News Coverage

April Issue 4/8/2014

Volume 1

WHO CONTROLS YOUR NEWS

IS THE INTERNET THE NEW NEWSPAPER

Why does information CHANGE between sourcesPLUS TIPS FOR FINDING A GREAT

JOB in the NEWS INDUSTRY

How do you obtain your dream job _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _10Specific Differences in News Coverage_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11News Coverages’ opinion _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16References _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17

The news industry is changing and I want to improve the jour-nalism field by making sure our society is aware of the problems these changes cause. There is a concentration of ownership and an increase in online readership that affects the articles being published. The pur-pose of opening the publics eye to conglomeration in the media is to educate young professionals that the nation’s knowledge is in their hands. My research shows that opinion dominates the news. My goal is to show that large corporate owners decide what information we receive. As journalists, we should inform the public correctly and give them complete access to information so they can form their own opinions. An analysis of two different news sources shows how coverage differs from company to company. This is what you need to know before choosing where to receive your news.

“We need to detach our opinions and ethically inform the public.”

Images for front cover: She inspires (n.d.) msnbc (n.d.).

2 News Coverage

Table of Contents

Letter from the editor _ _ _ 03Media Conglomeration _ _ _ 04News Consumption _ _ _ _ 08

Letter from the Editor

Large corporations gain more control over public news due to con-glomeration (Howley, 2008; Palmer 2013). Conglomeration is growing (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006; Howley, 2008). This allows fewer companies to dominate news and me-dia. Large news companies such as: MSN-BC, Fox News, and NPR, have an obligation to write what corporate owners pay them to publish (Adams, Anderson, Hitlin, Jurkow-itz, Mitchell, Santhanam, & Vogt, 2012). The control of elite companies in news and me-dia threatens our democracy by creating a narrow viewpoint. (Champlin & Knoedler,

2006; Howley, 2008). Press conglomeration leads to similar coverage of one topic since the majority of media is controlled by a small number of owners (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006). This narrows news coverage and limits reported viewpoints (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006; Howley, 2008). Large cor-porations have a lot of money, which keep the news operating. Therefore, news cov-erage is solely business to these corpo-rations. (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006). Some reporters do not have the option to express different viewpoints because they have a responsibility to biased shareholders

(Champlin & Knoedler, 2006). The media needs different perspectives to cover each story from different angles. Multiple perspec-tives would help cover the entire story. The public’s knowledge is often up to journalists, so the journalists have to decide whether they want to work for a large corporation or not (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006; Howley, 2008).

It is society’s right to read the news and form opinions. These opinions should not be based off biases (Champlin & Knoedler, 2002; McConnell, 2005). According to a news study from the Pew Research Center, conglomera-tion has significantly changed cable television in recent years (Adams, Anderson, Hitlin, Jur-kowitz, Mitchell, Santhanam, & Vogt, 2012).

The public is unable to form an un-biased opinion, if the news is already opin-ionated. The larger corporations tend to re-port more opinion-based news than factual news (Adams et al., 2012; McConnell, 2005). CNN does not use strictly factual news. They do not conduct interviews but instead broad-cast edited packages. (Adams et al., 2012). There are many variables that affect

opinion-based new. The time of day and whether the news is broadcasted on national television or cable television affects opinion. For example, daytime cable news is typically more opinion-based (Adams et al., 2012).

Eighty-five percent of MSNBC’s news is commentary and opinion , and only fifteen per-cent is factual reporting (Adams et al., 2012).

News &Conglomeration

Image. Neimerg (2013).

Journalist have a responsibility to their shareholder in this

Nation

4 News Coverage

CNN Fox News MSNBCSOURCE: Pew Research’s News Coverage Index

46% 54%

55%

45%

85%

15%

Commentary/Opinion

Factual Reporting

Opinion Dominates News

(Adams et al., 2012)

In media today, a lot of things are stated but they are not backed up by research (McConnell, 2005). McCo-nnell (2005) explains how two different sources, NPR and Democracy Now!, both talk about social security. She shows examples from NPR, a publicly and privately owned news company, and De-mocracy Now!, a non-profit news company. NPR made a statement, commented on it and did not back it up with research. Democracy Now!, stated the opposite of what NPR said with ample re-search, and proved their own statement to be true. Research verifies whether the state-ments are true (McConnel,

2005). Companies look to maximize their profit and do not focus on telling the entire story (Palmer, 2012).Money is a defining aspect in the media (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006; Palm-er, 2012). Companies need eye-catching headlines in order to increase or main-tain readership. CNN uses features, called iReports, to attract audience members. iReports do not require re-search and the journalists are not paid for writing them. They bring in a lot of money for the corpora-tion because they increase readership. They are short headline features, but they do not take time and money

to publish (Palmer, 2012). Readership is equal to income (Champlin & Knoedler, 2006; Howley, 2008; Palmer, 2012). News sources stick to one opinion in order to keep a concrete audience (Chanslor, Gobetz, & Scott, 2008). If the audi-

ence is strongly opinionat

ed about a certain topic they are more likely to use opin-ion-based news. Keeping the opinion out of the news will help people formulate their own opinion, opposed to tak-ing a corporation’s opinions (Champlin& Knoedler, 2006;

Chanslor, Gobetz, & Scott,

2008). People have noticed corporate colonization in the news and its effect on se-curing rights for journalists. People are looking for ways to protect the publics right to free and independent press

(Howley, 2008).

Money controls the news. Rupert Murdoch (shown on the right) owns news corporation. The worlds second largest news

conglomerate. He can decide what the journalist publish.

6 News Coverage

Rupert Murdoch, News Corporation CEO (Dyson, T., 2009).

News Consumption Source Type

Most Popular: Online News

The type of source that the public chooses for news is not random (Americans Be-lieve Internet News Most, 2009; Grabowicz, 2014; Me-dia Coverage Analysis, 2011).

People are much more like-ly to take time to read the news if they find it online op-posed to a newspaper (Amer-icans Believe Internet News Most, 2009; Grabowicz, 2014).

News corporations have to relay their news quickly because the population is looking for the instant gratification of finding the news immediately (Grabo-wicz, 2014). News companies face the problem of attracting a new audience while still try-ing to maintain current, and usually skewing older, print or broadcast audiences (Chanslor, et al., 2010; Grabowicz, 2014). The trend toward online news is clear, but not everyone is go-ing online, so the companies face the challenge of keeping up with print broadcast and online coverage (Grabowicz, 2014).

People want the news relayed to them in a quick and reliable manner. (Grabowicz, 2014; Media Coverage

Analysis, 2011; Palmer, 2013). In 2011, polls were taken to see which type of coverage the public preferred. Ac-

cording to KCLS (2011), more people prefer the Internet than any other source type.

Internet

Television

Newspaper

Radio

Other

38%

17%

16%

13%

17%

Source Type that Americans find most Trustworthy

A survey contacted 3,000 people and has a margin of error of 1.8 percent. It was found that 38 percent of Americans find the Internet the most reliable. The next most reliable had less than half and it was television.

(Americans Believe Internet News Most, 2009).

According to a poll done by World Net Daily, 38 percent of Americans said they trust the Inter-net the most, followed by 17 percent trusting the television news, and next 16 percent trusted the newspapers (Americans Believe Internet News Most, 2009). People trust the Internet more and find it accessible, so news companies are pushing to have their news online. News sources are trying to keep up to date with what the pub-lic wants. Superficial reports are what the public is getting because they can be done quickly (Palmer, 2013;

Americans Believe Internet News Most, 2009). Many news corporations are finding ways to get their news on-line. Stories tend to be shallow and contain less research (Palmer, 2013).

Society wants a quick headline that keeps them updated on what is going on. This exemplifies the public’s likeli-ness to believe what they hear without further research (McConnell, 2005).

Research done by State of the News Media, shows that the larger news corporations tend to have more short stories online, opposed to long, in depth printed articles (Adams et al., 2012; Palmer, 2013). The public does not want to take the time to read an entire article.

Percentage of Americans

8 News Coverage

How do YOU get a great Job?

Degree

Get Connected

Events

Internships

Contact

Get a journalism degree from a great university like The University of Kansas

Get on LinkedIn now, it will connect

you with the right people. Also, join

your alumni asso-ciation because it

works wonders for getting jobs.

Attend all events your dream compa-ny organizes, and always follow up afterwards.

You may not get all the luxuries of a

high-paying job, but this is a first-class

ticket to your dream job.

Senior professionals are found exclusive-ly by recommenda-tion, so use those connections and follow up with your dream company.

There you are, sitting at your dream job.

Now that more news is online, the type of

news the public is interested in

is changing. Research done by

the KCLS (2011), shows that

news coverage is leaning to-

wards blogs, calendars, opin-

ion, and mostly social media.

In a clipping summary done by

KCLS, five hundred and twenty

five clips covered social media,

while only one hundred and fif-

ty two clips covered what they

call “total news.” KCLS explains

that total news is anything oth-

er than social media. It includes

politics, world events, and even

weather and traffic (Media

Coverage Analysis, 2011).

People choose head-

lines over entire articles, and

this does not give them enough

information to formulate opin-

ions (Adams et al., 2012). It is

not necessary to lose research

because the news is online. The

news industry needs to be wor-

ried about informing the pub-

lic, not only maximizing their

profit (Palmer, 2013).

The news continues to change as news consumption con-tinues to lean towards the Internet. The coverage type is changing along with the research that is being done (Mc-Connell 2005; Media Coverage Analysis, 2011)

An in-depth look into concrete differences betweem two news outlets.

Democracy Now!and CNN

Textual Analysis

To identify the dif-ferences in news coverage, this study used a qualitative textual analysis to examine how two specific news sourc-es differ. Large corporations display different articles than independently owned news sources because the journal-ists have a responsibility to the corporation owners (Ad-ams et al., 2012 Howley, 2008). There is also evidence that smaller news companies will back up their facts with more research and go more in depth opposed to just stating the facts (McConnell, 2005). Articles about Hur-ricane Sandy’s effect on the 2012 presidential campaign were examined from CNN and Democracy Now!. CNN is owned by the large

American media corporation, Time Warner and is an Ameri-can cable channel. Democracy Now! is an American nonprof-it, syndicated news program. A purposeful sample of articles within the catego-ry of Hurricane Sandy and the presidential election were examined. Schatzman and Strauss (1973) explain that purposeful sampling is crit-ical to qualitative research. This “refers to a decision made prior to beginning a study to sample content according to a preconceived, but rea-sonable initial set of criteria,” (Sandelowski, Holditch-Da-vis & Harris, 1992, p. 302). The criteria for the sample included articles that had an emphasis on Hurricane San-dy and the candidates for the

election. They also need-ed to be within one week of the storm landing on US soil. Six articles came from CNN and six articles came from Democracy Now!. Textual analysis is a way to examine the meaning behind content and is an ef-fective tool for examining me-dia publications (Dickerson, 2003; Fairclough, 2004; Her-tog & McLeod, 2003; McKee, 2003; Reese & Lewis, 2009). Hall (1975) developed tex-tual analysis as a method of quantitative analysis that ex-ceeded previous expectations.

10 News Coverage

It does not solely

rely on counting, but it is a

much more in-depth meth-

od to examine the language

including “every significant,

stylistic, visual, linguistic,

presentational, and rhetor-

ical feature,” in order to find

themes (Hall, 1975, p. 15).

Altheide (1996) de-

veloped a method to deter-

mine dominant themes in

the texts. According to Al-

theide (1996), themes are spe-

cific and reoccurring ideas

that dominate the content.

The notes from this study

analyzed content within the ma-

trix. A matrix is a table that was

used for each article in order to

study the themes. The themes

were: inventory content, content

variables, and tone variables. By

analyzing the different variables

within each article, this study

In an article published by Democracy Now!, the lead anchor, Amy Goodman ques-tions Paul Barrett, senior writer for Bloomberg Business week, about global warming because he is well informed about the science behind it (Bar-

rett, Goodman, 2012, Nov. 2). CNN inserts quotes from many politicians like Newt Gingrich, in their quest to answer the question, how is the hurricane going to af-fect the 2012 presidential elec-tion (Crowley, 2012 Oct. 29)? All of the articles under both sources talk a lot about Barack Obama and Mitt Rom-ney. Specifically, the different ap-proaches they took in re acting to the storm that hit days before the presidential election (Ad-dullah, 2012, Oct. 29; Crowley, 2012, Oct. 29; Ekwurzel, Good-man, & Murphy, 2012, Oct. 31).

Images: (Goodman, 2012). (Crowley, 2012).

In an article published by De-mocracy Now!, which is the transcript of Amy Goodman in-terviewing Brenda Ekwurzel, a climate scientist, and Tim Mur-phy, reporter for Mother Jones, they talk about Romney’s vow to cut FEMA from the federal budget (Ekwurzel, Goodman, & Murphy, 2012, Oct. 30). De-mocracy Now! also explains the lack of climate issues be

ing discussed by both parties during the campaign (Belalia & Goodman, 2012, Oct. 30). CNN also discuss-es how the candidates are reacting by having experts comment on Obama’s with-drawal from campaigning during the storm in or-der to look “presidential” (Crowley, 2012 Oct. 29). CNN also has a com

ment from David Gergen, a professor of public service at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, stating that Rom-ney should continue to cam-paign and Obama was being deceptive by canceling his cam-paigns in Florida and Colora-do (Addullah, 2012, Oct. 29).

What are the differences within the articles from CNN and Democracy Now!

CNN and Democracy Now! cover the same topic in different ways. Every article pub-lished by Democracy Now! was a transcript and video of the broadcast. The articles that CNN published were distributed on-line and made up of subtopics, quotes, hy-perlinks to Twitter accounts, and electoral polls and maps.

What are the similarities

within the arti-cles from CNN and Democracy

Now!?

will be a good exam-ple of similarities and dif-ferences in news sources. More specifically, it will show the differences between CNN and Democracy Now!, which are both meant to portray either the corporate side of news and the independent side of news.

Similarities through-out every article in this study included time frame and on-line publishing. Both sources have input from experts and use them in their published work.

12 News Coverage

DEMOCRACY freedom Democracy Now’s broadcasts were all interviews where the lead anchor, Amy Goodman, sat down with dif-ferent writers, politicians, “en-vironmental ambassadors” and more. Amy Goodman’s broad-cast consisted of her questions and in-depth responses from her experts or guests (Anesteus, Cadena, Goodman, & Meshei-wat, 2012, Nov. 6; Barrett, & Goodman, 2012 Nov. 2; Bela-lia & Goodman, 2012, Oct. 30). CNN’s articles consist of a CNN employee who quotes many other politicians (Ad-dullah, 2012, Oct. 2; Crowley & Steinhauser, 2012, Oct. 29; Wallace, 2012, Nov. 1; Mooney, 2012, Oct. 30). The CNN ar-ticles consisted of many single quotes taken from politicians, professors, and writers (Crow-ley & Steinhauser, 2012, Oct. 29). Democracy Now! used Hurri-cane Sandy to talk about global warming and progressive chang-es that people need to make.

The articles asked many scien-tists to explain global warming to the public and demonstrate that it is happening. Amy Goodman brought in many climate activists to talk about federal relief and the science behind global warming in the world. They explain that the candidates should use this elec-tion to open up about the storm and issues at hand. Amy Good-man brings in “environmen-tal ambassadors”, and they talk about the changes people need to make and ways to overcome some of our environmental issue. The broadcasts are less about the specific storm and more about

what people can learn from it (Anesteus, Cadena, Goodman, & Mesheiwat, 2012, Nov. 6; .

Barrett, & Goodman, 2012, Nov. 2; Belalia, & Goodman, 2012, Oct. 30; Goodman & Klein, 2012, Nov. 5) The CNN articles cover topics about who will win the election based on how they react to the storm and what the candidates look like in their re-sponse to the storm. CNN cov-ers more details on the specific storms, such as how many people still need help and the amount of money it will cost. There is also a lot of detail about politicians and how the storm is affecting their relationships. Specifically, across parties like Chris Chris-tie backing up President Obama (Wallace, 2012, Nov. 1). The other call to action used in the CNN articles is the scrapping of campaigns due to the storm (Ad-dullah, 2012, Oct. 29; Cohen, 2012, Oct. 30; Crowley, 2012, Oct. 29; Crowley & Steinhaus-er, 2012, Oct. 29; Wallace, 2012, Nov. 1; Mooney, 2012, Oct. 30). The other difference in the tone of each source is the im-plied message. Democracy Now! directly implies that the envi-ronment is in need of a progres-sive change or these storms are going to become more prevalent and more detrimental (Anes-teus, Cadena, Goodman & Mesheiwat, 2012, Nov. 6; Bar-rett & Goodman, 2012 Nov. 2).

CNN is more forward with their messages because it uses quotes from specific pol-iticians without giving long explanations and context in-formation. For example, Newt Gingrich’s comments on Pres-ident Obama’s decision to cancel campaign events due to the hurricane, and his lack of canceling campaign events due to the Benghazi attack (Crowley, 2012, Oct. 29). This gives the article a message that can push the audience toward one political party (Mooney, 2012, Oct. 30; Crowley & Steinhauser, 2012, Oct. 29). This study found that the same topic coverage from two news sources has different in-formation. Both news sourc-es publish their articles on-line because they are looking to reach a broader audience and majority of Americans go to the Internet to receive their news (Americans Be-lieve Internet News Most, 2009; Grabowicz, 2014; Me-dia Coverage Analysis, 2011). Both companies use a lot of outside sources in or-der to inform the public about the issue of Hurricane San-dy. The study demonstrates the different angles and per-

suasive methods a news source can take to push their opinion on their audience. Democracy Now! Pub-lishes entire transcripts of in-terviews with experts, while CNN pulls quotes from politi-cians and others. The intention of sources each news outlet

talks with directly affects their articles. Democracy Now! chose to interview climate sci-entists, and CNN decided to interview politicians. Overall, CNN is more likely to cover politics and events that specifi-cally affect politics. Democracy Now! is going to take an event like Hurricane Sandy and use it to inform the public about issues such as global warming and the election’s lack of in-formation on global warming.

14 News Coverage

Is Media Conglomeration a real problem?

Media biases and con-glomeration are everywhere we look. I want you to realize that you do not always get the com-plete story from one source.

If there are quotes in the ar-ticles you are reading, you may not be receiving the entire story. The problems with quotes are that they can be taken out of context. Usually they are not explained completely or only part of the quote is added into the article.

The full record of what a person says, like a transcript, gives the audience access to all of the material. The access to transcrips and full expert records gives the audience the ability to create their own opinions. The opportunity to see all of the in-formation gives the sources more credibility because they are less likely to incorporate opinion.

“THE AUDIENCE does not always get the complete story.”

Full interviews give the facts more

credibility.

REBECCA DOWD

“It is in the hands of the future journalist to change the coloni-zation of the media.”

NEWS INDUSTRY

REFERENCE Adams, S., Anderson , M., Hitlin, P., Jurkowitz, M., Mitchell, A., Santhanam, L., & Vogt, N. (2012). The Changing TV News Landscape. State of the Media. Retrieved 2014, Feb. 19 from: http://sta teofthemedia.org/2013/special-reports-landing-page/the-changing-tv-news landscape/ Addullah, H. (2013). Looking presidential: The optics of leadership during a disaster. CNN. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/29/looking-presidential-the-op tics-of-leadership-during-a-disaster/?iref=storysearchAltheide, D. L. (1996). Ecology of communication: Cultural formats of control. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.Americans Believe Internet News Most. (2009, June). World Net Daily, Retrieved online on 2014, Feb.18 from: http://www.wnd.com/2009/06/101220/.Anesteus, A., Cadena, M., Goodman, A. & Mesheiwat, A. (2012, Dec.) With Future Imperiled, Youth Activists Demand Urgent Action at U.N. Climate Summit in Doha. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/12/6/with_future_imperiled_youth_ac tivists_demandBarrett, P. & Goodman, A. (2012, Nov). “It’s Global Warming, Stupid”. As Bloomberg Back Obama, News Media End Silence on Climate Change. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/11/2/its_global_warming_stupid_as_bloomberg Belalia, H. & Goodman, A. (2012, Nov). Climate Activists Call on Presidential Candidates to Address Global Warming as Pres. Obama Declares NYC Disaster Area. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/10/30/climate_activists_call_on_presi dential_candidatesChamplin, D., & Knoedler, J. (2006). The media, the news, and democracy: Revisiting the Dewey-Lip pman debate. Journal of Economic Issues, 40 (1), 135-152.Chanslor, M., Gobetz, R., & Scott, D. (2008). Chain versus independent television station ownership: Toward an investment model of commitment to local news quality. Communication Studies, 59(1), 84-98.Crowley C. (2012, Oct). Sandy introduces big unknown into campaign. CNN. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://sotu.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/29/sandy-introduces-big-unknown-into-campaign/ Crowley C. & Steinhauser, P. (2012, Oct). 5 things to watch in hurricane-wracked campaign. CNN. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/29/politics/sandy-politics-5-things/ Dickerson, D. L. (2003). Framing “political correctness”: The New York Times’ tale of two professors. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, Jr., & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (163-174). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.Dyson, T. (2009). Why News COrp has Made a mistake.Word Press. Retrieved 2012, April 12 from: http://timdyson.wordpress.com/category/newspapers/ Ekwurzel, B., Goodman, A. & Murphy, T. (2012 Oct). As Sandy Recovery Begins, Romney Draws Scrutiny for Campaign Vow to Gut FEMA, Emergency Relief. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http: www.democracynow.org/2012/10/31/as_sandy_recover_begins_romney_draws

News companies purpose-ly choose to talk to people who have the same opinions as them. We reocmmend you read from as many possible perspectives.

A lot of information was

investigated during this study but future research might expand by using more than one specific topicto gain a wider perspective.

I narrowed down on the specific differences and found that opinion influences news sources. It is in the hands of the future jour-nalist to change the colonization of the media. I believe we need to live in a society where journalists write for the public’s knowledge as opposed to writing to keep corporate owners in business.

16 News Coverage

Fairclough, K. (2004). Women’s work? Wife swap and the reality problem. Feminist Media Studies, 4, 344–347.Find that Logo. (n.d.). Image. Retrieved 2014, April from http://www.findthatlogo.com/cbs-logos/Goodman, A. (2012, Nov). Obama, Romney Cancel Campaign Events as Storm Nears. Democracy Now! Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.democracynow.org/2012/10/29/headlines#10293Global Ad Network. (n.d.). Image. Retrieved 2014, April from: http://www.buxjunction.com/ Grimmer, K., McCollough, K., & Harber, E. (2013). Advising brides: How bridal magazines frame cere monial and emotional crisis advice for women. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the 96th Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D.C. Grabowicz, P. (2014, Feb 16). Print and broadcast news and the internet. Kdmc Berkley, Retrieved 2014, Feb. 18 from: http://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/digital-transform/print- and-broadcast-news-vs-internet/ Hall, S. (1975). Introduction. In A. C. H. Smith (Ed.), Paper Voices: the popular press and social change, 1935_1965 (11-25). London: Chatto & Windus.Hertog, J., & McLeod, D. (2003). A multiperspectival approach to framing analysis: A field guide. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Gandy, Jr., & A. E. Grant (Eds.), Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world (139-161). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociatesHowley , K. (2008). Democracy Under Fire: the uses and abuses of democracy in the public sphere. Transformations, 16 (1-2). Klein, N. (2012, Nov). Sandy’s Devastation Opens Space for Action on Climate Change and Progressive Reform. Democracy Now!. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://www.democracynow. org/2012/11/15/naomi_klein_sandys_devastation_opens_space Logo Design Love. (n.d.).Image. Retrieved 2014, April 1 from: http://www.logodesignlove.com/ time-warnerMcConnell, C. (2005, Feb). Going to Where the Silence Is: Interview with Amy Goodman. Yes Magazine!. Retrieved 2014, Feb. 18 from: http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/media-that- set-us-free/going-to-where-the-silence-is-interview-with-amy-goodman. McKee, A. (2001). A beginner’s guide to textual analysis. Metro Magazine, 138-149.McKee, A. (2003). Textual analysis: A beginner’s guide. London: Sage.Media Coverage Analysis. (201l, April). King County Library System. Retrieved online on 2014, Feb. 19 from: https://www.kcls.org/about/board/2011/05242011/mediaanalysis.pdfMooney, A. (2012). Obama visits Red Cross: ‘Storm is not over yet’. CNN. Retrieved 2014, Feb 26 from: http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/30/obama-visits-red-cross-storm-is-not- yet-over/?iref=storysearchMsnbc. (n.d.). Image. Retrieved 2014, April 10 from msnbc.comNiemerg, A. (2013). Wi-Fi at Anthem’s Busiest Building. Anthem News. Retrieved 2014, April 1 from http://www.anthemnews.com/wi-fi-at-anthems-busiest-building/NY Time. (n.d.). Image. Retrieved 2014, April 11 from: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/news/business/ companies/news_corporation/ Palmer, L. (2013). “iReporting” an Uprising CNN and Citizen Journalism in Network Culture. Televsion & New Media, 14(5), 367-385. http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/media-that-set-us-ree/going- to-where-the-silence-is-interview-with-amy-goodman

Reese, S., & Lewis, S. (2009). Framing the war on terror: The internalization of policy in the U.S. press. Journalism: Theory, practice, and criticism, 10(6), 777-797.Sandelowski, M., Holditch-Davis, D., & Harris, B. G. (1992). Using qualitative and quantitative methods: The transition to parenthood of infertile couples. In J. F. Gilgun, K. J. Daly, & G. Handel (Eds.), Qualitative methods in family research (301-322). Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Schatzman L., & Strauss A.L. (1973). Field research: Strategies for a natural sociology. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.She Inspires you. (n.d.). Image. Retrieved 2014, April 10 from www.sheinspiresyou.com.auWallace, G. (2013). King blasts his own party over scrapped vote on Sandy relief measure. CNN. Re trieved 2014, Feb 25 From: http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2013/01/02/king-blasts-his-own- party-over-scrapped-vote-on-sandy-relief-measure/?iref=allsearch

18 News Coverage