Nationalism in Southeast AsiaSection (19.1)

The Philippines

• US colony since Philippine-American War• 4 July 1946 – US grants

independence and a stipend in exchange for:• Free trade• Military bases

• Are the bases continued imperialism? Is the money economic imperialism?• Filipinos look for non-US investment• US forced out in 1992

Trouble in the Philippines

• Ferdinand Marcos elected president in 1956• Imposed martial law

and runs the country until 1986• Chief rival B. Aquino

loses his head• Stole millions from

the state

REVENGE!!

• Widow Corazon Aquino runs in 1986 election and wins• Marcos tries to block

her victory• People rebel• Aquino rewrites the

constitution• True democracy

and term limits for the president

But wait…there’s more

• Muslim separatist group, Abu Sayyaf, wants a separate Muslim state in the Southern Islands• Have blown up

ferries, beheaded foreign tourists, assassinated people…usual SOP

Burma/Myanmar

• Britain grants freedom in 1948• Instant chaos between

democrats, military strongmen, communists, and minority groups

• Par for the course really…

Military Dictatorship

• 1962 – General Ne Win creates a military run socialist state

• 1988 – Aung San Suu Kyi tries to start democratic movement• He has been under house arrest,

on and off, since 1988

But its Democracy!

• 1988 multi-party elections allowed• Kyi’s party wins 80%

of the vote• Military refutes the

results

• 2007 – Buddhist monks lead people in uprisings• Gov’t crushes it (not

in a good way)

Indonesia

• Former Dutch colony announced its freedom two days after WWII• Dutch try to take it back

but can’t get support from the US or the UN so they leave

• WWII rebel Sukarno and his army lead the revolt

Division in the Gov’t

• Sukarno tries to govern with parliamentary democracy• Indonesia has: • 13,600 islands• 300 ethnic groups • 250 languages

• Coup against Sukarno violently put down by Suharto (500,000 – 1,000,000 dead)• Police state created with

Suharto in control

A Change in the Air

• Suharto leads state into economic collapse• He’s forced out in 1998

• Sukarno’s daughter, Megawati Sukarnoputri, elected in 2001• Slowly moving to recovery

and democracy

Its never that easy…

• Suharto had taken control in 1976

• Jose Ramos Horta – pushing for freedom – wins Nobel prize in 1996

• 1999 – Elections in East Timor• Indonesia invades• UN steps in, E. Timor freed

in 2002