Group 3Gretchen Amaro Armie Miergo Vanessa Diolata Mary Angel Destora Bristle Kaye Mirabueno

CHAPTER VIIINOLI ME TANGERE

February 21,1887- the first novel Noli Me Tangere wasfinished IDEA OF WRITING ON PHILIPPINES:

The reading of Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin- which portrays the brutalities of American slave-owners and the pathetic conditions of the unfortunate Negro, Slaves, inspired Dr. Jose Rizal to prepare a novel on the Philippines Rizal was a student in the Central University of Madrid Rizal proposed is writing of a novel about the Philippines during the reunion of Filipinos in the house of the Paternos in Madrid on January 2,1884

His proposal was unanimously approved by: 1. Pedro 2. Maximo 3. Antonio They were Paternos Graciano Lopez Jaena Evaristo Aguirre Julio Llorente Valentin Ventura Eduardo De Lete

The end of 1884-Rizal began writing the novel in madrid and he finished one half of it 1885 He went to Paris for completing his studies in the Universidad Central De Madrid He continued writing the novel, finishing the one half of the second half. GERMANY 1886 During the dark days While his spirit was at its lowest ebb, he almost threw the manuscript into the fire The novel was almost finished

He was desperately desponded because he saw no hope of having it to published for he was utterly penniless

FERNANDO CANON- friend of Rizal MID DECEMBERa telegram from Barcelona arrived THE TELEGRAM Sent by Dr. Maximo Viola, informing Rizal of his coming visit to Berlin

The message revived the authors Hope Dr. Maximo Viola A scion of a rich family of San Miguel Bulacan Would surely lend him the money for the publication of the novel The man had saved Noli Viola was a Godsend Viola came to Berlin to invite Rizal to join him in a tour of Europe When he learned of Rizals predicament, he kindly agreed to postponed the tour and instead, advanced some money so that the novel could be printed

1887 First edition of Noli Me Tangere was printed in Berlin P300.oo cost of printing (advance by Viola) for 2000 copies MARCH 29,1887 Rizal gave the Galley Proofs of the Noli A significant date for it was the date when the Noli Me Tangere came off the press NOLI ME TANGERE- a latin phrase which means Touch me not, from the bible

MARCH 1887Rizal writing to Felix R. Hidalgo in french Noli Me Tangere words taken from the gospel of St.Luke Rizal made a mistake. It should be the gospel of St. John, on the first Easter Sunday St. John(chapter 20:13-17)

ST.MARY MAGDALENE- visited the HolySepulchre, and to her our Lord Jesus, just arisen from the dead

The authors dedication. Rizal dedicated the Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines to my country his dedication runs as follows: Recorded in the history of human sufferings is a cancer so malignant a character that the least touch irritates it and awakens in it the sharpest pains. Thus, how many times, when in the midst of modern civilization i have wished to call thee before me, now to accompany me in memories

Now to compare thee with other countries, hath thy dear image presented itself showing a social cancer like a to that other! desiring thy welfare which our own, an seeking the best treatments, i will do with thee what the ancient did with their seek exposing them on the steps of the temple so that everyone who came to invoke the divinity might ofer them a remedy.

and to this end, i will strive to reproduce thy condition faithfully, without discrimination, i will raise a part of the veil that covers the evil, sacrificing to truth everything, even vanity itself. Since, as thy son i am conscious that i also suffer from thy defects and weaknesses.

NOLI ME TANGERE Contains 63 chapters and an epilogue It begins the reception given by Captain Tiago (Santiago De Los Santos) at his house in Calle Anloague ( Now Juan Luna Street) on the last day of October CRISOSTOMO IBARRA A young and rich Filipino who had just turn after 7 years of study in Europe

The reception or dinner was given in honor of Crisostomo Was only son of Don Rafael Ibarra DON RAFAEL IBARRA Friend of CapitanTiago and fiance of beautiful Maria Clara supposed daugther of Capitan Tiago GUEST DURING RECEPTION 1. Padre Damaso- a Franciscan Friar who had been priest of San Diego( Calamba), Ibarras native town for 20 years

2. Padre Sibyla- a young dominican parish priest of Binondo 3. Senor Guevara- an elderly and kind lieutenant of the GuardiaCivil DON TIBURCIO de ESPADANA- a bogus Spanish Physician , lame, and henpecked husband of Dona Victorina and several ladies. PADRE DAMASO- was in a bad mood because he got a bony neck and hard wing of the chicken Tinola. - he tried to discredit Ibarras remarks.

=AFTER DINNER=Ibarra Left captain Tiagos house to return to his hotel. On the way, the kind lieutenant Guevarra told him the sad story of his fathers death in San Diego. Don Rafael his father, was a rich and brave man. He defended a helpless boy from the brutality of a illiterate Spanish tax collector, pushing the latter and accidentally killing him. He was thrown in prison, where he died unhappily.

He was buried in consecrated ground but his enemies, accusing him of being a heretic, had his body removed from the cemetery. On hearing his fathers sad story, Ibarra thanked the kind Spanish lieutenant and vowed to find out the truth about his fathers death.

=THE FOLLOWING MORNING=Ibarra, visited Maria Clara, his childhood sweetheart Maria Clara teasingly said that he had forgotten her because the girls in Germany were beautiful, then Ibarra replied that he had never forgotten her. After the romantic reunion with Maria Clara, Ibarra went to San Diego to visit his fathers grave. It was All Saints Day..at the cemetery, the grave digger told Ibarra that the corpse of Don Rafael was removed by order of the parish priest to be buried in the Chinese cemetery.

But the corpse was heavy and it was a dark rainy night so that he simply threw the corpse into the lake. Ibarra was angered by the grave-diggers story. He left the cemetery. On the way, he met Padre Salvi Franciscan parish priest of San Diego. In a flash, Ibarra pounced on the priest , demanding redness for desecrating his fathers mortal remains. PADRE SALVI- told him that he had nothing to do with it, for he was not the parish priest at the time of Don Rafaels death.

It was Padre Damaso, his predecessor, who was responsible for it. Convinced of Padre Salvis innosence, Ibarra went away. In his town, Ibarra met several interesting people, such as the wise old man Tasio the Sage, whose ideas were too advanced for his times so that the people, who could not understand him, called him Tasio the Lunatic. The progressive school teacher, who complied to Ibarra that the children were losing interest in thier studies because of lack f a proper schoolhouse and discouraging attitude of the parish priest toward teaching of Spanish and the use of modern method of PEDAGOGY.

The spineless gobernadorcillo, who catered to wishes of the Spanish priest: 1. Don Filipo Lino- the teniente mayor and leader of the liberal function in the town. 2. Don Melchor- the captain of the cuadrilleros(town police).

Former Gobernadorcillo who were prominent citizens: 1. Don Basilio 2. Don Valentin

Most tragic story in the novel is the tale of Sisa, who was formerly a rich girl but became poor because when she married a gambler.

SISA- became crazy because she lost her two boys. BASILIIO AND CRISPIN- only joys of her wretched life. These boys were sacristans(sextons) in the church, working for a small wage to support their poor mother. CRISPIN- the younger of the two brothers, was accused by the brutal sacristan mayor(chief tortured) in the convent and died.

BASILIO- with his brothers dying cries ringing in his ears, escaped. when the two boys did not return home, Sisa looked for them everywhere and in her great sorrow, she became mad. Capitan Tiagos cousin who took care of Maria Clara, after her mothers death arrived in San Diego. Ibarra and his friends gave picnic, were Maria Clara and her four girl friends. The Merry Sinang The Grave Victoria The Beautiful Iday The Thoughtful Neneng

AUNT ISABEL- chaperon of Maria Clara CAPITANA TIKA- mother of Sinang ADENG- foster-sister of Maria Clara ALBINO- the ex-theological student who was in love with Sinang and Ibarra and his Friends. ELIAS- one of boatmen was a strong silent, pleasant youth. An accident of the picnic was the saving of Elias life by Ibarra. ELIAS- bravely grappled with the crocodile which was caught in the fish corral, but crocodile struggled furiously so that Elias could not subdue it.

Ibarra jumped into the water and killed the crocodile, thereby saving Elias. Another accident, which preceded the abovementioned neat-tragic culture incident, was the rendering of a beautiful song by Maria Clara who had a sweet voice. Upon the insistent request of her friends, she played the sharp and sang. The Song of Maria Clara Sweet are the hours in ones native land, Where all is dear the sunbeams bless; Life-giving breezes sweep he strand.

And death is softened by Loves cares Warm kisses play on mother Lips, On her fond, tender breast awakening; When round her neck the soft arm slips. And bright eyes smile, all love partaking Sweet is death for ones native land, Where all is dear the sunbeans bless:

AFTER MARIA CLARAS SONG AND THE CROCODILE INCIDENT, THEY WENT A SHORE THEY MADE MERRY IN THE COOL,WOODED MEADOWS. Padre Salvi Capitan Basilio(former gobernadorcillo and Sinangs father) Alferez(lieutenant of guardia civil) Town officials were present THE MEAL OVER Ibarra and Capitan Basilio played chess. Maria Clara and friends played the Wheel of Chance(game based on a fortune telling book).

AFTER A SEARGENT AND FOUR SOLDIERS OF THE GUARDIA CIVIL SUDDENLY ARRIVED, LOOKING FOR ELIAS, WHO HAS HUNTED FOR 1. Assaulting Padre Damaso 2. Throwing the Alferez into the mud hole.

Fortunately, Elias has disappeared and the Guardia civil went away empty handed. During the picnic also, Ibarra received a telegram from the Spanish authorities notifying him of the approval of his donation of a schoolhouse for the children of San Diego.

The next day Ibarra visited old Tasio to consult him on his pet project about the schoolhouse. He sar the old mans writings were written in heiroglyphics. Tasio explained to him that he wrote hieroglyphics because he was writing for the future generations who would understand them and say: NOT ALL WERE ASLEEP IN THE NIGHT OF OUR ANCESTORS. NOR JUAN- an architect continued the construction of school house.

San Diego was preparing for its annual fiesta, in Honor of its patron saint San Diego de Alcala whos feast day is the 11the of November. On the eve of the fiesta, hundreds of visitors arrived from nearby towns, and there were laughter, music, exploding bombs, feasting and moro-moro. The music was furnished by: 1. 5 brass bands(including the famous Pagsanjan Band owned by escribano Miguel Guevarra.) 2. 3 orchestras

In the morning of the fiesta there was a high mass in the church; officiated by Padre Salvi. Padre Damaso gave the long sermon, in which he expatiated on the evils of the times that were caused by certain men who having tested same education. After Padre Damasos sermon, the mass was continued by Padre Salvi. Elias quietly moved Ibarra, who was kneeling and praying my Maria Claras side, and warned him to be careful during the ceremony of the lying of the cornerstone of the school house because there is a plot to kill him.

Elias- suspected that the yellowish man built the derrick, was a paid stooge Ibarras enemies. True to his suspicion , later in the day when Ibarra in the presence of a big crowd, went down into trench to cement the cornerstone, the derrick collapse. Elias quick as a flash pushed him aside, saving his life. the yellowish man was the one crushed to death by the shattered derrick.

At the dinner that night. The arrogant Padre Damaso, speaking in the presence of many guest, insulted the memory of Ibarras father. Ibarra jumped from his seat, knocked down the fat friar with his first and then seized with sharp knife. He would killed the friar, were it not far the timely intervention of Maria Clara.

Ibarras attack on Padre Damaso produced 2 results: 1. His engagement to Maria Clara was broken. 2. He was excommunicated.

=THE FIESTA OVER=MARIA CLARA- became ill - treated by the quack physician Tiborcio de Espadana. DOCTORA DONA VICTORINA de LAS REYES De ESPADANA Wife of Tiburcio de Espadana A vain, frustrated native woman A frequent visitor on Capitan Tiagos house

Had halucinations of being superior Castilica. She looked down on her own people as inferior being. She added another de to her husband to become more spanish.

DON ALFONSO LINARES DE ESPADANA cousin of Don Tiburcio de Espadana Godson of Padre Damasos brother in law. A touch of comedy in the novel was the fight bet. 1. Dona consolacion- the vulgar mistress of the Spanish alferez

2. Dona Victorina- flam-boyantly dresses wife of a henpecked Spanish quack doctor. STORY OF ELIAS Tale of pathos and tragedy He related it to Ibarra Some 60 years ago his grandfather His grandfather who was a young bookkeeper in a Spanish commercial firm in Manila. Was wrongly accused of burning the firms warehouse.

Was a plogged in public and was left in the street, crippled and almost dead. His wife Who was pregnant Begged for alms Become a prostitute in order to support his sick husband and son. After giving birth to her second and the death of her husband, she fled with her two sons to the mountain.

=YEARS LATER= FIRST BOY Became a dreaded tulisan named Balat. He terrorized the provinces. His head was cut off and was hung from the tree branch in the forest. YOUNG BROTHER Who was by nature kind-hearted. Fled and became a trusted laborer in the house of a rich man in Tayabas. He fell in love with the Master daughter.

Unfortunate lover(Elias Father) Was sent to jail while the girl gave birth to twins a boy(Elias) and a girl. Elias Educated in the Jesuit College in Manila His sister studied in La Concordia College

They lived happily until one day, over money matters; distant relatives exposed their shame full birth. They were disgraced. An old male servant whom they used to abuse, was forced to testify in court and the truth came out that he was their real father. Elias and his sister left Tayabas to hide their shame in another place. One day his sister disappeared. Elias roamed from place to place looking for her. He heard later that a girl answering to his sisters description, was found on the beach of San Diego.

Elias, learning of Ibarras arrest, burned all papers that might incriminate his friends and set Ibarras house on fire. Then he went to prison and helped Ibarra escape. He and Ibarra jumped into a BANCA loaded with ZACATE (grass). Ibarra stopped to Capitan Tiago to say goodbye to Maria Clara. After bidding Maria Clara farewell, Ibarra returned to the Banca . He and Elias paddled up the Pasig river toward Laguna de Bay. A police boat with the Guardia civil on board. Elias told Ibarra to hide under zacate.

Elias jumped into the water and swam swiftly toward the shore. He diverted the attention of the soldiers on his person giving Ibarra a chance to escape.

Elias seriously wounded, reached he shore and went into the forest. He met a boy Basilio, weeping over his mothers body. He told Basilio to make a pyre on which their bodies were to burned to ashes.

It was Christmas eve and the moon gleamed softly in the sky. Basilio prepared the funeral pyre. Elias looked toward the east and murmured I die with out seeing the dawn brighten over my native land. You who have it to see, welcome it and forget not those who have fallen during the night. The novel was an epilogue which recounts what happened to the other characters. Maria Clara-entered the Santa Clara nunnery Padre Salvi- left parish San Diego and became a chaplain of the nunnery.

Padre Damaso- transferred to remote province but he was found dead in his bedroom. Capitan Tiago- became an opium addict and a human wreck. Dona Victorina- still henpecking poor Don Tiburcio. - wearing eye glass because weakening eyesight. Linares- died of dysentery. -buried in Paco cemetery. Alferez- was promoted Major. -he returned to Spain -leaving his shabby mistress Dona Consolacion

=THE NOVEL ENDS WITH MARIA CLARA, UNHAPPY IN STA CLARA NUNNERY.FOREVER LOST IN THE WORLD.=(Noli based on truth) Noli ME TANGERE True story of Philippine conditions during the last decades of Spanish rule. Places, character and situation really exist.

=THE CHARACTERS=MARIA CLARA- was Leonor Rivera IBARRA and ELIAS- represented Rizal himself TASIO the SAGE- was his elder brother (Paciano). PADRE SALVI- identified by Rizalist as Padre Antonio Piernavieja. CAPITAN TIAGO- was Capitan Hilario Sunico of San Nicholas. DONA VICTORINA- was Dona Agustina Medel BASILIO and CRISPIN- were Crisostomo brother of Hogonoy.

PADRE DAMASO- was typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, supercilious and Anti-Filipino.

RIZAL FRIENDS PRAISE THE NOLI Friends of Rizal hailed the novel, praising it in glowing colors. Rizal anticipated the vitriolic attacks of his enemies, who were sore to be told the truth of the evil ways. In Rizal own words. The government and the friars will probably attacking on the work, refusing the statement, but the trust in the God of Truth and in the persons who have actually seen our sufferings.

=COPIES OF NOLI WERE SENT BY RIZAL TO...=Blumentritt Regidor Hidalgo Mariano Ponce Graciano Lopez Jaena Aguirre

=MORE COPIES WERE CRATED AND SENT TO...=

BARCELONA MADRID HONGKONG

CHAPTER IX ELIAS AND SALOME THE MISSING CHAPTER OF THE NOLI

Few people know that there is a missing chapter in the printed Noli Me Tangere, this chapter was included in the original manuscript, written in Rizals own handwriting However, it was crossed out in blue pencil so that it was deleted from the printed novel.

WHY RIZAL DELETES THE CHAPTER?

It should be recalled that Rizal was in dire financial situation in Berlin during the days when he was putting the finishing touches to the Noli. He knew that the cost of printing is in proportion with the number of pages of the manuscript. Accordingly, he rewrote several chapters making them more compact so that he could economize on the number of pages. He deleted one whole chapter without destroying the story of the novel and this chapter was Elias and Salome

ECONOMIC was the only reason why this particular chapter was deleted. Elias was adversely affected. It seems that Rizal considered Ibarra a more important character although Elias was nobler. He even killed Elias in the novel and let Ibarra live. Later, he repented having killed Elias. He wrote im sorry i have killed Elias instead of Crisostomo Ibarra . But when Rizal wrote the Noli his health was very bad and he never believe that he could wrote the continuation and talk about revolution.

He have preserve the life of Elias a nobler character, a patriot, unselfish and self-sacrificing, the necessary qualities for a man to lead a revolution. Crisostomo Ibarra was an egoist who decided to provoke a rebellion only when he was injured through his property, his person, his love and all that he held sacred. Success cannot be expected for the enterprise of a man like that.

SYNOPSIS OF THE MISSING CHAPTER

In a nipa hut by the placid lake, Salome a winsome girl in her early teens sat on the bamboo batalan sewing a camesa of bright colors. She was waiting for Elias to arrived. She was beautiful like the flowerets that grow wild not attracting attention at first glance but whose beauty is revealed when we examined them carefully. When she heard footsteps, she laid aside her sewing, went to the bamboo stair way.

Salome noticed her lover was sad and Pensive. She tried to console him; asking about the girls @ the picnic which the Guardia Civil soldiers disturbed looking for him. Elias told her that there were many beautiful girls among whom was Maria Clara, the sweetheart of a rich young man who just came from Europe. Afterwards, the young man rose preparing to leave, speaking in a soft voice, he said Good-bye, Salome, The sun is setting and it wont appear good for the people to know that night over took me here.

Salome was crying, for soon she would leave this house where she grew up. She explained : It is not right for me to live alone. Ill go to live with my relatives in Mindoro. Soon Ill be able to pay the debt my mother left me when she died...to give up this house in which one was born and has grown up is something more than giving up ones being. A typhoon will come , a freshet and everything will go to the lake. Elias remained silent for a moment, then he held her hands, and asked her: Have you heard anyone speak ill of you? Have I sometimes worried you? Not that either? Then you are tired with my friendship & want to drive me away.

Salome answered: No, dont talk like that. I am not tired of your friendship. God knows that I am satisfied with my lot. I only desire health that I may work. I dont envy the rich, the wealthy, but... But what? Nothing. I dont envy them as long as I have your friendship .....Then they have conversation. Then Elias said to Salome Forget me, Forget a love so mad & futile. Perhaps youll meet there one who is not like me

Elias , exclaimed the girl reproachfully. You have misunderstood me; I speak to you as I would speak to my sister if she were alive; in my words there is not a single complaint against you. Take my advice, go home to your relatives. Here you have no one but me, & the day when I fall into the hands with my pursuers, you will be left alone for the rest of you life. improve your youth & beauty to get a good husband, such as you deserve for you dont know what it is to live among men

Salome was thinking that Elias go with her. Elias then narrated what happened earlier @ the picnic that morning; how he was saved by Ibarra from the jaws of a crocodile. To show his gratitude, he vowed to repay the good deed done by Ibarra to the extend with sacrificing his life. He explained that anywhere he would go, even to Mindoro, the past would still be discovered, sooner or later. Well then, Salome said, looking @ him tenderly: at least when Im gone, live here, stay in the house. It will make you remember me; and I will not think in that

distant land that the hurricane had carried my hunt to the lake. When my thoughts turns to these shores. The memory of you and of my house will appear to me together. Sleep where I have slept & dream it will be as though I were beside you. Oh exclaimed Elias, waving his hand in desperation, Woman, youll make me forget.

After disengaging himself from her tender embrace, he left with a heavy heart, following the shadows of somber tree in the twilight. She followed her with her gazed, listening sadly to the fading footsteps in the gathering darkness.

------------------------oOo--------------------------

CHAPTER XRIZAL'S TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA 1887

THE TOUR BEGINS....At dawn of May 11,1887, Rizal and Viola left Berlin by train. Ideal season for travel, spring was in the air and all over Europe the flowers were blooming, the meadows were turning green and the villages were humming with activity. Their destination was DRESDEN one of the best cities in Germany.

DRESDEN....They visited the regional floral exposition. Rizal was interested in botany, studied the numerous plant varieties of extraordinary beauty and size. They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, who overjoyed to see them in the museum of art, which they also visited. Rizal was very impressed by a painting of PROMETHEUS BOUND and recall seeing a representation of the same idea. Dr. Jagor, heard the plan of Rizal and Viola to visit LEITMERITZ,in order to see Blumentritt.

Dr. Jagor advised them to wire Blumentritt of their coming because the old professor was of a nervous disposition and might suffer a shock.

TRESCHEN....(ZECHOSLOVAKIA) Their next stop-over after leaving Dresden Rizal and Viola sent a wire to Blumentritt, as suggestion of Dr. Jagor.

FIRST MEETING WITH BLUMETRITTAt 1:30 pm of May 13,1887 they arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz, Bohemia. Professor Blumentritt had received the wire and he was at the station. He was carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal that he sent to him, so that he could identify his Filipino friend. He warmly received Rizal and Viola. Blumentritt was kind-hearted, old Austrian professor. He immediately took Rizal into his heart loving him as a son. He was a genial Host, he help Rizal and Viola to get a room at hotel KREBS then he brought them into his home

And introduce to them his wife and they stayed in the Leitmeritz from MAY 13-17, 1887 BEAUTIFUL MEMORIES OF LEITMERITZ He enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Blumentritt family. The professors wife Rosa was a good looking as she prepared a special Austrian dishes. His children was Dolores called Dorita by Rizal, Conrad, and Fritz. Blumentritt proved to be a great tourist guide as well as hospitable host. One afternoon he invited them to a beer garden were the best beer of Bohemia was served.

At the near table there was a lively discussions among drinkers and one of the men in the group was BurgoMaster town mayor. Rizal met burgomaster and Rizal talked to him in fluent German were burgomaster and his friends were amazed. It took 11 months for Rizal to learn to speak German were he applauded with his privileged talent. He met renowned scientist of Europe Dr.CZEPELAK was a polish scholar and also a Professor KLUTSCHAK, and eminent naturalist. Rizal and Viola reciprocate On their last night Blumentritt hospitality.

May 17 @ 9:45am Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train . PRAGUE..... They carried letter of recommendation from Blumentritt to Dr.Wellkomm, a professor of natural history in the University of Prague. Rizal and Viola visited the tomb of Copernicus, the famous astronomer; the museum of the natural history; the bacteriological laboratories; the famous cave where San Juan Nepomuceno, the catholic saint was imprisoned.

VIENNA....On May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived in the beautiful city of Vienna, capital of Austria- Hungry. Vienna was truly the Queen of the Danube. Rizal and Viola met Norfenfals, one of the greatest novelist in Europe. They visited the Cities interesting places such as Churches, museum, art galleries, theater and public parks. They met the 2 good friends of Blumentritt namely Masner and Nordman Austrian scholars.

DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ...May 25,Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat to see the beautiful sights of Danube river. The passengers on the river boat were using paper napkins during the meals.

FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL.... They travelled over land to SALZBURG, and from their to MUNICH.

FROM MUNICH TO NUREMBERG.... Nuremberg is one of the oldest cities of Germany. They saw the horrible torture machines used by the inquisition. They were impressed by the manufacture of dolls which was the biggest industry of the city. ULM.... After Munich they visited Ulm. The cathedral of this city was The largest and the tallest in all Germany.

From Ulm to Stuttgart,Baden and then Rheinfall. At rheinfall they saw the waterfall the most beautiful waterfall in Europe.

CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO SWITZERLAND... From Rheinfall, the crossed the frontier to SCHAFFHAUSEN, Switzerland. They stayed in the city from June 2-3,1887. They continued the tour to BASSEL,BERN and LAUSANNE.

GENEVA....This Swiss city is one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. People of Geneva were linguists, speaking French, German and Italian. Rizal and Viola went boating in the lake. On JUNE 19,1887 Rizal treated Viola to a blowout because it was his 26th birthday According to a Filipino custom he gave a nice meal to celebrate his Natal day.

JUNE 23 They parted ways------Viola returned to Barcelona while Rizal continued his tour to Italy. ITALY.... He visited to Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence. June 27,1887 he reached Rome The City of Ceasars. JUNE29,1887 The Feast day of St. Peter and St.Paul that Rizal visited for the first time The Vatican The city of the POPES.

And the capital of Christendom. He was deeply impressed by the magnificent edifices, particularly St. Peters Church, the rare works of art, the vast St.Peters square, the colourful papal guards. AFTER A WEEK of wonderful sojourn in Rome he prepared to return to the Philippines ad he already written to his father that he was coming home.

THANK YOU!Group 3 OUT