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Welcome to the Museum ofWelcome to the Museum ofAncient LifeAncient Life

Curator’s Offices

Curator’s OfficeA group of student at Texas High School that have joined together to create a virtual exhibit about ancient civilizations and artifacts.

Charlie Goins, Brandon Zverina, Natalie Moya, Miles Coleman

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Room 1

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Valley Room

Indus River ValleyIndus River Valley

Room 2

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Valley Room

Egyptian River ValleyEgyptian River Valley

Room 3

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Valley Room

Mesopotamian River ValleyMesopotamian River Valley

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RiverValleyRoom

Chinese River ValleyChinese River Valley

Room 5

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Entry

Artifact 20

AthensAthens

Artifact 20

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Artifact 21

Artifact 24

Artifact 22

UtopiaUtopia

Artifact 23

Artifact 22

Room 5

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Artifact 20

RomeRome

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MesopotamianRiver Valley

Chinese RiverValley

River ValleysRiver Valleys

Indus RiverValleyEgyptian

River Valley

The history of linguistic scripts in India followed a totally different line from that of the languages themselves. There are more than four hundred symbols in this script. It is highly likely that these symbols are a mixture of hieroglyphs, ideograms, syllabic graphs and other such patterns. So far, the available examples of the script consist of very short phrases or sentences comprised of 5 to 26 characters. In a recent discovery, researchers unearthed at Harappa, what seems to be the earliest known writing in the world -dating from 3500 BC.

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Record Keepingromeos class. 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=https://gizzisgoodies.wikispaces.com/6th hour Indus Valley Civilization>.

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Cities

The two main cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, may have been twin capitals both were large, some three mile circumference. Each was dominated by a massive hilltop structure, probably a fortress or temple. Both cities had huge warehouses to store grain brought in from outlying villages.

>period209110. 2011. 1. Web.

<http://period20910.wikispaces.com/Sedentary

Urban Living.

Streches across present day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan Surroundings. Natural borders consisted of mountains and the Arabian Sea, sheltering the civilization from attack and disease. Water from the river fertalized and irrigated crops. Proximity to the river allowed boats to become a viable transportation option.

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Map

wstern civrusso. 2011. 1. Web. <http://westerncivrusso.blogspot.com/2011/02/post-4-come-to-indus-river-valley_17.html>.

The religion of the Indus river valley since the beginning of time has been Hinduism. Hinduism toady is still worshiped in India and many other parts of the world.

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Religionindian religion. 2011. 1. Web. <http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0109-indian-religion.php

In the beginning of the Indus River Valley Civilization, most people farmed, however, when farming techniques became better, less people needed to farm, and more jobs were available. Some of the occupations besides farming were weaving, pottery, metal working, jewelry making, stone cutting, and trading. Clay seals were very popular in the Indus River Valley Civilization. The seals depicted elephants, water buffalo, and tigers. The most common animal found on these clay seals was the unicorn. Due to the large amounts of clay seals found, there must have been a large amount of potters and artists. The larger Ancient Indus River Valley cities were trading centers, and they traded their seals with Afghanistan, Iran, Babylonia, Egypt, and even Mesopotamia. They also traded around the Mediterranean with large one masted boats. The Ancient Indus River Valley people kept and domesticated many animals including oxen, buffaloes, goats, sheep, pigs, donkeys, cows, and chicken. They also planted cotton and a wide variety of other plants according to the flood cycles of the Indus River. Another important industry was bead making. The people living in the Indus River Valley were very skilled at jewelry making. The jewelry they made could be made of shell, bone, or clay. The pottery that has been.

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Specilization

glogster. 2011. Web. <http://ptychulski.edu.glogster.com/>.

Large irrigation systems such as dikes were use to water farmer’s crops farther inlandFirst civilization in the world to develop precise measurement and weighing equipment with weights and balancesMost technology was used to aid in agriculture like plows and irrigation ditches these tools made it easier for farmers to plant crops to harvest them they had tools called scythes or sickles to harvest their crops easier.Other trade technologies such as boats and carts were employed to facilitate trade. These boats were single masted and simple, the carts were very simple just pulled by oxen and were only to carry objects like trading goods or pottery.

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Technology

lost cities. 2010. Web. <http://dunapustak.net/lost-cities-2.html>.

In ancient Egypt cats were mummified along with important people in society. The cat was considered a special creature and most emperors owned one and was buried with it.

>1995. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.forum.egyptiandreams.co.uk/viewtopic.php?t=3316.

Worksofart.sep9.11.www.metmusem.org

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Cat Sarcophagus

Gesso is an ancient protein-based painting method that is generally used in frescoes, wooden boxes or statuary. Minerals provided bright colors for the paints, and colors were versatile--they could either be opaque or transparent, according to how the paints were layered.

What Is the History of Gesso? | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_4571689_what-history-gesso.html#ixzz1Zw8U2DT6Summittours.sep.9.11www.sacred-destinations.com

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Gessoed Board

akn. 1996. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/weapons.htm>.

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Egyptain Ax

Axes were used very early in Egyptian warfare, though at first they were perhaps no different than the tool used for peaceful purposes, such as cutting would. As a practical weapon, it was the battle axe that eventually replaced the mace as one of the Egyptian military's primary closecombat weapons.

A sickle is a hand-held agricultural tool with a variously curved blade typically used for harvesting grain crops or cutting succulent forages chiefly for livestock feeding purposes, either in fresh green state or as hay.The diversity of sickles that have been used around the globe is staggering. Between the dawn of the Iron Age and present, hundreds of region-specific variants of this basic forage-cutting tool were forged of iron, later steel. Within the industrial set-up, when the trip hammer took over from men swinging their strong arms at the anvil (between 16th and 17th century) some models of sickles were produced in up to six different sizes.One noteworthy feature of sickles is that their edges have been made in two very distinct manners/patterns - smooth or serrated. While both can (albeit with a different technique) be used for cutting either green grass or mature cereals, it is the serrated sickle that still dominates the duty of harvesting grain with other words the reaping.

metmusem.9sept,2011.15 sept 2011 www.metmusem.org,images/h2/h2/11.166.1jpg

wikapedia. sep. 28 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sickle>.

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Sickle Sword

Labor was very important in ancient Mesopotamian society and was very influential to the rest of the world. Everyone in the society would produce great amounts of labor such as priests, the kings, common people, and slaves. Everyone contributed labor wich became a very large specialization of the people in the civilization.

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Labor

specilization of labor-mes.. wiki, 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mesopotamian labor&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw=1910&bih=1029&tbm=isch&tbnid=e2otVXTdLWsOiM:&imgrefurl=http://period40910.wikispaces.com/Specialization+of+Lor-Mesopotamia

The earliest civilization in China settled on the banks of the Huang He. Ever since, the river has been a source of life and death. The river has flooded so often that is has become known as the River of Sorrow. Possibly the worst flood in written history occurred in 1931. Between July and November of that year, the river overflowed its banks, flooding about 34,000 square miles of land completely and about 8,000 square miles partially. Entire villages and huge amounts of agriculture and farmland were washed away.

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Cityvillages. 1st. 2011. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://points2reward.com/?f>.

People in the Huang He River Valley used oracle bones to communicate with their ancestors. Ancestor worship was important to kings and nobles. They worshiped their ancestors by communicating with them through oracle bones. They also worshiped their ancestors by bringing food and wine to various temples. People of the Huang He thought that when someone died, their soul went on to the afterworld. It was also thought that their ancestors had magical powers. Priests would carve in people's questions into the oracle bones. The priest then held a hot pin over the bone to make cracks in the bone. These cracks would then be studied by the priest in order to determine the person's answer. This picture is important because this is what the people of the Huang He River Valley used to communicate with their ancestors and practice their religion

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Oracle BoneGeneral Introduction of Chinese Calligraphy. 2004. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.art-virtue.com/introduction/2-

Egypt is located in North Eastern Africa and is just South West Of the Middle East. The Largest river runs through it. (The Nile). Supplying their water source, fertile soil, and commerce.

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Map

Worksofart.sep19.<www.metmuseum.org>

This masterpiece of Egyptian wood carving was discovered in a hidden chamber off the entrance passage into the rock cut tomb of Meketre, an important official who began his career under Mentuhotep II of Dynasty 11 and continued to serve successive kings into early Dynasty 12. Together with a second, very similar female figure the statue flanked the group of twenty two models of gardens, workshops, boats and a funeral procession that were crammed into the chamber's narrow space.

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Offering Bearer

offering bearer. 1995. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.metmuseum.org/Collections/search-the-collections/

100000427>.

The sacred scarab long associated with rebirth and good luck. It was often found in place of the heart or placed on the "belly buttons".  The placement of the scarab in the heart was particularly significant as the Ancient Egyptians believed the heart was more important than the mind.  

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Scarab Braceletscarab. 1993. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://www.fromcairo.com/amulets.htm>.

Ancient Mesopotamia lied in the area of today's middle east. The area is rich in farmland in the west and natural recourses in the east. And many rivers in the middle fueled the mountains terrain in the north the feeds into the gulf of Aden.

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Map

atlas. 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=sitesatlas.com>.

For the ancient Mesopotamians, their cities were the centers of life. Ancient Mesopotamia is where the world's first cities appeared around 4000 - 3500 B.C.

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City

first cities. 2011. 1. Web. <http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/ED/TRC/MESO/cities.html>.

Religious beliefs and practices followed by the Sumerian and Akkadian (Assyrian/Babylonian) peoples living in Mesopotamia (around the area of modern Iraq) that dominated the region for a period of 4200 years from the fourth millennium BC to approximately the 3rd century AD.[1] Christianity began to take root among the Mesopotamians in the 1st Century AD, and over the next 300 years the native religion largely died out. However, it is known that the god Asher was still worshipped in Assyria as late as the 4th Century AD and it is rumoured that Ashurism was still practiced by tiny minorities in northern Assyria (around Harran) until the 17th Century AD. Commonly thought of as a form of paganism, Mesopotamian religion was polytheistic, worshipping over two thousand different deities,[2] many of which were associated with a specific city or state within Mesopotamia

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Religionmesopatminan religion. 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamian_religion>.

In ancient Mesopotamia all records were engraved into stone before paper was invented. First they were engraved in pictures then once a form or writing was invented they were engraved in writing.

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Record Keepingancient record keeping. 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=eslsocialstudiesexploratorium.blogspot.com>.

The records of ancient Greece were usually recorded on clay tablets or pots because paper had not yet been invented. The records were usually written in pictures or symbols.

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Record Keeping record keeping. 1996. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://gwenminor.com/?p=713>.

Many Greek people recognized the major gods and goddesses: Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Ares, Dionysus, Hephaestus, Athena, Hermes, Demeter, Hestia and Hera though philosophies such as Stoicism and some forms of Platonism used language that seems to posit a transcendent single deity. Different cities often worshipped the same deities, sometimes with epithets that distinguished them and specified their local nature.The religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece, to the islands and coasts of Ionia in Asia Minor, to Magna Graecia, and to scattered Greek colonies in the Western Mediterranean, such as Massalia. Greek religion was tempered by Etruscan cult and belief to form much of the later Ancient Roman religion.

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Religion

religion. 2011. 1. Web. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_anc

ient_Greece>.

The ancient civilization of Athens Greece specialized in many things. One thing was there art. This picture is of a clay pot constructed In Athens depicting records of that time in picture form.

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Artgreek art. 2005. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=pantherfile.uwm.edu>.

A large part of greek culture was war. One of the many technological advancements was the cross bow. Not only was it used for war but used for purposes of hunting and protection.

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Technologymilitary tech. 1995. 1. Web. <http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t500285/>.

Athens was the largest city in Greece, and controlled a region called Attica. Between the many mountains were fertile valleys, with many farms. Athens became rich because Attica also had valuable sources of silver, lead and marble. Athens also had the biggest navy in Greece.Athens was a beautiful and busy city. People came to the city from all over Greece, and from other countries, to study and to trade. The city's most famous building was the temple called the Parthenon. It stood on a rocky hill called the Acropolis. Inside the Parthenon stood a statue of the city's protector-goddess Athena.

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City

ancient greece. 2011. 1. Web. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/athens/>.

Athens is A great City Built in the middle of Greece as the capital. Athens is located between 4 mountains on a plain. The area surrounding Athens has beautiful scenery and is perfectly located for large construction.

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Mapathens. 2011. 1. Web.

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athens>.

This ancient rock was carved with records from ancient china. Before a form of writing was invented all records would be kept on a large rock in pictures. To keep from loosing the records they were engraved to a large immovable rock.

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Record Rock

cultrual china. 1st. 2007. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://history.cultural-china.com/en/182History5911.html>.

The nation of china is the oldest nation in the world. It is located in the middle of Asia and is thee 2nd largest nation in Asia. The Chinese river valley is located in northern china and is supplies with water from the mtns in Russia and empties into the pacific ocean.

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Map

china river vally current events. 1st. 2011. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://ehsworldstudiesjackoboice.wikispaces.com/China+-+Huang-He+River+Valley+%28Current+Events%292>.

Nautical technology and engineering was discussed extensively by Song Yingxing. Song noted that in northern China the chief means of transportation was by carriage and cart, while in southern China it was by ship and boat. He provided various nuances about nautical matters, such as metal anchors for battleships and sea-going vessels weighing up to 30,000 catties. Song noted that there were thousands of names classifying different boats found in China, which was often named in accordance to their overall shape, cargo capacity, and quality. For example, he described the layout and construction of the grain tribute boat as a shallow, flat-bottom craft, with the preferred woods of cedar and chestnut being used to construct the bulkhead compartments of the hull. Song also wrote of the methods used by the Chinese in his day for pearl diving in Guangdong. Song wrote that these divers were able to stay underwater for prolonged periods of time since a secure rope was tied around their waists connected to the ship as they breathed through a long curving pipe that led up above the surface of the water. This long breathing tube was strengthened by rings of tin and fastened to a watertight leather face mask.

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Ships

Nautics - Song Yingxing and Tiangong Kaiwu (Science and Technology . 2007. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=http://history.cultural-china.com/en/50H6396H12174.html>.

Buddhism is a religion and philosophy that developed from the teachings of the Buddha Gautama, who lived as early as the 6th century BC. Spreading from India to Central and Southeast Asia, China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism has played a central role in the spiritual, cultural, and social life of the Eastern world and during the 20th century has spread to the West. This article surveys Buddhism from its origins to its elaboration in various schools, sects, and regional developments.

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Religion

buddhism. 1st. stalwalt design, 2002. 1. Web. <http://books.google.com/books/feeds/volumes?q=©2001-2004 2002china.net. info@2002china.net All rights reserved. Designed by Stalwart Web design>.

Utopia is a place that is perfect for it's creator. So this utopia is a city on the water with under water exploration opportunities the people on this city would all have equal rights. There would not be over crowding for the simple reason that this civilization basically wants to meet the needs of it's inhabitants not necessarily the wants though.

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Cities

.”< http://uncorrectedpersonalitytraits.blogspot.com/2006_09_01_archive.html>.Nd. Web. 9 oct. 2011

Specialization for our city is mining of underwater/ island diamond and other gem deposits for the sake that the city won't have poverty issues. This is possible because the city is equipped with radar that detects just gems and a fuel source which happens to be very abundant where they search for these gems (coal) but they burn it environmentally friendly and separate all the carbon from the oxygen and use it to power the ship still.

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Specializationhttp://discovermagazine.com/2009/may/04-can-giant-robots-successfully-mine-the-mile-deep-seafloor/mining.jpg>. Nd. Web. 9 oct. 2011

The record keeping for our civilization is all holographic and super computer. The holographic part as in computer scenes are all touch but they are just light waves not an actual solid object and the super computer is where all the information is stored and the little sub computers don't have the ability to hack so there is no need for fire walls and since the ship is basically it's own power plant it doesn't need generators but it has them just in case.

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Record Keepinghttp://blogs.discovery.com/good_idea/2011/03/is-this-a-good-idea-wearable-holographic-motion-sensitive-

computers.html>.

Complex institutions are were a democratic and each of the government officials have more strict rules to live by than the law following citizens. This basically prevents the government from being to strong but still makes them the stronger part of the city.

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Government

http://www.politicalinsightmagazine.com/?p=39>. Nd.web.9 oct. 2011

Technology of this place is basically surround vision where everything from the floor walls and ceiling are like you are actually in the movie/ series/ or video you happen to be watching. Another piece of the technology is the work phone which is a hat that is the entire phone/ PDA and has brain searching technology which means all you have to do is think who you want to call and they are called. Another part of our technology is the drills we use and they are plasma firing drills which cut through only rock so when the find gems or coal it stops and then the excavate it with plasma pickaxes, they are like swinging air they are so light, and then when they finish mining the area they cover then hole and stabilize it so it won't cave in.

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Technologyhttp://blogs.discovery.com/good_idea/2011/03/is-this-a-good-idea-wearable-holographic-motion-sensitive-

computers.html>.

Legend Has it that Rome Was Founded On Palentine Hill By The First King Of Rome, Romulus. Capitoline Hill Was Soon Added As Part Of Roman Territory Which Became The Religious Center. Later Rome Grew, Encompassing 7 Hills Known As The 7 Hills Of Rome Enclosed By The Aurelian Walls.

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Cities

Onthemovewithus.comhttp://onthemovewithus.com/Spring2010.aspx (Picture)

seindal.dkhttp://sights.seindal.dk/sight/2_Rome.html (Words)

The Social Structure After The Fall Of The Roman Empire Was The Church. Rome’s Collective Religion Was Roman Catholicism. Soon Rome Became The Catholic Capital Of The World.

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Complex Organization

seindal.dkhttp://sights.seindal.dk/sight/2_Rome.html (Words)Jesus-is-savior.comhttp://www.jesus-is-savior.com/False%20Religions/Roman%20Catholicism/catholic_church_is_a_big_hoax.htm (picture)

Rome Excelled In Advancements of Civil Engineering Building And Warfare. One Of Their Greatest Accomplishments Would Be Julius Caesar’s Bridge Which Was Built and Disassembled In Record Time Over The Rhine River.

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Technology

Mariamilani.comhttp://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/ancient_roman_technology.htm (Words&Picture)

Romans Were Meticulous Record Keepers. They Kept Records Of Census For Taxing Purposes, Owners Of Property, Trade, Weather, And Of Politicians. Romans Also Kept Records Of Individuals And The Empire Itself.

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Record Keeping

answers.comhttp://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_Record_Keeping_and_Writing_in_Ancient_Rome#ixzz1aK3E3y8z (Words)Photography-on-the.nethttp://photography-on-the.net/forum/showthread.php?t=582483 (Picture)

Romans Specialized In Warfare. For The First Few Centuries Rome Was Involved In Several Wars w/ Neighboring Countries. Rome Incorporated The Results Of Warfare To Better Itself. (Taking Loot, Conquered Land Etc.)

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Specialization

Wikispaces.comhttp://sljglobal.wikispaces.com/faithlaurence (Picture)Wikipedia.orghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaties_between_Rome_and_Carthage

Rome’s Geography May Have Been The Secret To Rome’s Success. Rome Was Built On Low Land Rather Than High Land (Lowest Point Pantheon-Highest Point Monte Mario Hill.) And They Relied On Their Easy Access To The Sea For International Trade.

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Map

Mariamilani.com.http://www.mariamilani.com/ancient_rome/Ancient%20Rome%20Geography_.htm