mutations
DESCRIPTION
MUTATIONS. Changes in DNA that affect genetic information. Mutations. A change in the order of the nucleotide bases in DNA is a mutation It can change the type of proteins a cell produces. No freckles. Freckles. Gene Mutations. Point Mutations – changes in one or a few nucleotides - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MUTATIONSMUTATIONS
Changes in Changes in DNADNA that affect genetic that affect genetic informationinformation
MutationsMutations
A change in the order of the nucleotide bases in A change in the order of the nucleotide bases in DNA is a mutationDNA is a mutation
It can change the type of proteins a cell It can change the type of proteins a cell producesproduces
No freckles
Freckles
Gene MutationsGene Mutations
Point Mutations – changes Point Mutations – changes in one in one or a fewor a few nucleotides nucleotides SubstitutionSubstitution
THE FAT THE FAT CCAT ATE THE RATAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT THE FAT HHAT ATE THE RATAT ATE THE RAT
THE FAT CAT ATE THE RATTHE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE THE BBAT CAT ATE THE RATAT CAT ATE THE RAT
Gene MutationsGene Mutations Frameshift Mutations – shifts the Frameshift Mutations – shifts the LETTERSLETTERS of the of the
genetic message so that the genetic message so that the protein protein may not be may not be able to perform its able to perform its function.function. InsertionInsertion
THE FAT CAT ATE THE RATTHE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT THE FAT THE FAT HHCA TAT ETH ERA TCA TAT ETH ERA T
DeletionDeletion TTHHE FAT CAT ATE THE RATE FAT CAT ATE THE RAT TEF ATC ATA TET GER ATTEF ATC ATA TET GER AT
H
H
Chromosomal MutationsChromosomal Mutations
Changes in number and structure of Changes in number and structure of entire chromosomes entire chromosomes
Chromosome MutationsChromosome Mutations
Deletion- loss of part or all of Deletion- loss of part or all of chromosome.chromosome.
Duplication –extra copies or parts of Duplication –extra copies or parts of chromosome.chromosome.
Inversion-reverse direction of Inversion-reverse direction of chromosome.chromosome.
Translocation – occurs when chromosome Translocation – occurs when chromosome breaks and attaches to another breaks and attaches to another chromosome.chromosome.
Types of Chromosomal Types of Chromosomal Mutation: DeletionMutation: Deletion
OriginalOriginalABC * DEFABC * DEF
ABC *ABC *DEFDEF
Types of Chromosomal Types of Chromosomal Mutation: DuplicationMutation: Duplication
AABBBC * DEFBC * DEF
OriginalOriginalABC * DEFABC * DEF
Types of Chromosomal Types of Chromosomal Mutation: TranslocationMutation: Translocation
OriginalOriginalABC * DEFABC * DEFGHI*JKLGHI*JKL
ABC * ABC * JKLJKL
GHI * GHI * DEFDEF
Chromosome 21 Chromosome 21 Duplication & Duplication & Translocation:Translocation:Down SyndromeDown Syndrome
Types of Chromosomal Types of Chromosomal Mutation: InversionMutation: Inversion
AAEDED * * CBCBFFOriginalOriginalABC * DEFABC * DEF
Significance of MutationsSignificance of Mutations
• Most are neutralMost are neutral
• Eye colorEye color
• Birth marksBirth marks
• Some are harmfulSome are harmful
• Sickle Cell AnemiaSickle Cell Anemia
• Down SyndromeDown Syndrome
• Some are beneficialSome are beneficial
• Sickle Cell Anemia gives resistance to Sickle Cell Anemia gives resistance to MalariaMalaria
• Immunity to HIVImmunity to HIV