Necessary grid extensions and reinforcements to facilitate the connection of wind energy to the grid

Mario ValenteGrid Planning Unit – TERNA

Conference onWIND ENERGY AND GRID INTEGRATION

Madrid , 24-25 January 2006 mario.valente@terna.it

+GRTN(asset management)

ISO

Dispatching andGrid development

planning

TERNA(asset ownership)

GRTNGestore del sistema elettrico

-- Purchase and sale of renewable energy- Qualification of renewable sources plants- Issue of Green Certificates- GME and AU

TERNARete Elettrica Nazionale

TSO

Maintenance and Maintenance and Grid development Grid development

implementationimplementation

Merger

-- Dispatching & securityDispatching & security-- Grid operation & maintenanceGrid operation & maintenance-- Planning and implementation Planning and implementation

of grid development of grid development

Merging GRTN & TERNA

Year 2004 – from production to consumption

Water Water

WindWind

GeothermalGeothermal

Wind energy 1,8TWh

Industrial consumption

Household consumption

Agricultural consumption

Service-sector consumption

Geothermic source 5,1 TWh

Hydro source 48,0 TWh

NATIONAL GRIDNATIONAL GRID380380--220220--150150--132 kV132 kV

Net Net ImportsImports

CoalCoal Oil Oil GasGas

Thermal source 221,5 TWhNet of electricity consumed by pumping

14.2%14.2%

14,9%14,9%

68,7%68,7%

0,60,6%%

1,6%1,6%

45,6 TWh

51,2%154,2 TWh

1,7%5,2 TWh

21,5%64,8 TWh

25,6%77,2 TWh25,6%

77,2 TWh

Electricity supplied 322,0 TWh

Grid losses 20,6 TWh

(provisional data)

National Electricity Balance

AustriaSwitzerland

France

FIUMESANTO S/E

CODRONGIANOS

SELARGIUS

CAGLIARI SUD

RUMIANCA

SORGENTE

PATERNO’

CHIAROMONTE G.

RIZZICONI

ROSSANOLAINO

MATERA

GALATINA 400 kV dcline

Greece

BRINDISI

TARANTO N.

BARI OVEST

ANDRIAFOGGIA

BENEVENTOPATRIA

LARINO

TERAMO

CEPRANO

LATINA

VALMONTONEROMA s.

TORVALDALIGA s.TORVALDALIGA n.MONTALTO c.le

ROSARA

CANDIA

FANO

S.GIACOMO

TAVARNUZZE

CALENZANO

ACCIAIOLOLIVORNO

LA SPEZIA

VADO LIGURE

S.MARTINO xxFORLI’

RAVENNA C..COLUNGAMARTIG.

CARPI

RUBIERA

PARMAFERRARA

LA CASELLA

VIGNOLECASTELN.

MAGLIANO

VILLARODIN

CASANOVAPIOSSASCO

LEINI’

PLANAIS

REDIPUGLIAUDINE O.

CORDIGNANO

VEDEL.SANDRIGO

VENEZIA N.

DOLOCAMINADRIA

ALBERTVILLE

LAVORGO

SOAZZA

DIVACCIASlovenia

DUGALE

ROCCA

PIASTRA

TRINO N.

TURBIGO

RONCOV.

EDOLO

S:FIORANO

OSTIGLIACAORSO

ROSEN

PORTO TOLLE

P. CORSINI

MONFALCONE

PIOMBINO

VILLAVALLE

PRESENZANO

ISAB

SARLUX

BARGI

200 kV c.c.

F.SANTO carbone

S.Teresa

BONIFACIO

BASTIA

LUCCIANA EDF

SUVERETO

ROMA n.

FEROLETOSCANDALE

PATERNO’

CHIAROMONTE G.

MONTECORVINOSTRIANO

S.SOFIA

GARIGLIANO S.MARIA C.V.

VILLANOVA

PIETRAFITTA

ABBADIAS.BARBARA

MARGINONE

S.DAMASOPIACENZA

RONDISSONETAVAZZ.

VENAUS

MERCALLO

380 kV Italian Transmission Network

ROBBIA

Power plant380 kV substationSubstation under construction

Single circuit lineDouble circuit lineLine under constructiondc 200 kV line

220 kV substation

SLOVENIA

AUSTRIAFRANCE & SWITZERLAND

600÷350

430

2206.500

4,80

0

2,200

300

1,600 ÷ 2,300500 GREECE

NTC & inter-area limits in Italy (MW - Winter 2004-05)

Italy largest importer in EU2004 Energy exchanges in Europe (UCTE figures)

TWh

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

(1,2%)(1,2%)

(11,6% )

(5,5 %)

(14,2% )

(6,3% )

(14,7% )(4,4% )

(2,2% )

(8,6% )

2,9

55,0

-7,5 -16,2

6,1

-2,5

0,1

-45,6

0,8

-2,8

E F B NL D A CH I SLO GRNet import-export % over country load demand (provisional data)

153,2 179,7 202,9

81,595,8

114,068,373,7

82,521,0

23,5

26,75,9

5,6

5,2

2005 2010 2015

378,3

432,0

329,2

Industry

AgricultureGrid Losses

Household UsesService Sector

1,9%1,9%

3,4%3,4%

2,8%2,8%

1,3%1,3%

2,8%2,8%

2,4%2,4%

Electricity demand forecast2005 – 2015, TWh

CAGR2005-2015

European Union – 34,205 MWOther European Countries – 197 MWTotal Capacity – 34,402 MW

Europe’s Wind Capacity – End 2004 (Source EWEA)

5228,263

386

888

339

95

35

1,078

3,117

16082

442

7

51

166069

17

63

26

6

16,629

1,125

20465

6

2

7

5

1

(Values updated by the end of August 2005)

SLOVENIASLOVENIA

FRANCEFRANCE

SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND AUSTRIAAUSTRIA

299

344

TOTAL (MW)

1.603

TOTAL (MW)

1.603

Development of wind farms by the end of 2005Wind Power plants increase

664780

874

1132

1603

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

MW

SardiniaAt the end of 2007 43% of off-peak load

demand SicilyAt the end of 2007 38% of off-peak load

demand

11

194

755

36

326

1.516

1.126

North

Centre

South

Islands

SLOVENIASLOVENIA

FRANCEFRANCE

SWITZERLANDSWITZERLAND AUSTRIAAUSTRIA

168

158

400

593

533

303

197

616

36

TOTAL (MW) 3.004TOTAL (MW) 3.004

Wind generation capacity in 2008

Total Wind connection applications to transmission grid: 22.400 MW

Wind atlas

Main issues related to wind farm development

Mainly distributed in major IslandsSardinia is linked with Italy with a dc 200 kV lineLimited transport capability (300 MW) and operational flexibility (few fast reversal/Year) and modulation rangeConventional power plant: few units, large size with high technical minimum difficulty in managing load ramping in case of wind decrease

Big amount “Cip 6/92” Power Plant, with priority dispatching

Wind power plant located in region of low power demand

Wind energy to be transmitted over long distances to the load centres

Necessity of grid extension

Sardinia380 e 220 kV Transmission Network

CODRONGIANUS

NUOROOTTANA

ORISTANO

TALORO

ORISTANO

VILLASOR

FIUME SANTO

SASSARI

CAGLIARICAGLIARI SUD

SELARGIUS

RUMIANCA

SARLUX

SULCISEURAL.SAMIN

PORTOSCUSO

dc 200 kV lineLUCCIANA (F)

TIRSO

LATINA

13

Power Plant

Substation

220 kV single circuit line220 kV double line380 kV single circuit line380 kV single circuit line

Peak Load Demand 1,9 GW

Regional Power Generation

3,5 GW

Imports/Exports 0,3 GW

Voltage levels of transmission grid

380-220-150-132 kV

Network configuration

Mesh (EHV)–Radial (HV-MV)

Interconnection DC link

380 e 220 kV Transmission NetworkSicily

PARTANNA

BELLOLAMPO

PARTINICO

CIMINNA

TERMINI I.

CARACOLI

AGRIGENTO FAVARA

CHIAROMONTE G.

PATERNO’

ANAPO

MESSINACORRIOLO

MISTERBIANCO

CATANIA

PRIOLO

SIRACUSA

MELILLI

RAGUSA

PALERMO

TRAPANI

TRAPANI

RAGUSA

DEL MELAS.FILIPPO

SORGENTE

ENNA

RIZZICONI

POLIMERI

CALTANISSETTA

DUFERDOFIN

ISAB

da eliminare

Da declassare a 150 kV

Peak Load Demand

3,6 GW

Regional Power Generation

5,7 GW

Exports 0,1-0,6 GW

Voltage levels of transmission grid

380-220-150-132 kV

Network configuration

Mesh (EHV)–Radial (HV-MV)

Interconnection AC link

Regions: Sardinia , Toscana, Marche, Umbria, Lazio, Abruzzo e Molise

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LATINA

LUCCIANA EDF

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#TAVARNUZZE

CALENZANOPOGGIO A CAIANO

S. BARBARA

ACCIAIOLO

LA SPEZIA

ROSEN

BARGI

ROMA OVEST

CANDIA

LIVORNO

ENERGIA MOLISE

120 -> 132 kV

SAPEI – Sardinia – Mainland dc 500 kV link

Substation 380/132 kV in Abbadia (MC)

Grid development

Regions: Campania, Puglia e Basilicata

380 kV single circuit line Foggia - Benevento

é

#

#

BARI OVEST

LAINO

MONTECORVINO

LARINO

GALATINA

TARANTO NORD

BRINDISIPATRIA

PRESENZANO

GARIGLIANO

S.M. CAPUA V.

BRINDISI NORD

BRINDISI SUD

ANDRIA

MIRANT S. SEVERO 400 MW

ENERGIA TERMOLI 800 MW

ENIPOWER BRINDISI 1170 MW

FOGGIA

BENEVENTO

MATERA

CANDELA

380 kV single circuit lineMatera – S.Sofia

Substation near Bari

Substation near Vesuvio (NA)

380 kV double circuit lineMontecorvino - Benevento

S. SOFIA

Grid development

Possible new substation 380/150 kV

near Candela

CASALVECCHIOPIETRACATELLA

VOLTURARA

ALBERONA

ROSETO

MONTEFALCONECOLLE SANNITA

FOIANO

CERCEMAGGIORE

CAMPOBASSO

PRESENZANO

S.SOFIA BENEVENTO 2

BENEVENTO N.

BENEVENTO IND.

APICE FS

ARIANO IRPINO

SAVIGNANO FS

FLUMERI

ACCADIA

LACEDONIA

BISACCIA

ASCOLI SATRIANO

MELFI IND.

EOS 1 TROIA

TROIAORSARA

LUCERA

AVELLINO

AGIP DELICETO

FOGGIA

FOGGIA 380 KV

FOGGIAFS

FOGGIA IND.

ANDRIABARI O.

TRINITAPOLI

ALENIA

ORTANOVA

CERIGNOLA FS

S.SEVERO FS

S.SEVERO

S.GIOVANNI ROTONDO

MANFREDONIA

P.D.R. CELLE S.VITO

C.LE EDISON CANDELA

MONTESARCHIO

AIROLA

BOVINO

BOVINO FS

CALITRI

VALLESACCARDA

To streghten

removetransmission

constraint

FOGGIA O.

NEW 380 SUBSTATION

Grid development in Campania and Puglia

Regions Calabria and Sicily

380 kV double circuit line Sorgente-Rizziconi

380 kV single circuit line Chiaramonte - Ciminna

PARTANNA

BELLOLAMPO

PARTINICOTERMINI I.

CARACOLI

AGRIGENTO FAVARA

PATERNO’

ANAPO

CORRIOLO

MISTERBIANCO

CATANIA

PRIOLO

SIRACUSA

MELILLI

RAGUSA

PALERMO

TRAPANI

TRAPANI

RAGUSA

S.FILIPPODEL MELA

ENNA

POLIMERI

CALTANISSETTA

DUFERDOFIN

ISAB

CIMINNA

CHIAROMONTE G.

MESSINA

CROTONE

EDISONSimeri Crichi (CZ) – 800 MW

EDISON Altomonte (CS) – 800 MW

MONTECORVINO

da declassare a 150 kV

PISTICCI

tratto da demolire

SCANDALE

FEROLETO 380 kV

MUCONE 1 2

COSENZA

CATANZAROVIBOVALENTIA

REGGIOCALABRIA

MATERA

ROTONDA

ROSSANO – 1600 MW

MERCURE

LAINO

RIZZICONI

EDISON Pianopoli (CZ) – 800 MW

SORGENTE

Grid development

Specific requirements of the grid for wind energy

In order to integrate a big amount of wing generation in the Italian electric system, maintaining the security and quality conditions, it is appropriate that wind generation meet some requirements :

Capability to not disconnect during short-circuits

Participation in solving technical restrinctions, specially in critical stability situation

Participation in voltage regulation

Participation in frequency regulation

Forecast of the production

All issues are under discussion with the Italian Regulator

Network development process

The Development Plan is worked yearly out according to the planning scenarios, on the basis of:

Demand growth per each area

Development of new production units (Thermal + Wind)

Location of new generation on the territory

Signals from the power exchange

New transformersNew transformers (MVA)(MVA) 14.85014.850 2.8402.840 0 0 17.69017.690

ShortShort--medium term medium term 10.850 2.430 0 13.280

MediumMedium--long term long term 4.000 410 0 4.410

Lines (km) Lines (km) 3.2403.240 -- 990 1.080990 1.080 3.3303.330

ShortShort--medium term medium term 2.320 - 260 890 2.950

MediumMedium--long term long term 920 - 730 190 380

380 kV380 kV 220 kV 120220 kV 120--150 kV150 kV TotalTotal

2006-2015 Network Development Plan in ItalyCharacterization of new investments

Difficulties in building new high voltage lines due to authorisation problems

Authorization problems

People opposition linked to increased (excessive) environmental sensitivity, often connected to EMFDifficulties in identifying new feasible routes due to intense human territorial penetrationLack of integration between electrical and territorial/environmental planningUnsatisfactory results and uncertain timetable of present authorization procedures (EIA)

Main issues in developing the network

TSOs not in charge of power plants localizationLocalization based on different technical & economical reasons (not linked to network presence)

Brown fields & existing infrastructuresCogenerationExploitation of wind & hydro resourcesPresence of the natural gas networkAcceptance by resident people and municipalitiesWeak Locational Signals, not EU coordinated

Network development to be consistent with market requirements

SEA – Strategic Environmental AssessmentA new tool to gather consensous

EC Directive 42/2001 introduced the public evaluation of developments plans, including electricity infrastructure plans

• Support tool to find macro optionsduring the localization phase

• Better co-ordination of network and territorial planning

• Introduction of network & infrastructure corridors

• Better involvement of central & local authorities

SEA – Exclusion/Repulsion/Attraction (ERA) criteria

ERA Criteria ERA Criteria -- Legend and examplesLegend and examplesE1 = Exclusion – Law constraints (military areas, airports)

E2 = Exclusion – Social & Environment factors (cities, lakes, archaeol. sites)

E3 = Exclusion – Hydro-geological constraints (landslide areas, etc.

E4 = Exclusion – Other environmental constraints (regional and national parks: can evolve in R1 in absence of alternatives)

R1 = Repulsion – Constraints which may be overcome in absence of alternatives (Sites of Community Importance, Special Protected Zones)

R2 = Repulsion – Constraints which may be overcome by implementing technical prescriptions (pylones painting, distances)

N = Neutral areas – No localization influence

A1 = Attraction – Presence of natural elements which hide new constructions A2 = Attraction – Preferential areas (Infrastructure corridors, industrial areas)

SEA – Preferential corridors and routes

Route 1

Route 2 (Preferential)Repulsion Area

Exclusion Area

Station A Station B

Pylons, are not theybeautiful?

Thank you for your attention

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