msis 110: introduction to computers; instructor: s. mathiyalakan1 software: systems and application...
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MSIS 110: Introduction to Computers; Instructor: S. Mathiyalakan 1
Software: Systems and Application Software
Chapter 4
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• When selecting an operating system, you must consider the current and future needs for application software to meet the needs of the organization. In addition, your choice of a particular operating system must be consistent with your choice of hardware.
– Identify & describe the functions of the 2 basic kinds of software.– Outline the role of the operating system & identify the features of
several popular operating systems.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Do not develop proprietary application software unless doing so will meet a compelling business need that can provide a competitive advantage.
– Discuss how applications software can support personal, workgroup, and enterprise business objectives.
– Identify 3 basic approaches to developing applications software and discuss the pros and cons of each.
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Principles and Learning Objectives
• Choose a programming language whose functional characteristics are appropriate to the task at hand, taking into consideration the skills and experience of the programming staff.
– Outline the evolution of programming languages.
• The software industry continues to undergo constant change; users need to be aware of recent trends and issues to be effective in their business and personal life.
– Differentiate among the five generations of programming languages.
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An Overview of Software
• Computer program - sequences of instructions for the computer
• Documentation - describes program functions
• Systems software - coordinates the activities of hardware & programs
• Applications software - helps users solve particular problems
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The Importance of Software in Business
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Supporting Individual, Group, and Organizational Goals
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Operating Systems
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Operating Systems
• Perform common hardware functions• Provide a user interface• Provide hardware independence• Manage system memory• Manage processing• Control access to system resources• Manage files
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The Role of the Operating System
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Common Hardware Functions
• Accept keyboard input• Store data on disks• Send data to output devices
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User Interface
• Command-based interfaces• Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
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Hardware Independence
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Memory Management
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Processing Tasks
• Multitasking - more than one program can run at a time using a single processor
• Time-sharing - multiple users can simultaneously use the resources of a single processor
• Scalability - easy adaptation to more users or tasks
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Access to System Resources
• Protection against unauthorized access• Logins and passwords
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Personal Computer Operating Systems
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Workgroup Operating Systems
• Netware• Windows NT Server 4.0• Windows 2000 Server• Unix• Red Hat Linux• Mac OS X Server
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Enterprise Operating Systems
• IBM’s OS/390• HP’s MPE/iX (Multiprogramming Executive with
integrated POSIX)• IBM’s z/OS• Linux
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Consumer Appliance Operating Systems
• Windows CE.NET• Mobil Linux• Windows XP Embedded• Handheld PC• Pocket PC• Palm OS
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Nokia 7650
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Utility Programs
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Types and Functions of Applications Software
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Sources of Software
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Comparison of Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software
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Personal Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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Personal and Application Software
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TurboTax
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Quicken
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Word Processing
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Spreadsheet Analysis
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Database Applications
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Graphics Programs
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On-Line Information Systems
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Software Suite
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Major Components of Leading Software Suites
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Workgroup Application Software
• Groupware
• Collaborative computing software
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Group Scheduling
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Examples of Enterprise Application Software
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Enterprise Application Software
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Selected Enterprise Resource Vendors
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Programming Languages
• Commands and statements combined according to a particular syntax
• Different languages have different characteristics
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Programming Languages
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First-Generation Languages
• Machine language• ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
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Second-Generation Languages
• Assembly languages• Assemblers• Symbolic language
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Third-Generation Languages
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Fourth-Generation Languages
• 4GLs• Programs tell the CPU the desired results, not
how to get them• Examples: SQL, SAS
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Fifth-Generation Languages
• 5GLs• Uses a visual or graphical development interface
to create source language• Examples: Visual Basic, PC COBOL, and Visual
C++
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Object-Oriented Programming Languages
• Objects - data and actions that can be performed on the data
• Encapsulation - group items into an object• Polymorphism - one procedure can work with
multiple objects• Inheritance - an object in a particular class gets
attributes of that class
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Object-Oriented Programming Languages
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Software Issues & Trends
• Software bugs • Open source software • Software licensing• Software upgrades• Global software support• Antitrust issues for software
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How to Deal with Software Bugs
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Summary
• Software - consists of programs that control the workings of the computer hardware
• Operating system - set of computer programs that controls the computer hardware
• Application - software that applies the power of the computer to solve problems and perform specific tasks
• Programming languages - provide instructions to a computer to perform some processing activity