natural approach stephen krashen

8/18/2019 Natural Approach Stephen Krashen

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Stephen Krashen


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• Terrell taught Spanish. Shewished to apply naturalistic

principles of SLA (SecondLanguage Acquisition).

•Stephen Krashen, anapplied linguistic, built on

the rationale The !aturalApproach" (#$%&).


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• They related their

approach to the !atural or'irect ethod.

A) se of language inco**unicati+e situationswithout recourse to thenati+e language.

) Teaching without any

reference to gra**ar.-) Tetboo/ ea*ples.


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THEORY OF LANGUAGE:THEORY OF LANGUAGE:•-o**unication is the pri*ary function of language.

•Language is +iewed as a +ehicle for co**unicating

*eanings and *essages.•0ra**atical structures do not require eplicit analysis orattention.

THEORY OF LEARNING:THEORY OF LEARNING:• There are 1 2rincipal tenets of the theory3

#. The acquisition4learning hypothesis.

5. The *onitor hypothesis.

&. The natural order hypothesis.

6. The input hypothesis.

1. The a7ecti+e 8lter hypothesis.


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• There are two distincti+eways of de+elopingco*petences in second

languages acquisition, byacquisition and bylearning.


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• -onscious learning canonly be used as a onitoror an editor.


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• 9e acquire the rules oflanguage in a predictableorder.


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• 9e acquire language inonly one way3 byunderstanding *essagesor by recei+ingco*prehensible input.

• :• I+1


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• oti+ation, selfcon8dence, and anietyall a7ect languageacquisition.


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• The !atural Approach isfor beginner students upto inter*ediate.

• ;our broad areas< basicpersonal co**unicati+es/ills (spea/ing4listening)<acade*ic learning s/ills

(oral4written)• 9hat they can4won=t able

to do.


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• The syllabus for the!atural Approach is a

co**unicati+e syllabus.ased on a selection ofco**unicati+e acti+itiesand topics deri+ed fro*

learner needs.


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• -o*prehensible input ispresented in the target

language, using techniquessuch as T2>, *i*e and gesture.

• 0roup techniques are si*ilar to-o**unicati+e Language

Teaching.

• Learners start to tal/ when theyare ready.


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• 2rocessor of co*prehensibleinput.

• Learner desicions on when to

spea/, what to spea/ about,what linguistic epressions touse.

• 2re?production stage3participate in the languageclass without need torespond.


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• @arly production stage3respond to fa*iliarquestions, 8edcon+ersation.

• Speech?e*ergent phase3role play, ga*es, personalinfo and opinions, group

proble*?sol+ing.


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• Teacher is the pri*arysource of co*prehensible

input.• Teacher creates a classroo*

at*osphere that isinteresting and friendly to

the lower and a7ecti+e 8lter.• Teacher chooses a rich *i

of classroo* acti+ities.


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• The world of realia rather

than tet boo/s. isualaids are essential li/eschedules, brochures,ad+ertise*ent, *aps,

boo/s of le+el appropriateto the learners.


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• :n the acti+ities, theinstructor *aintains aconstant Bow of

co*prehensible input,"using /ey +ocabulary ite*s,appropriate gestures,contet, repetition, and

paraphrase to ensure theco*prehensibility of theinput.


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• The !atural Approach >eCectsthe for*al gra**aticalorganiDation of language to

teach it. :t is not used at anati+e le+el.

• :t e*phasiDes co*prehensibleand *eaningful practice

acti+ities, of gra**aticallyperfect utterances andsentences.


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natural approach stephen krashen

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