applicability applicability
–– Diversity in an endDiversity in an end--toto--end path is common owing toend path is common owing to•• Different levels of QoS support in endpointsDifferent levels of QoS support in endpoints•• Varying types of QoS support in the transportVarying types of QoS support in the transport•• Multiple provider domainsMultiple provider domains
Multi-Service Packet Transport
802.xxAccess
2G/3GWireless
Cable
xDSL
Domain 1IntServ
Domain 4Over-Prov
Domain 2DiffServ
Domain 3MPLS-TE
N G N
Effective management of resource contention
CNAN ANCPN CPNTE TEUser User
Network Performance for NGN
Quality of Service for NGNQoE QoE
Man-Machine Interface
Man-Machine Interface
Network Interface
Network Interface
End-to-end or network elements capabilities
Between (at) service access points
User subject
Focus on planning, development (design), operations and maintenance
Focus on user-observable effects
Focus on user-expected effects
Connection/Flow element attributeService attributeUser behaviour attribute
Provider orientedUser oriented
Network PerformanceQuality of ServiceQuality of Experience
Ref. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoERef. Configuration of QoS, NP and QoE
ITUITU--T RACF ArchitectureT RACF Architecture
Rs
Rw
Service Stratum
Transport Functions
PolicyDecisionFunction
Transport Resource Control
FunctionRACF
Transport Stratum
Service Control Functions(part of IMS or else)(part of IMS or else)
Rt
RdRp
RcRn
Ru
Other N
GN
s
Ri
TransportEnforcement
Function
Interconnection Functions PolicyEnforcement
Function
Network Attachment Control Functions
• Policy Decision Functionservice facing, transport independent
• Transport Resource Control Functionservice independent, transport dependent, possibly network-segment specific
• Policy Enforcement Functiontypically part of border transport elements
intraintra--domaindomaininterinter--
domaindomain
RACF augments native transport QoS support
Preempting transport congestion at the service control layer
All applications (VoIP, IPTV, etc.) involving network-based control can make use of RACF via Rs
Roles of RACF and Related EntitiesRoles of RACF and Related EntitiesPolicy Decision Function• Makes the overall admission decision
based on policy and resource availability• Applies resource controls to the transport
for bandwidth reservation, packet marking, gating, NAPT, etc.
Transport Resource Control Function• Tracks transport resource usage and
network topology• Checks resource availability• Applies L2 resource controls to the
transport
Policy Enforcement Function• Enforces controls applied by PDF• Provides resource information to TRCF
Overall, RACF supports Relative and absolute QoS, including priorityEndpoints of varied QoS control capabilitiesPush and pull models for policy installationMultiple transaction models for resource requestsVarious resource management methods based on accounting, measurement and reservationExisting and emerging transport QoS mechanisms
A Configuration ExampleA Configuration Example
Network Attachment
Control Functions
Ru
Service StratumTransport Stratum
Core Network
Rs
RwRw Rc
Rt
RdPDF
Service Control Functions
Access Network
Rs
RwRw Rc
Rt
PEF
Service Control Functions
PEF
TRCF TRCF
Rp
PEF
Other N
GN
s
CustomerPremisesNetwork
PEF
Ri Ri
The Policy Enforcement Function can reside in the• Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)• Packet Data Serving Node (PDSN)• Session Border Controller (S/BC)
• Broadband Remote Access Server (BRAS)• Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)• Border gateway
Y.123.qos and Y.enet under way apply RACF to Ethernet-based IP access networks and Ethernet-based NGN, respectively
Key QoS Topics under Study in ITUKey QoS Topics under Study in ITU
• Performance objectives, including– Network performance classes– Network performance allocation
• Dynamic QoS controls, including– Signaling of performance requirements– Resource and admission control– Interworking of QoS mechanisms– Inter-domain considerations– Frameworks and guidelines
• Performance measurement and management
• Performance assessment
SG 4SG 12SG 13FGNGNSG 12
SG 12SG 16FGNGN
SG 11 SG 13FGNGN
A major goal is to develop an end-to-end QoS solution that allows incremental deployment
19
Service Provider A Service Provider B
Summary reports,measurement requests
PerformanceReportingSystem
Collection Platforms
Control,Reports
Control,Reports
Config,Reports,Policing info
PE/CE PE/CE
Probes,Policing info
Probes,Policing info
Delay/LossProbes
Config,Reports,Policing info
PerformanceReportingSystem
MeasurementPlatforms
Collection Platforms
InterInter--Domain Performance Measurement and ManagementDomain Performance Measurement and Management
• Definitions of attributes to be measured— Mean delay, delay variation, packet loss, path unavailability (cf. Y.1541)
• How attributes are measured, e.g.,— Active or passive measurement (cf. Y.1711 and Y.1731)— Active probes tailored to Y.1541 QoS classes— Clock synchronization to Coordinated Universal Time through GPS or the like
• Management requirements for discovery, inter-PRS communication, etc.
Source:Source:Y.pmmY.pmm
IPIP--based network performancebased network performance
U
U
U
U
Class 5
1*10-6
1*10-5
50 ms
100 ms
Class 6
1*10-61*10-4Upper bound IPER
1*10-51*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-31*10-3Upper bound on the packet loss
probability IPLR
50 msUUU50 ms50 ms
Upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile
of IPTD minus the minimum
IPTD
IPDV
400 ms1 s400 ms100 ms400 ms 100 ms Upper bound on the mean IPTD IPTD
Class 7Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1 Class 0
Nature of Network
Performance Objective
Performance Parameter
Y.1541
Object Quality Assessments ModelObject Quality Assessments Model
G.1030 Annex A(Web -browsing)
G.Chirp(Web -browsing)
One -wayData
Application Scenario
BS.1387 -1One -way(Listening quality)
G.OMV(Videophone)
J.148 (Multimedia)
Two -way
One -waySpeech/Audio and Video
?.YYY (Cable TV)?.ZZZ (Multimedia)
J.144 (Cable TV)?.XXX (Multimedia)
One -way(Viewing quality)
G.107(Telephone-band)G.WBEM(Wideband)
Two -way(Conversational quality)
P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1 (Telephone-band)P.862.2(Wideband)
One -way(Listening quality)
Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring
Benchmarking/Intrusive monitoring
Estimated
subjective quality
G.1030 Annex A(Web -browsing)
G.Chirp(Web -browsing)
One -way
Application Scenario
BS.1387 -1One -way(Listening quality)
Audio
G.OMV
J.148 (Multimedia)
Two -way
One -way
?.YYY (Cable TV)?.ZZZ (Multimedia)
J.144 (Cable TV)?.XXX (Multimedia)
One -way(Viewing quality)
Video
G.107
G.WBEM(Wideband)
P.CQO (Telephone-band)Two -way(Conversational quality)
P.563, P.VTQ P.862/P.862.1
P.862.2(Wideband)
One -way(Listening quality)
Speech
Network planningNon -intrusive monitoring
Benchmarking/Intrusive monitoring
Media
(Telephone-band)
NGNNGN--relatedrelated Standardization OrganizationsStandardization Organizations
USA
Europe
ATISTTC
TTA
CCSA
IETF
ETSI
ITU
AsiaTISPAN 3GPP
Next Generation IP Network Promotion ForumNext Generation IP Network Promotion Forum
• Established on Dec. 16, 2005• Based on a report from MIC Study Group
on Next Generation IP Infrastructure• To Promote evolution to IP-based Networks
in Japan• Under close cooperation among industries,
government and academia
Next Generation IP Network Promotion ForumNext Generation IP Network Promotion Forum
• Membership: operators, vendors and academia
• Study technical standards for Next Generation IP Networks
• Verifies interoperability through experiments
• Promotes R&D and standardization
ObjectivesObjectives
• Leading ICT by 2010• through all IP-based networks• maintaining security, reliability and
interoperability• providing safe and convenient services
Forum StructureForum StructureNext Generation IP Network
Promotion ForumChair: Prof. Tadao Saito (University of Tokyo)
Technology GroupChair: Prof. Shigeki Goto (Waseda University)
R&D and Standardization GroupChair: Prof. Koichi Asatani (Kogakuin University)
Planning and Promotion GroupChair: Dr. Yuichi Matsushima (NICT)
IssuesIssues
• Promotion of R&D and standardization for next generation networks
• Promotion of international cooperation• In particular, cooperation among Asian
countries
Nationwide Test Bed JGN IINationwide Test Bed JGN II
GG
大阪堂島
100km
NW-A : NW 運用管理技術の研究開発
NW-B : テラビットクラス実現のためのテストベッド
GMPLS 相互接続技術
10 G (1G × 8)
当初 10 Gベース
NICT北九州 ITセンター金沢
10 G10 G
10 G×2
10 G NICTつくば RC
大手町
NICTけいはんなセンター
NICT小金井
10 G
10 G
NICT鹿島
10 G
仙台
札幌
1G
1G
長野
高知名古屋
1G 1G
1G福岡
堂島
10 G (1G× 8) 10 G
(1G×8)
光光
1G
沖縄
10 G
10 G (1G×8)
岡山
NICT神戸
1G
金沢
金沢
福岡
福岡
堂島
堂島
岡山
大手町
産学 IT北九州
NICTけいはんな つくば
NICT鹿島
つくば RC大手町堂島
NICTけいはんなセンター
光NW : 物理的な検証も可能な光テストベッド
NW-A : NW Management
NW-B : Test bed for tera bit
GMPLS Interconnection
10 G (1G × 8)
10 G
NICT KitakyushuITKanazawa
10 G10 G
10 G×2
10 G NICTTsukuba RC
OtemachiNICT Keihanna Center
NICT Koganei
10 G
10 G
NICT Kashima10 G
Sendai
Sapporo
1G
1G
Nagano
KochiNagoya
1G 1G
1GFukuoka
Dojima
10 G (1G× 8) 10 G
(1G×8)
1G
Okinawa
10 G
10 G (1G×8)
Okayama
NICT Kobe1G
KanazawaFukuoka
Fukuoka
Dojima
Okayama
Otemachi
ITKitakyushu
NICT Keihanna Tsukuba
NICT KiajshmaKanazawaDojima
Source:NICT