MUTATIONS

MUTATIONS

YEAST CELL:

• 500 YEAST SPECIES

• 1000’S OF STRAINS

• 100’S OF BREWING STRAINS

BREWERS YEAST:

• 16 CHROMOSOMES

• (WILD YEAST 32 CHRMS)

• 6K GENES

MUTATIONS

• DNA

• CHROMOSOME

• GENE

Sexual- Plants

- Fungi (wild yeasts)

- Animals

- Some Protists

A + B = AB

Cell Reproduction- 2 types

Asexual- Bacteria

- Brewing/Distilling Yeast

- Some Protists

MUTATIONS

MUTATIONS

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

GOAL?

MUTATIONS

DNA:

• FUNCTION?

• “DOUBLE HELIX”

• 4 DNA BASES

• BASE-PAIRING RULE

MUTATIONS

FIRST STEP OF CELL REPRODUCTION:

DNA REPLICATION =

MAKE COPIES OF DNA USING

BASE-PAIRING RULE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9

kp9wiYMQUU

MUTATIONS

MUTATION, DEFINTION:

MISTAKE IN THE BASE-PAIRING RULE

DURING DNA REPLICATION

FACTORS THAT INCREASE MUTATION RATE:

1. INCREASE RATE OF REPLICATION

2. STRESSES

3. CHEMICALS & UV LIGHT

MUTATIONS

MUTATIONS:

• BASIS FOR EVOLUTION

• RANDOM AND BY CHANCE

• CAN BE CONTROLLED

NEW BREEDS

NEW YEAST STRAINS

MUTATIONS

American Ale II 1272

60-72°

Slightly nutty, soft, clean and tart finish

American Ale 1056

60-72°

Well balanced. Ferments dry, finishes soft

California Ale V WLP051

66-70°

Produces a fruity, full-bodied beer

California Ale WLP001

68-73°

Clean flavors accentuate hops; very versatile.

Denny’s Favorite 50 1450

60-70°

Can be used for almost any beer style. Accentuates malt,

caramel, or fruit character.

Northeast Ale ECY29

65-70°

A unique ale yeast with an abundance of citrusy esters accentuating American style hops.

Yeast Strains (Mutations):

MUTATIONS

RESULTS OF ACCIDENTAL BREWING YEAST MUTATIONS?

HOW CAN WE DECREASE CHANCES OF YEAST MUTATIONS?