National Park ServiceWestern Energy Summit

January 21-23, 2003Phoenix, Arizona

Session 4: Leading by Example: What Can We Do Within Our

Boundaries to Promote Environmental and Energy Conservation Goals?

Leading by ExampleSpeakers

Green Energy Parks ProgramTerry Brennan Coordinator

of the Green Energy Parks Program NPS-WASO, Terry_Brennan@nps.gov

Regional PerspectiveSteve Butterworth Regional

Energy Program Coordinator NPS-PWR, Steve_Butterworth@nps.gov

DOE Perspective, Support &ToolsSara Farrar-Nagy Senior

Project Leader, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, sara_farrar-nagy@nrel.gov

Green Energy Parks

MOU signed April 27, 1999

Green Energy Parks

Overview

A joint program of Department of Interior (DOI)

National Park Service (NPS) Department of Energy (DOE)

Federal Energy Management Program Biofuels Program Clean Cities (alternative fuel vehicles)

Green Energy Parks

Overview

Promotes the use of energy-efficient practices renewable energy

technologies alternative fuels

throughout national park facilities and transportation systems

Green Energy Parks

Goals1. Use energy-efficiency, renewable energy,

alternative fuels and other energy management strategies to save taxpayer dollars, reduce air and noise pollution, and reduce green

house gases

Green Energy Parks

Goals2. Use clean energy technologies and

interpretation to educate park visitors about the ability of clean energy technologies to mitigate the impacts of pollution and climate change on natural and cultural resources

Green Energy Parks

Goals3. Enhance the visitor

experience through pollution reduction and interpretive displays on clean energy practices and technologies

Green Energy Parks

Specific Objectives1. Reduce energy use in

Park Service buildings by 30% (compared to 1985 usage)

Green Energy Parks

Specific Objectives2. Evaluate all remote-site diesel generators

and develop a plan for replacing generators, where feasible, with renewable energy technologies, biofuels or less-polluting alternative fuels

Green Energy Parks

Specific Objectives3. Increase by 50% the

use of alternative fuels in the NPS motor vehicle fleet (over 1998 usage)

Green Energy Parks

Guiding Principles Every NPS site is eligible through a competitive funding

process, to receive technical and financial assistance to support implementation

Most projects implement commercially viable energy-efficiency, renewable energy or alternative fuel technologies that are cost effective (by life-cycle analysis)

Projects can demonstrate new or emerging alternative energy technologies

Projects should have an accompanying education component for the message to reach visitors

Green Energy Parks Partners

Propane Education and Research Council

National Park Foundation

National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA)

Army Core of Engineers (fuel cells)

University-National Park Energy Partnership Program (UNPEPP)

Green Energy Parks University-National Park

Energy Partnership National program providing energy

services to the Parks and real-world problem-solving opportunities to university students

Support National Parks to meet energy needs cost-effectively

Green Energy Parks University-National Park

Energy Partnership Developed by James Madison University

(JMU), National Park Service, and DOE

Initial pilot project between JMU and Shenandoah National Park in 1997-98

Now in 6th year at Rochester Institute of Technology

Over 20 partnership projects

Green Energy Parks University-National Park

Energy Partnership Grants

Typically fund student and faculty time (plus equipment)

$10-20k per partnership (2-3 students for a summer)

MOU identifies partnership, work expectations

Projects have included

energy audits

solar power design analysis

fuel cell feasibility studies

PV installation

utility bill analysis

energy data collection

Green Energy Parks University-National Park

Energy Partnership Humboldt State – Redwood NP

Wolf Creek Outdoor School Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Design Project

Students conducted energy audit and solar energy design work

Green Energy Parks University-National Park

Energy PartnershipSouth Dakota State University – Yellowstone NP

Students designed and installed PV system at Lewis Lake Campground

Green Energy Parks Project Opportunities

180 projects with $5 million of combined NPS and DOE funds Facility Projects:

Hardware, Technical Assistance, and Audits Transportation Projects:

Biofuels and Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Vehicles

PMIS Project Identification for Funding Emphasis Area: “Green Energy Parks” Funding Source: “Fee Demo” or “DOE Reimbursable”

Green Energy Parks Publications

Lighting Retrofit Workbook A Practical "How To" Guide for the National Park Service Visitor Centers, by LBNL

http://ateam.lbl.gov/PUBS/doc/NPS_guidebook.pdf

Technology guide under development

Green Energy Parks For more information

www.nps.gov/renew

Park-by-park summary case studies and Green Toolbox

www.nature.nps.gov/sustainability

Includes additional information about energy related projects

www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/greenparks.html

Program overview, opportunities, and additional case studies

Green Energy: DOE Perspective, Support, and Tools

Solar Decathlon

Washington, D.C.

September 19 - October 9, 2002

Overview Department of Energy (DOE) Programs

Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP)

Clean Cities Biofuels Biomass High Performance Buildings

Case Studies in the Parks

FEMP’s Mission

FEMP works to reduce the cost and environmental impact of government by: Advancing energy efficiency and water

conservation Promoting the use of distributed and

renewable energy Improving utility management decisions at

Federal sites

Legislative History / Executive Directives

Energy Policy and Conservation Act (1975)

DOE Organization Act (1977)

National Energy Conservation Policy Act (1978)

Federal Energy Management Improvement Act (1988)

Executive Order 12759 (1991)

Energy Policy Act (1992)

Executive Order 12902 (1994)

Executive Order 13123 (1999)

Executive Order 13221 (2001)

Federal Energy Snapshot

$9.6 billion Federal annual energy bill 500,000 facilities with 3

billion square feet of space Buildings: $3.9 billion Energy Intensive Operations:

$0.6 billion Exempt Buildings: $0.4 billion

Vehicles & Equipment: $4.6 billion

Federal Energy Management Goals

Reduce energy consumption Facility energy per square foot to be reduced by 30% in 2005 and

35% in 2010 relative to 1985 Purchase energy efficient products including those that use

minimal stand-by power

Expand use of renewable energy 2.5% of Federal facility electricity consumption by 2005 2,000 solar energy systems by 2000; 20,000 by 2010

Implement best management practices for water conservation in 80% of Federal facilities by 2010

Reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by 2010 compared to 1990

Progress to DatePreliminary FY 2001 data indicates the Federal Government exceeded the FY 2000 goal by 3%

In real dollars, the Government spent $1.4 billion less for energy in its buildings in FY01 compared to FY85

Approximately half of these savings are from energy improvements

23% reduction is based on Btu/sf

Standard Building Energy Reduction Goals

85,000

90,000

95,000

100,000

105,000

110,000

115,000

120,000

125,0 00

130,000

135,000

140,000

145,000

85 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 01 03 05 07 09

FISCAL YEAR

Btu

per

Sq

uar

e F

oo

t

10% Goal - 1995 (NECPA)

20% Goal - 2000 (EPACT)

30% Goal - 2005 (EO 12902)

Actual Energy Use

23.0% Reduction, 2001(Preliminary Data)

35% Goal - 2010 (EO 13123)

Tailoring Services to Meet Customer’s Needs

Building Retrofits

New Construction

Partnerships++

EquipmentProcurement

Management, Maintenance,& Operations

Utility & Load

Management

FEMP’s Portfolio of Services

TechnicalAssistance

Financing Outreach Policy

FEMP Technical Assistance

Programs Design Assistance

Renewable Energy Projects Energy and Water Efficiency New Building Design

Distributed Energy Resources (DER) Renewable / Green Power Purchasing SAVEnergy Audits O&M, Water Best Management Practices Industrial Facilities, Labs21

Goal: To assist Federal agencies implement projects by overcoming technical obstacles

FEMP offers: Opportunity Assessments & Audits Feasibility Studies Financing Strategies Technical Specifications Proposal Reviews & Support in Negotiation Design Review Acceptance Testing

FEMP Technical Assistance

FEMP - Calls for Projects Annual TA “Call for Projects”

Includes Renewable Energy, Design Assistance, Water Efficiency, Operation & Maintenance, and more

Also separate annual DER “Call for Projects”

FEMP selects and funds projects best meeting predetermined criteria

Watch the FEMP web site for more information:www.eren.doe.gov/femp

Projects can include: Low energy design in buildings Solar water and air heating Photovoltaics Wind Geothermal heat pumps or

geothermal heating and cooling On-site biomass electricity and

thermal generation

FEMP – Renewable Projects

FEMP supports Federal agencies to procure utility power from renewable sources

Contact: Chandra Shah 303-384-

7557

Renewable Power Purchasing

www.eren.doe.gov/greenpower

FEMP SAVEnergy Audits

Audit Types Energy Efficiency Survey

Water Conservation Survey

Park Service Status SAVEnergy Audits conducted at 50 NPS sites during

1995-2002 (35 in Western Parks)

How to apply FEMP Regional Representative or

http://www.eren.doe.gov/femp/techassist/audit.html

FEMP - Training Upcoming courses

Design Strategies for Low-Energy, Sustainable,Secure Buildings

March 26 – 27 San Diego, CAWater Resource Management April 15-16 Denver, CODistributed Generation for Federal FacilitiesMay 12-13 Los Angeles, CAEnergy 2003 Conference August 17-20 Orlando, FL

Schedule and registration online:www.eren.doe.gov/femp/resources/training/femptraining.html

Outreach & Communications

FEMP Web Site: www.eren.doe.gov/femp

FEMP Focus Newsletter SAVE with Solar Newsletter You Have the Power Campaign Annual Energy Awards

Program

FEMP Regional Representatives

Denver RODenver RODenver RODenver RO

CENTRALCENTRAL

Seattle Seattle

RORO

Seattle Seattle

RORO

WESTERNWESTERN

Philadelphia Philadelphia

RORO

Philadelphia Philadelphia

RORO

MID-ATLANTIC

MID-ATLANTIC

Boston ROBoston ROBoston ROBoston RO

NORTHEASTNORTHEAST

SOUTHEASTSOUTHEAST

Atlanta Atlanta

RORO

Atlanta Atlanta

RORO

Chicago ROChicago ROChicago ROChicago RO

MIDWESTMIDWEST

FEMP Regional Office Contacts

Seattle Cheri Sayer (206) 553-7838

Denver Randy Jones (303) 275-4814

Chicago Melinda Latimer (312) 886-8561

Philadelphia Claudia Marchione (215) 656-6967

Atlanta Lisa Hollingsworth (404) 562-0569

Boston Paul King (617) 565-9712

Clean Cities

Photo credit: David Parsons, NREL

Clean Cities Program Supports public-private partnerships that deploy

alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and build supporting infrastructure

AFV Fuels:CNG, LNG, E85, LPG, Biodiesel, Electricity

9th National Clean Cities Conference & ExpoMay 19-23, 2003 Palm Springs, CA

Alternative Fuels Data Centerwww.afdc.gov

Clean Cities Coalitions Locally based government and industry

partnerships coordinated by DOE to expand the use of alternatives to gasoline and diesel fuels

National Park Partnerships Rocky Mountain National Park with Weld and Larimer

counties (W/L/RMNP), designated May 1996 Greater Yellowstone-Teton Clean Cities National Park

Coalition, designated September 2002 Lake Tahoe Clean Cities Coalition, planning stage

Biofuels DOE research to cost-effectively produce

biofuels from diverse feedstocks Regional Biomass Energy Program

Increase production and use of bioenergy resources

Opportunities for biodiesel education/workshopsContact: Shaine Tyson at 303-275-4616

Biennial Bioenergy ConferenceFall 2004

For additional Informationwww.ott.doe.gov/biofuels

Biodiesel & Ethanol Examples Biodiesel Vehicles

Forest Service – Wyoming55 vehicles run on B20 year-round

Yellowstone National ParkTruck-in-the-Park pickup - B100 without additives

Pictured Rocks National LakeshoreB20 (soy-diesel) blended into diesel fuel tanks.

Also soy-based lubricants, hydraulic fluid, two-cycle oil, and crankcase oil.

E-85 fueling stations Mammoth Cave National Park NPS National Capital Region

Biomass Power BioPower: renewable electricity

from plant material DOE research to produce

small, modular biopower systems (5 kW to 5 MW)

Current FEMP Project: Forest Service/Yavapai-Apache Nation – Feasibility of 2-10 MW woodchip biomass electricity generating plant

Photo credit: Dr. Paul Torcellini, NREL

High Performance Buildings

High Performance Buildings Goal: To substantially improve the performance

of commercial buildings by changing how these buildings are designed, built, and operated

Strategies: Technical Evaluation and Research Building Performance Communication/Project Documentation

Start participation with application Additional information and resources online

www.highperformancebuildings.gov

High Performance Buildings Criteria for participation

Committed to 70% energy cost savings when compared to 10CFR434 (lighting and HVAC loads)

Employ near 100% daylighting with automated lighting control that respond to daylight levels

Design envelope based on simulation results and design HVAC based on specific load conditions

Pre-design stage (buildings with plans are too far along to make substantial effective energy choices)

Building available for monitoring and evaluation for at least 1 year during occupancy

Plan to incorporate energy features that are of current research interest

Case Studies

DOE Supported Projects

with the National Park Service in Western Regions

Sustainable BuildingZion National Park Visitor Center Passive down-draft evaporative

cooling towers

Daylighting

Engineered shading

Natural ventilation

Automatic windows

Trombe walls

Direct gain heating

Thermal Mass

7 kW Photovoltaics

Outdoor exhibits (smaller bldg)

Estimated 70% savings in purchased energy compared to conventional building design. Using a whole building design process resulted in a project that also cost less to build.

Solar Water Heating

Chickasaw NRA (Oklahoma) incorporated solar energy in three new comfort stations. (1) 1000, (2) 500 gal storage

(1) 484, (2) 194 sf collectors

$3500/yr savings

37,000 kWh/yr total equivalent solar heat

These systems reduce operating and maintenance costs and increase reliability. A simple 9-year payback period makes the project cost effective for this site.

"The great thing about using solar heated showers ... is the user demand very closely follows the amount of available sunlight." —Mark Golnar, NPS Mechanical Engineer

Renewable Energy atPinnacles National Monument

PV-hybrid system provided an elegant solution for electricity in sensitive area 9.6 kW PV with 20 kW propane

genset LCC analysis: system costs

$83k less than 2 replacement propane gensets over 20-years

New GMP Project: move facilities above flood plain Sizing off-grid hybrid system

New efficient building design

“The PV system … costs a fraction of what we used to pay each month to operate and maintain the diesel generators it replaces." —Gary Candelaria, Superintendent

Renewable Energy atNatural Bridges National Monument

PV-Hybrid System Rehabilitation Study Assessed load requirements + system needs

Original 100 kW solar array now under 50 kW 60 kW diesel back-up generator New batteries, charge controller and inverter

Produced performance specifications suitable for bids

Renewable Energy atYosemite National Park

El Portal Maintenance Facility 47kW PV grid-connected system Supplies 10% of electric demand during peak hours PowerLight system adds R-20 insulation to the roof Meets air quality goals for

point source pollution reduction (offsetting PG&E pollution from electricity generation)

Renewable Energy atWhiskeytown National Recreation Area

Visitor Center PV grid-connected systems Fixed panels and passive tracker

Renewable Energy atKalaupapa National Historic Park

Implementing a PV-hybrid system for water pumping to eliminate diesel generator operation

Study for long-term sustainable energy resources

Renewable Energy atMt. Rainier National Park

White River Facility 15.5kW PV-hybrid system with propane genset

serves 59 kWh/day load 207 modules on 90 linear feet of new garage roof Replaces a generator-only system with the solar

providing 85% of the electricity needs

Reduces generator run-time from 3500 to 150 hours per season (dramatic reduction in noise)

Renewable Energy atMojave National Preserve

Hole-in-the-Wall Fire Station 10.88-kW PV-hybrid system with propane genset

serves 50 kWh/day load Serves 50 kWh/day load of fire station dormitory (up

to 16 firefighters) and garage Flexible, amorphous-silicon

roofing laminates, applied to a new metal roof

Renewable Energy atJoshua Tree National Park

Oasis Visitor Center Feasibility study, result: 40kW PV grid-tied system Off-set electricity conventional generation with shade

Several other showcase PV-hybrid systems with knowledgeable supporting staff

Renewable Energy at Channel Islands National Park

Water Heating and Light Tube

Water pumping (with storage)

Wind Hybrid Electricity System at San Miguel

Island

Renewable Energy at Point Reyes National Seashore

PV at Education Center

SDHW at Education Center

PV at Pacific Coast Learning Center

Renewable Energy atGlen Canyon National Recreation Area

115 kW hybrid system serving Dangling Rope Marina. This project offsets barging 65,000

gallons/year of diesel fuel across Lake Powell. Important lessons learned with hybrid system.

Renewable Energy atYellowstone National Park

The system provides 14,000 kWh/year with reduced noise and air

pollution

7 kW system serving Lamar Buffalo Ranch

Renewable Energy atLake Mead National Recreation Area

1.2 kW system serving Shivwits Fire Camp

Provides power for seasonal ranger operations

Installed as part of a field training workshop

Fuel Cell atYellowstone National Park

Powers Kiosks at West Entrance 4.5-kW, propane-fueled Being evaluated for effectiveness at high

elevation and in a severe climate Successful collaboration:

Yellowstone National Park Fall River Rural Electric

Cooperative H Power Corporation Propane Education &

Research Council

Biofuels – Marine Project

The Pacific Ranger has operated on 100% biodiesel for two years. This renewable organic- based fuel is manufactured from used vegetable cooking oils. This project will reduce the demand on petroleum resources, decrease exhaust emissions and demonstrate the viable application of alternative fuels applications in marine service.

The Pacific Ranger at Channel Islands National Park. Note the “bulbous bow” hull modification which reduces friction & wake resistance on the displacement hull as it travels through the water.

Biofuels - Truck Project

The biodiesel fuel is produced locally in Idaho and Montana. It is made from rapeseed (canola) ethyl ester: rapeseed oil is extracted and combined with ethanol (potato waste). A "bear attraction test" dispelled the notion that the french fry smell of biodiesel would attract bears.

Truck-in-the-Park Program

Unmodified 3/4 ton diesel truck

130,000 miles on 100% biodiesel Engine teardown at 100,000

miles indicated little wear and no carbon buildup.

Benefits Reduced toxicity, emissions,

smoke, odors

Increased safety, biodegradability

Performance 16.3 mpg (1 mpg less than diesel)

$2-$3.50 per gallon if commercial-scale production available

In closing …

National Park Service

Regional Perspective

What Can We Do Within Our Boundaries to Promote Environmental and Energy

Conservation Goals?