National Philosophy of Education

Prepared by: Yusnitha Merang

Formulation of NPE• The idea to formulate NPE sparked off in 1979 after the Cabinet

Report on the Review of Education Policies Implementation • Report contained important issues related to education- stressed on

the importance of having a philosophy of education which concentrates on human development as shown in the excerpt as follow

• “Economic development is very rapid in today’s world. The same goes for social development as well. . . As we are faced with different types of elements both from within and without . . . Most of such elements are good but . . . they come from outside and we are not very comfortable with them. Therefore we face another challenge that is human development”

(Cabinet Report 1979 226)

Rukunegara• It was a government effort to promote racial unity balance and

stability amongst citizens in reaction to a racial riot (May 13 incident in 1969)

• Basic principleI. Believe in GodII. Loyalty to King and GodIII. Upholding the ConstitutionIV. Rule of LawV. Good behavior and morality

The content of Rukunegara• To achieve a greater unity of all people • To maintain a democratic way of life• To create a society which the wealth of the nation shall be equitably

shared• To build a progressive society which shall be oriented to modern

science and technology

New Economic Policy • The New Economic Policy were planned and carried out using two-

pronged approach - To eradicate poverty by creating more employment opportunities for all ( irrespective of ethnicity) - to restructure the country’s economy thus eliminating the identification of ethnicity with economic function

Strategies• Improve productivity and quality of life for the poor• Move the ratio of economic ownership of Malaysia Bumiputera

National Education Policy

National Education Philosophy

“Education in Malaysia is an on-going effort towards further developing the potential of individuals in a holistic and integrated manner, in order to produce individuals who are intellectually, spiritually, emotionally and physically, balanced and harmonious, based on a firm belief in and devotion to god. Such an effort is designed to produce Malaysian citizens who are knowledgeable and competent, who possess high moral standards and who are responsible and capable of achieving a high level of personal well-being to contribute to the betterment of the nation, family and society. ”

Concept• a process or activity of clarifying terms, thoughts and principles that

guide education and problem that inhibit education• The National Philosophy of Education (NPE) is a body of concepts,

principles and values that underlining educational practices and then rationalizes current practices.

• is based on the Five National Principles (Rukunegara)- to develop a world-class quality education system which will realise the full potential of the individual and fulfill the aspiration of the Malaysian nation.

Objectives of NPE• serves as an enlightenment to provide guidance to all efforts used to

develop and improve the national education• It provides the policy and basic consideration to determine the

objectives of National Education.• a reference to help educators to understand the national education

system and provide necessary guidance for educators to carry out their educational duties

• provides the policy and the basic consideration to plan the school curriculum, design learning materials and determine strategies for teaching-learning activities.

• to instruct students who will be able to fulfill their duties as responsible citizens.

• to produce progressive, skillful and efficient citizens to carry out the duties productively and satisfactorily so as to contribute towards the advancement and development of the country.

Analysis of National Philosophy of education with reference to its Elements

Elements ImplicationsEducation is an on- going effort • Education is a process of acquiring and transferring of

knowledge• The process start form early age till death• Early education- to shape the personality of young children• Upon completion of school- continue to enhance

knowledge skills character• Continuous education will assist the individual to adapt

various type of change Development of individual potentials

• Every individual has been blessed with hidden talents and potentials

• Education should offer individual opportunities to develop their talents or potentials

Elements ImplicationsHolistic and integrated development of the individual

• Enhancements and development should preferably encompass every aspect

Balances and harmonic being • Importance of knowledge (intellectual)• Good personality ( emotional)• Belief in God and good character (spiritual)• Good health (physical)• Balance in all aspects will produce an individual who can

live in harmony with othersIntellectual • Possesses three basic skills (3R)

• Always strives to acquire and develop true knowledge• Possess creative, critical an

Elements ImplicationsSpiritual • Thankful for God’s gifts

• Possess good character and upholds moral valuesemotional • Matured and stable emotions

• Possess and nurtures love• A feeling of togetherness unity

Physical • Be aware of the importance of good health• Uses physical fitness skills for the benefit of society

Belief in God and obedience to God • Admit the existence of God and accept Him as the creator of mankind and the universe

• Be aware that God determine nature’s law and phenomena• Practice all the teaching of the religion