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TYPOLOGY OF THE SUPPLY CHAINS OF NONWOO D FORES T PRODUC TS IN CENTRAL SERBIA

Abstract: Modern economies are characterized by a growing importance of cooperation and the creation of networks of enterprises, organizations and institutions, which are all part of a supply chain, in order to achieve competitive advantage in a market. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of the

, , 2013, . 108, . 145168

BIBLID: 03534537, (2013), 108, p 145168

UDK: 630*684:630*89(497.11)

DOI: 10.2298/GSF1308147N

, . , - , , . , - , , . . , -, - - ,

Noni D., Rankovi N., Nedeljkovi J. 2013. Typology of the supply chains of non-woo d fores t produc ts in Central Serbia. Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry 108: 145168.

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146

supply chains of nonwood forest products in selected forest areas of Central Serbia (Golijsko, Podrinjskokolubarsko, Posavskopodunavsko, Rasinsko and Tarskozlatiborsko FAs). The comparative method was applied in this paper, along with the method of specialization (classification), the method of structural partial analysis (supply chain analysis) and the statistical method (analysis of frequencies and twostep cluster). The data collection was conducted in 2011, by using the technique of doortodoor survey. The analysis of the basic types of the supply chains of nonwood forest products and their main stages (purchasing, processing and placement) was conducted in the selected areas. A cluster analysis showed that there were six basic types of supply chains in the selected forest areas and one dominant type.Key words: tipology, supply chain, nonwood forest products, Serbia

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1. ()Map 1. Selected forest areas (FAs)

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Table 1. Number of NWFPbased SMEs in forest areas (Belgrade and umadija and Western Serbia region)Serbia region)

Forest area

/ of SMEs

Total

Active

SurveyedSurveyed 3 1 1 21 15 11 4 2 2 6 5 3 3 1 1 15 11 7 22 13 12 21 17 12 19 9 9 3 1 0

117 75 58

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1. Diagram 1. Share of the stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs

I

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Diagram 2. Individual and average share of stages and substages of NWFPs supply chains in selected FAs in % ( purchase, processing placement)

-

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2. ( %) ( %)Table 2. Share of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)hare of enterprises by stages of NWFPs supply chain in selected FAs (in %)

Characteristics of supply

chain stageschain stages

/ FAs

.

.

72,7 57,1 58,3 66,7 66,7 45,5 14,3 50,0 25,0 44,4 63,6 42,9 41,7 91,7 77,8 18,2 42,9 8,3 0 33,3 45,5 28,6 25,0 16,7 66,7 9,1 0 25,0 0 0

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3. Table 3. Characteristics of NWFPs purchaseCharacteristics of NWFPs purchaseCharacteristics of NWFPs purchaseCharacteristics of NWFPs purchase

Characteristics

/ FAs

100 85,785,7 54,554,5 75 55,655,6. . (). . (). . () 50 33 107 29 41

81,8 85,7 27,3 50,0 66,7 9,1 16,7 22,2 18,2 27,3 25,0 14,3 36,4 8,3 11,1

90,9 85,7 63,6 66,7 88,9 63,6 71,4 81,8 66,7 66,7

. . ( . . ( . . ( km)) 67 10,0 120,0 75,0 30,0

54,5 0,0 16,7 8,3 22,2

81,8 57,1 41,7 66,7 55,6

72,7 14,3 50,0 50,0 66,7

18,2 0,0 16,7 25,0 33,3 0,00,0 0,00,0 0,00,0 0,00,0 22,222,2

:

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Diagram 3. Distribution of answers to the question How would you evaluate the collaboration with the collectors?

0102030405060

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4. Table 4. Technical equipment in SMEs

Type of equipment

/ FAs

% 72,7 42,9 25,0 83,3 44,4 . 12 16 5 9 10

% 63,6 28,6 33,3 58,3 44,4 . 14 12 4 8 14

% 100,0 100,0 91,7 91,7 100,0 . 7 9 2 9 3

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Diagram 4. Distribution of answers to the question What are the main problems in the collaboration with the collectors?

010203040506070807080

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Diagram 5. Distribution of answers to the question Do you have final products?

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5. ( %)Table 5. Number of enterprises according to export destinations of NWFPs (in %)

Export destination

/ FAs

66,7 50,0 60,0 70,0 25,0 66,7 75,0 60,0 80,0 50,0 33,3 0,0 40,0 40,0 25,0

22,2 50,0 60,0 40,0 25,0 11,1 50,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 0,0 25,0 20,0 10,0 25,0

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Diagram 6. Distribution of answers to the question How is the transport to the delivery point organized?

%

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Diagram 7. Distribution of answers to the question Is the NWFPs market stable at the moment?

%

0102030405060708090

100

159

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6. ( %) ( %)Table 6. Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %) Share of NWFPs supply chain types in selected fores areas (in %)

Supply

chain typechain type

/ FAs

1 / 71,4 41,7 58,3 66,7 2 36,4 / 41,7 41,7 / 3 63,6 / / / / 4 / 28,6 / / / 5 / / 16,6 / / 6 / / / / 33,3

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8. Diagram 8. Types of supply chains in selected FAs

1 2 3 4 5 6

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Diagram 9. A typical supply chain of NWFPs (with a substage collection)

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Beograd

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Dragan NoniNenad RankoviJelena Nedeljkovi

TYPOLOGY OF THE SUPPLY CHAINS OF NONWOOD FOREST PRODUCTS IN CENTRAL SERBIA

Su m ma r ySo far, there have not been any significant researches in Serbia on the types of NWFPs sup

ply chains and stages (supply, processing and placement). For that reason, the aim of this study was to determine the structure and typology of the supply chains of nonwood forest products (NWFPs) in selected forest areas (FAs) of central Serbia (Golijsko, Podrinjskokolubarsko, Posavskopodunavsko, Rasinsko and Tarskozlatiborsko FAs). A doortodoor survey was conducted in 2011. The questionnaire consisted of 16 closed, open and Likert scale questions, divided into three groups: 1) purchase, 2) processing and 3) placement of NWFPs. The data analysis (descriptive statistics and cluster analysis) was performed using Excel and SPSS.

The cluster analysis showed that there were six main types of NWFPs supply chains in the selected FAs. However, the most represented were the supply chains consisting of three stages (purchase, processing and placement), with or without the substage of NWFPs collection, which may be assessed as a positive feature. This helps to ensure a smooth flow of information, knowledge and experience, which is one of the bases for an effective functioning of the entire sector. However, it is important for the SMEs to orient towards greater product finalization, which could have a positive influence on the domestic market development and may increase the income from export.

NWFPs purchase can be performed in several ways (own purchasing stations, the use of other purchasing stations, collectors coming into the enterprise, own collectors, visiting villages). However, in the selected FAs, purchase is mostly carried out: a) in own purchasing stations (all FAs) and b) by collectors coming into the enterprise and bringing the collected NWFPs (Golijsko, Rasinsko and TarskoZlatiborsko FA).

Depending on the capacity and technical capabilities of the SMEs, the processing is performed in different ways: primary processing, drying, brining, freezing, etc. Despite their good technical capabilities, most of the enterprises do not have final products, except in the PodrinjskoKolubarsko FA.

Although most of the NWFPs are exported, there are two situations, when it comes to NWFPs placement: 1) only export and 2) placement on both domestic and international markets. The main export destinations are the countries of Central and Western Europe (Italy, Germany, Austria, France and Switzerland), but some of the enterprises also export to USA and Canada.

Recommendations for future research are primarily related to the supply chain analysis in the region of Southern and Eastern Serbia (Jablaniko, Junomoravsko, Moravsko, Niavsko, Severnokuajsko, Topliko and Timoko FAs). Also, it is necessary to perform an assessment of supply chain performances (productivity, service levels, etc.). In this way, it would be possible to gain a more complete knowledge about the typology and structure of the NWFPs supply chains in all FAs in Central Serbia and give appropriate recommendations for the improvement and further development of this sector in Serbian forestry.

167

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