new movements 2007 - faculty.baruch.cuny.edu
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Lecture 6
New Movements in Twentieth-Century Architecture and Design: Cubism,
Futurism, and Expressionism
Kasimir Malevich, The Knife Grinder,
1912
Marcel Duchamp'sNude Descending a
Staircase
The Overlapping of Cubism and Futurism and their Relevance to Architecture
the fragmentation of forms (derived from Cubism)the focus on movement (from Futurism)
the bold colors and lines (from Neo-primitivism)a general departure from objectivity, with an emphasis on individual creativity.
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Josef Chochol, Prague apartment house, 1913-14
“We declare that the splendor of the world has been enriched by a new beauty-the beauty of, speed. A racing car with its hood draped with exhaust pipes like fire-
breathing serpents – a roaring racing car, rattling along like a machine gun, is more beautiful than the winged victory of Samothrace.”
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti 1876-1944 (seen below in a “Futurist Portrait” 1930)
Umberto Boccioni, Unique Form of Continuity in Space, 1913We go all the way back to the first universal sensation that our spirit can already
perceive thanks to the extremely intense synthesis of all the senses in a universal whole which will make us return through and beyond our millennial complexity, to primordial
simplicity."
"It is achieved through the intuitive search for the one single form which produces continuity in space."
Umberto Boccioni’s visual transcriptions of energy help artists think about the representation of movement in a variety of forms and materials
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Antonio Sant’Elia, Project for a station for airplanes and
tranes with funicular lifts connecting to
three levels of streets,” Italy, 1914
(Stazione d'aeroplani e treni
ferroviari con funicolari e
ascensori su tre piani stradali)
Antonio Sant’Elia La Citta Nuova (The New City),
1914
Sant’Elia, Project for an Electrical Power
Station, 1914
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Nicola Djulgheroff
Lighthouse to mark the victory of the machine, 1927
Piero Portaluppi, Studies for dwellings and offices in "Hellytown" (1926)
Giacomo Matté-Trucco, FIAT Lingotto car factory (1916-1926)
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Bruno Taut, “Crystal Mountain,” Alpine Architecture, 1919
Bruno Taut, Various projects for a “City Crown” (Stadtkrone), 1919-20, a new expressionist
iteration of a cultural acropolis
Hermann Finsterlin, project for a house of glass, 1920
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Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum, Bilbao, Spain, 1986-1997
Frank Gehry, Mixed-use Office and Residential Building, Prague, 1996 (the “Fred and Ginger” Building)
Bruno Taut, Pavilion for the Glass Industry “Luxfer”
Syndicate, 1914, Cologne Werkbund Exposition
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Bruno Taut, Pavilion for the Glass Industry “Luxfer” Syndicate, 1914, Cologne Werkbund Exposition, longitudinal section
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Project for a Glass High
Rise, 1922, Berlin Friedrichstrasse.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Project for a Glass High Rise, 1922, Berlin Friedrichstrasse, view of model as reconstructed by MoMA.
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Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Project for a Glass High Rise, 1922, Berlin Friedrichstrasse, view of alternative design
Erich Mendelsohn(1887-1953), the adaptable curves,
glass, and dynamism of form in projects such as
the Einstein Tower Observatory, Potsdam,
Germany, 1921
Mendelsohn, Schocken
Department Store, Stuttgart, 1926
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Rudolf Petersdorff Department Store, Breslau, 1927/28
Night view of another Schocken Department Store by Mendelson –note the effects of his ‘Lichtarchitektur’ (light architecture) and the purposely achieved transparency of the floor-to-ceiling shop
windows on the ground floor
Piet Mondrian, Dutch Modernist painter, 1872-1944An important contributor to 20th-century abstract painting and the Dutch De Stijl
movement. His journey from realism to Impressionism to abstraction represents a major moment in the evolution of 20th-century artistic expression in painting. Contemporary
Photograph, “Live Oak” – very similar to Mondrian’s early hyper-realist graphite sketches of trees and views of the forest executed in the 1890s
Piet Mondrian, Red Trees, 1908
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Piet Mondrian (Dutch), Study of Trees, 1913
Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910
Piet Mondrian, The Red Tree, 1910, detail
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Piet Mondrian, The Grey Tree, 1911
Piet Mondrian, Trees, 1912
Piet Mondrian, Flowering Tree, 1912
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Piet Mondrian, Line and Color, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1915
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Piet Mondrian, Composition, 1921
Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie, 1943
Theo van Doesburg, Project for the “Cinema Dance Hall,” perspective view, Strasbourg, France, 1928
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Theo van Doesburg, Cinema Dance Hall, Strasbourg, France, 1928
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht (Holland), 1924, exterior view
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Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, ground floor plan
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, second floor plan (note retractable partitions)
Gerritt Rietveld, Schroeder House, Utrecht, 1924, interior view