ms. buffalino 9apmshistorybuff.com/9 pre-ap/final keys/2019/kara.pdfgita, mahabharnta, ramayana...
TRANSCRIPT
Ms. Buffalino
9AP The content you are being tested on is coming from: this packet, class
notes, quizzes, exams, assigned readings, homeworks and class projects. TBD Exam Format: 55 M.C., 3 SAQs, and an LEQ essay.
This review packet was created by Ms. Buffalino in order to prepare students for the AP World Final on
_____________. Students are to use their AP Barron’s Review Book, Prentice Hall Review Book (digitally), Weekly Assignment Book, and Traditions and Encounters textbook/website while filling out this review packet.
Throughout the packet Ms. Buffalino has even referenced page numbers and the recommended reference source(s) for additional assistance! SAVE THIS FOR NEXT YEAR – THIS IS THE FIRST HALF OF NEXT YEAR’S
REVIEW PACKET. You will need this when studying for the AP Examination NEXT YEAR. Sections from this packet will be assigned throughout the remainder of the school year. The first half of this packet was
completed for midterms. The final, completed packet is due Tuesday May 14, 2019.
Students should also be studying sample essays and sample multiple choice questions on their own. Sample questions can be found under Ms. Buffalino’s “Useful links” on her website as well as in the
AP Barron’s Review Book/CD.
Student’s Name (Printed): Kara Yim
Student’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Parent’s Signature: ______________________________________________
Assigned Date: 3/28/19
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 2
Geography Review
Category Russia India England China Japan Latin America Africa
Important Geographic Features
-lack of warm water ports -Ural Mountain -Strait of Dardanelles
-Himalayas -subcontinent -limited cultural diffusion -monsoons -Deccan Plateau -Western & Eastern Ghats
-island -can industrialize because of some features
-Gobi Desert -Himalayas -isolation -monsoons -ethnocentric
-lack of natural resources -island -mountains
-Andes mountains -> terrace farming -diverse -rainforest
-Sahara Desert -savannahs -mountain ranges & highlands in East
Impact of Features Socially
-little cultural diffusion
-isolation -island -trade -natural barriers
-little cultural diffusion
-isolation -diverse population
-lack of water -a lot of migrations (ex. Bantu) -cultural diffusion
Impact of Features Politically
-little cultural diffusion -later gained Black Sea & Baltic Sea
-isolation -strong army -little cultural diffusion
-isolation -easily invaded
-diverse population
-invaded easily -source of raw materials
Impact of Features Economically
-no warm water ports -cannot grow economy
-agriculture affected by monsoons -fertile land
-increased trade -less farmland Industrial nation
-rely on agriculture -fertile soil in the East -economy cannot grow fast
-little farming -food = fish
-diverse lands -deforestation-> more farmland
-new agriculture techniques
Use class notes
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 3
AP World Regions
These are referenced for the MC and Essay Questions.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 4
Technological and Environmental Transformations
10,000BCE to 600 BCE
What was the Paleolithic Era and why is it significant?
The Paleolithic Era is also known as “the Stone Age”. This is the time before the Neolithic Revolution occurred so tools were not as refined. Nomads wandered around for food in
small groups, which can help cultures spread.
What is the significance of hunting-foraging bands of humans gradually migrating from their origins in East Africa to Eurasia, Australia and the
Americas? These hunting-foraging bands of humans allowed for more population and for
ideas/cultures to be spread easily.
What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?
The Neolithic Revolution is the time after the Paleolithic Era when agriculture was discovered and people settled down in one area. More refined stone tools were also
developed. This revolution also marked the beginning of gender equality because men would work and women would care for the house and children and social classes
because some people would have more crops than others.
Define: pastoralism and give an example of where it was used
Neolithic
Revolution
How did agricultural
advancements impact society?
Permanent
settlements
Social classes/
gender inequality
More food and
refined tools
Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73, 76-80, 154
5 Steps to a 5: 65-69 Prentice Hall Unit 1
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 5
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 6
Pastoralism is the type of agriculture that is aimed at
livestock. It was used in many different civilizations, like ancient Mesopotamia.
Ancient Civilizations Chart
Civilizations Geography Religion Government Contributions
Egypt
-North Africa and
Middle East
-Nile River (flows
North)
-delta (silt
deposits)
-fertile land
-polytheistic
-Amon Re = sun god,
Osiris = god of the
Nile
-afterlife
-
mummification
-pyramids
-pharaohs resembled
gods on Earth
-pharaoh (head of
Egypt) represented
gods
-writing
(hieroglyphics)
-papyrus ->
paper
-science
(medicine), art,
architecture
-calendar
Mesopotamia (Sumer)
-modern-day
Iraq, Iran, and
Syria
-Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers
-lack of natural
barriers
-crescent shaped
-polytheistic
-ziggurats
-city-states
-self-governed,
walled,
decentralized
-Code of Hammurabi
-writing
(cuneiform)
-calendar
Indus River
Valley (Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro)
-modern-day
Pakistan and
India
-various land
types
-fertile land
-subcontinent
-monsoons
-Indus and
Ganges Rivers
-unknown
(polytheistic?
Monotheistic?)
-temples
-organized cities with
grid pattern
-citadel on top of a hill
in each city
-sewers,
plumbing
-cotton -> clothes
-writing
-wells
-system of
weights and
measures
-pottery,
weaving, and
metalwork
China
-most live on
Eastern coast
-isolated
-monsoons
-mountains,
deserts, jungles
-Yangzi (loess-
yellow silt) and
Huang He Rivers
-polytheistic
-dead communicated
with gods to help the
living
-afterlife
-oracle bones tell
future (read cracks
from heat)
-Daoism,
Confucianism
-kings (monarch)
Nobles
Merchants
Peasants
-clans
-dynasties
-dynastic cycle:
Dynasty -> peace ->
war -> loss of Mandate
of Heaven -> dynasty
-writing
(pictographs and
ideographs) still
not fully
translated today
-Zhou literature
(many books)
Terms and Concepts Answer/Description
Prentice Hall, pages 4-8 5 Steps to a 5: 70-73, 76-80, 154
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 7
1. What is a nomad? A nomad is someone who wanders/never
fully settles down somewhere. The number of nomads decreased after the
Neolithic Revolution.
2. Define irrigation: Irrigation is the action of adding water to
the toil used in Mesopotamia.
3. Define: social stratification Social stratification is the different social
classes in the social hierarchy.
4. What role did women play in ancient civilizations?
Women in ancient civilizations acted as a
housewife. Their main priority was care for the children and the house.
5. How did agriculture and pastoralism
transform human society (social structure/technology)?
They caused men to be superior to women because the men worked while
women stayed home. People also began to be separated into social classes.
6. How did improvements in agricultural production, trade and
transportation impact metallurgy?
Improvements in agriculture caused more
refined stone tools. Improvements in
trade caused people to spread ideas (cultural diffusion). Improvements in
transportation caused more trade within wider areas.
7. Define: Compound bows and give an example of where they were
used.
Compound bows are bows that enhanced aim and precision. They allowed users in
war to battle from a further distance. They were used in ancient Mesopotamia.
8. Define: Iron weapons and give an example of where they were used.
Iron weapons were weapons made from
iron metallurgy. They replaced bronze weapons and were used in ancient China.
9. Define: Chariot and give an example of where they were used.
A chariot is a wooden wagon used for
transport. They were used in ancient Greece.
10. Define: Quipu and include where it was used.
Quipu is the technique of record keeping
by tying knots on string. This was used by the Chavins.
11. What is the significance of the Vedic religion during this periodization?
The Vedic religion during this time period
praised gods/goddesses of nature and established a caste system or social
classes.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 8
12. What is the significance of Zoroastrianism during this
periodization?
Zoroastrianism celebrated nature and the
geographic features of an area. Followers believed that there was one God that
created the world.
13. What is the significance of Hebrew
monotheism during this periodization?
The Hebrew monotheism (Judaism) during
this time was the first monotheistic faith, causing more monotheistic faiths to be
founded.
14. Why was China known as the Middle
Kingdom?
China was known as the “Middle Kingdom” because they were
ethnocentric, meaning they thought they were the center of the world.
15. What is a dynasty? What was the mandate of heaven?
A dynasty is a family of rulers. The
mandate of heaven was the god given right to rule.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 9
Trade expanded locally to regional and transregional:
The trade that occurred between Egypt and Nubia allowed for more overseas trading for
both civilizations. The trade between Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley allowed Mesopotamia to thrive.
Describe illustrative forms of literature such as:
1. The Epic of Gilgamesh: a Mesopotamian story of a king searching for
immortality
1.
The Rig Veda: one of the Vedas in Hinduism, “The Knowledge of Verses”,
collection of poems
2.
2. The Book of the dead: believed to help the dead navigate in the afterlife, only
obtainable by wealthy, used by ancient Egyptians
3.
Explain the significance of the
trade that occurred between:
Egypt and NubiaMesopotamia and the
Indus River Valley
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 11
Organization and Reorganization of
Human Societies 600 BCE – 600 CE
Belief Systems (not organized by periodization)
Belief System
Approximate Date, Place of Origin
and/or Place Worshiped
Founder, Beliefs and Sacred
Text
Animism
-originated in different parts of the world
simultaneously
-practiced today in Africa and the
Americas
-no singular founder
-oral texts (can be altered easily)
-everything has a spirit
-worship ancestors
Shintoism
-originated in Japanese archipelago in
500 BCE
-worship in Torri (temples)
-founded by a mix of tribe
religions
-Record of Ancient Matters,
Chronicles of Japan
-everything has a spirit
-worship ancestors
Prentice Hall, pages 21-27 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
5 Steps to a 5: 99-103
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 12
Taoism
-originated in China in 500 BCE
-practiced in southeast Asia today
-founded by Lao Tze
-Tao-te-Ching
-Tao – “the way”
-live in harmony with nature
-Yin Yang= balance in nature,
women were dark and passive
and men were light and heavenly
Hinduism
-originated in Indus Valley in 1500 BCE
-practiced in India today
-worship in temples
-founded by Aryan tribes
-Vedas, Upanishads, Bhagavad,
Gita, Mahabharnta, Ramayana
-Brahma + Shiva + Vishnu = 1
god
-reincarnation
-good/bad karma and dharma
-only men can obtain moksha
(eternal life) because women
didn’t have souls
-castes determined at birth
Buddhism
-originated in India in 566 BC
-spread to China through Silk Road
-meditate in a stupa
-founded by Siddhartha Gautama,
“The Enlightened One”,
originally Hindu
-Tripitaka “Three Baskets of
Wisdom”
-The Eightfold Path helps one
obtain nirvana (eternal life)
-The Four Noble Truths –
Buddhist philosophy
-reincarnation
-good/bad karma and dharma
-way of life, not religion
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 13
Judaism
-originated in Israel in 2000 BCE
-worship in synagogues
-founded by Abraham and Moses
-Torah (Old Testament), Talmud,
Ten Commandments
-monotheistic
-teachings of God
-God is everywhere
Christianity
-originated in modern day Israel in 30
-worship in churches
-founded by Jesus
-The Bible, Ten Commandments
-heaven/hell
-monotheistic
-follow Jesus to obtain eternal
life/salvation
-equality of people
-3 sects: Protestantism, Orthodox,
Catholicism
Islam
-originated in Saudi Arabia (Mecca) in
622 BCE
-worship in mosques
-founded by Muhammad
-5 Pillars of Islam
-daily prayer
-fast during Ramadan (holy
month)
-pilgrimage to Mecca
-help needy/poor
-faith in one god
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 14
Confucianism
What is the difference
between Confucianism and
Neo-Confucianism?
(include which dynasty)
-originated in China in 551 BCE
-practiced in China today
-Neo-Confucianism was practiced during
the Song dynasty and it includes some
influence of Buddhism
-founded by Confucius (Kong
Fuz)
-Analects, 5 Relationships
-education is most important
-everyone has a role in society
-people are naturally good
Zoroastrianism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
-originated in ancient Persia about 3500
years ago
-founded by Prophet Zoroaster
-Avesta
-monotheistic
-God created everything
-must pray several times a day
-people must try their best to be
good everyday
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 15
Sikhism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
-originated in Pakistan in 1469
-worship in temples
-The Golden Temple
-founded by Guru Nanak
-reincarnation
-combination of Hinduism and
Islam
-syncretic faith
Baha’i
T& E
Chapers 7-12
-originated in Iran in 1863
-worship in temples
-founded by Bahá’u’llah
-the Báb
-monotheistic
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 16
Legalism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
-originated in China in 221 BCE -founded by Hanfeizi
-order is power
-weak people are not leaders
Jainism
T& E
Chapers 7-12
-originated in India in 500 BCE
-worship in temples
-no historical founder
-Scriptures of Sventebara
-non-violence
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 17
Important
Concepts
Response
Why were the early faiths polytheistic? Explain.
The early faiths were polytheistic because religion was used to explain the unexplainable.
List the polytheistic religions:
The polytheistic religions are the religions of ancient Mesopotamia, ancient Egypt, ancient China, and ancient India, and Shintoism
List the monotheistic religions:
The monotheistic religions are Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, Daoism, and the Bahái faith
Give three examples of places in the world that practiced ancestor
veneration:
China, the Middle East, and India practiced ancestor veneration.
How did Buddhism change as it spread from India to China?
Buddhism changed as it spread from India to China because when the Buddhist texts were translated to Chinese, they could be mistranslated.
Buddhist women gained more rights than before.
Who was Asoka and what faith did he help to spread?
Asoka was the leader of the Mauryan empire in India. He helped spread Buddhism.
How did Daoism develop Chinese culture? Explain and provide
specific examples.
Daoism introduced the concept of balance with the Yin Yang to Chinese culture. It also taught to respect nature.
Define filial piety:
Filial piety is the honoring of one’s ancestors.
Which two faiths are known for their Missis.ionary work?
Christianity and Buddhism are known for their missionary works.
Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain.
Religion is divisive because if one’s religious tolerance is low, then they might commit hate crimes against other religions.
Why is Jerusalem considered to be a turbulent city?
Jerusalem is considered a “turbulent city” because it is the key place in many different belief systems, like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 18
EMPIRE GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION/SIGNIFICANCE
Assyrians
-ancient Mesopotamia and northern Israel -were paid tributes
-deported many in northern Israel
Babylonians
-southern Israel -exiled many Israelites to Jews
-conquered Judah and destroyed Jerusalem
The conquests of the Assyrians, Babylonians and Roman empires contributed to the
growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.
Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 19
Parthian
Sassanid
Achaemenid
Describe the
significance of
the Persian
empires:
-traded a lot -> more
cultivation
-roads and dams
-ended by Arab
invadors
-not centralized gov’t but
organized by clan leaders
-armed and skilled warriors
-grew animals larger so they
can carry warriors
-constant nomadic invasions
-taxation
-taxation districts allowed
responsibilities to be split and
large empire be ruled
-standardized coins
-Persian Royal Road
-underground canals
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 20
Parthian
Sassanid
Achaemenid
Describe the
significance of
the Persian
empires:
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 21
Greece
Socrates Plato Aristotle
Socratic Method of
questioning as a learning
tool.
Wrote The Republic
Favored a strong,
controlling government
Developed ideas on
government
Favored the one strong and
wise rule as best form.
Considered to be first
western philosopher
Society has three classes:
Philosophers, Soldiers,
and Workers
Human Reason was the
key to learning
Athens Sparta
Prentice Hall, 9-17 5 Steps to a 5: 92-94
Prentice Hall Unit 1: Sections 1 and 2
-women and slaves
had little rights
-laws made by
assembly (only men)
-limited democracy
-trade with other
city-states
-education for boys
-women had more
rights than Athenian
women
-monarchy with 2
kings
-no trade or travel
allowed
-boys trained for war
and girls trained for
motherhood
-Greek city-states
-patriarchal
-slaves
-common language
-same heroes and
beliefs
-Olympic Games
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 22
Rome
What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments?
Hellenistic culture is the mix of Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Indian cultures that was established by Alexander the Great. Under this culture, people advanced art and
architecture, increased women’s rights, became more educated in math and science, established more philosophical schools, and spread cultures.
Terms and Concepts for Greece & Rome Answer/Description
1. Define a direct democracy: A direct democracy is a government where the
people have a say and their votes go straight to
the government, not through a representative
2. Define a republic: A republic is a government where people vote
through a representative, votes can be changed
3. Define patricians and plebeians: A patrician is a wealthy person in ancient Rome
who descended from the ruling class and a plebian
is a less wealthy person than another with the
same job.
4. Who was Pericles?
Pericles was a descendent of a ruling family
(patrician) who led Athens through the
Peloponnesian and Persian Wars.
5. What was the Peloponnesian War? The Peloponnesian War was a war between Sparta
and Athens. Sparta won and Athens fell as a result
of it.
6. What was the Delian League? The Delian League was an alliance between Greek
city-states against Persia, was led by Athens.
How did I, Julius Caesar
pave the way for the
Roman Empire?
I am considered to be
the first Roman
Emperor. Who am
I?
He led a strong army and
later became emperor.
Augustus
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 23
Accomplishments
During the
Pax Romana
What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur?
Who was the leader that began it?
The Pax Romana was the golden age of ancient Rome. It lasted from 27-180CE. It was led by
Octavian, who was the leader of the empire.
Prentice Hall, 15-17 5 Steps to a 5: 94-96
aqueducts
roads Roman law
architecture
(Colleseum)
More trade
Spread of cultures
Roman baths
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Ms. Buffalino, APWH 24
Why was Rome considered to be an administrative institution or centralized form of government?
Rome was considered as an administrative institution because people could vote but the Senate was the most powerful government body.
What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?
The fall of the Roman Empire paved the way for the European Dark Ages.
What lead to the
fall of the Roman
Empire?
Prentice Hall, 18-20 5 Steps to a 5: 94-96
Barbarian invasions
Too dependent on
slaves
Overexpansion and
overspending
Military decline
Spread of Christianity
Political instability
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 25
Who was Shi Huangdhi?
Qin Shi Huangdi was the first emperor of the Qin
dynasty. He established a centralized
bureaucracy, destroyed fortresses to prevent
rebellions, built roads for communication and
military, burned books, and executed anyone
who protested against his rule.
What dynasty is he from?
He was from the Qin dynasty.
Compare and contrast the rise and fall of the Han and Roman Empires:
What is the significance of the Silk Road?
The Silk Road was a trade route from China connecting to many other regions. It spread many religions,
cultures, ideas, and goods.
Who was Han Wudi and why is he significant?
Han Wudi was the “Martial Emperor” of the Han dynasty. He ruled from 141-87 BCE. He strengthened
the central government, formed a bureaucracy based on Confucius’ teachings, raised taxes, set
monopolies, built roads and canals, and increased trade.
Prentice Hall, 18-20 5 Steps to a 5: 90
Han Empire
-Confucianism,
Buddhism, Daoism
-many rebellions
-3 kingdoms
-China
Roman Empire
-Christianity
-divisions of authority
-Eastern and Western Empires
-Mediterranean Sea
Both
-invasions caused the fall
-strong central gov’t
-agriculture
-roads
-taxes
-overspending
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 26
Geographic Study (This means study this )
The number of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously
there had been competing states.
Key States/Empires Approximate Location
Southwest Asia: Persian
Empires
(Achaemenid, Parthian and
Sassanid)
Persia = Iran today
East Asia: Qin and Han
Empires
South Asia: Maurya and Gupta
MesoAmerica: Teotihuacan,
Tenochtitlan, Maya city-states
Andean South America: Moche
Civilization from 100-700 CE
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 27
Briefly, yet thoroughly respond to the following:
1. Define: Corvée
Corvée is the forced labor used in China to build the Great Wall of China.
Describe the relationship between Han China and the Xiongu:
The Xiongu, nomads from central Asia, were raided by the Han army and fell. They had overlapping
territories.
2. Describe the relationship between the Guptas and the White Huns:
The Guptas were invaded by the White Huns, which led to the fall of the Guptas.
3. Define: paterfamilias
Paterfamilias is the “father of the family” in Rome.
4. How did the emergence of yokes, saddles and stirrups alter world history?
The emergence of yokes, saddles, and stirrups altered world history because they helped people ride
camels and other animals. They would become popular because once it was traded, people from other
regions would want to get them, too.
5. How did the domestication of horses, oxen, camels and llamas alter world history?
The domestication of horses, oxen, camels, and llamas altered world history because they improved
speed/transportation. This caused trade to increase.
6. How did the inventions of the dhow and lateen sails alter maritime/world history?
The invention of the dhow helped carry heavy items onto ships and lateen sails helped sailors maneuver
ships.
7. Define: qanat system
The qanat system is the system of underground canals that improved agriculture.
Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters Steps to a 5: 107-108
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 28
600BC – 600 CE
Climate and
Geographic Location: Typical goods traded:
Ethnicity of people
involved: Significance of trade route:
Eurasian Silk
Roads
-from Egypt ->China
-outside was warm
and moist
-inside was cold and
dry
-silk, spices, jewels,
and gold
-Asian, Indian, and
Persian
-spread religion (Buddhism,
Christianity)
-spread diseases (smallpox,
measles, Bubonic Plague)
Trans-Saharan
Caravan Routes
-across the Sahara
-hot and dry
-gold, ivory, slaves,
spices, salt, metal
ware
-African, Italian -camels allowed for
transportation to be easier
Indian Ocean
Trade
-majorly in East
Africa to Asia
-monsoons
-Chinese pottery,
spices, ivory, gold,
iron, porcelain
-Asian, Persian,
African
-allowed for regions near
Indian Ocean to trade easily
Mediterranean
Trade
-Russia, Rome,
Spain, Palestine,
Syria, and North
Africa
-calm waters
-furs, wood, amber,
grain, glass, silk
-Roman mariners -brought Indian goods to the
Mediterranean basin
5 Steps to a 5: 108 Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 29
Regional and Transregional
Interactions 600 CE – 1450 CE
Chose two of the following trade cities and explain the significance of the city during this
periodization: Novgorod, Timbuktu, Swahili City-States, Hangzhou, Calcut, Bagdad, Melada, Venice, Tenochtitlan, Cahokia
City #1 Timbuktu
City #2 Novgorod
-center of gold trade
-on caravan routes
-autonomous
-had a town council -part of Hanseatic League and was a Baltic
city-state -fur trade
-independence taken by Ivan III
Give an example of a civilization that used paper money: Mongols
Explain how this process helped facilitate commercial infrastructure:
Paper money allowed civilizations to give items real value. When trading, not everyone followed the
same currency so people would trade an item for another. Merchants, like the ilkhans, would not accept
money that was not the same currency that they followed so they closed their markets. Also, when the
Mongols declined, their currency lost value due to the loss of confidence so prices increased
dramatically.
5 Steps to a 5: 142 Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 30
The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about
1453.
What was Justinian’s Code and who was
Justinian? -Justinian’s Code was a
law code for the Byzantine empire that
included Greek and Roman aspects
-Justinian was an emperor for the
Byzantine empire
Orthodox Christian Church
-AKA Eastern Orthodox Church
-powerful force in empire
-developed separate traditions
Great Schism -1054
-split between Roman Catholic Church and
Eastern Orthodox Church
Cyrillic Alphabet -alphabet named after
Cyril because he converted slaves to
Orthodox -Slavic language
Orthodox Christianity
-different theological interpretation of
doctrine than Roman Catholics
-more conservative
Autocratic Government
-strong centralized gov’t
-rulers = czars
BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Effect On Russia
Byzantine Empire
Roman Empire
Prentice Hall, 44-47
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 31
Caliphates
Geographic Location
Time Frame
Significance
Umayyad
caliphate
-modern day Syria
-661-750 -Jews and Christians were taxed -overthrown by public because ruling family lived luxuriously
Abbasid
caliphate
-modern day Iraq
-750-1258 -accepted by Shi’tes and Sunni -most detailed maps -concept of 0 -math, art, and architecture -astronomy improved
Delhi Sultanates
-northern India -1206-1526 -big army -temporary bureaucracy and leadership
5 Steps to a 5: 120-121 Traditions and Encounters
Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 32
China
Sui Dynasty Accomplishments
Tang and Song Dynasties
1.
Grand Canal__________________________________
2.
military expeditions_____________________________
3.
palaces and granaries_____________________________
What were three accomplishments that occurred during the Tang and
Song dynasties?
More trade to new areas -> canals
gunpowder
Civil service exams
Prentice Hall, 40-43
5 Steps to a 5: 127-128
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 33
Geographic Location/
Environmental Adaptation
Significance and notable
accomplishments:
Scandinavian Vikings
-Scandinavia -increased agriculture -trade
-raided European lands -advanced sailing
Berbers
-north Africa -governed most of Iberian
peninsula
Bantu
-West Africa, migrated to Southern and Eastern
Africa (throughout the Sahara)
-spread language, iron tools, and farming
The following groups developed diasporic communities:
Muslim merchant communities in the Indian Ocean
Chinese merchants in Southeast Asia
Sogdian merchants throughout Central Asia Jews in the Mediterranean, Indian Ocean basin and along the Silk Road
What is a diasporic community? Explain.
A diasporic community is a scattered community due to a natural disaster or force. This can help
spread cultures, ideas, and religions. Goods could also be traded in these communities. Cross-
cultural interactions occurred as a result of the diaspora, or forced spread, or communities.
5 Steps to a 5: 146-147 Traditions and Encounters, Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 34
Explain: Dar-al-Islam
“House of Islam”
Includes all lands under Islamic rule
What are the characteristics that make up a golden age? Prosperity, accomplishments, peace, technology
List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:
Mosque art, the translation of Greek philosophy, math and science, increase of trade,
and an increase in agriculture.
How were the Muslim scholars influenced by Greek and Indian mathematics?
They were studied before Muslim scholars made comments/contributions to math.
Prentice Hall, 48-53 5 Steps to a 5: 118-123
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 35
III. The Middle Ages
What years are considered the Middle Ages?
476-1500s
feudalism manoralism Catholic Church
How did feudalism
operate?
King gives land to nobles
for military service, who gives land to knights for
food and protection, whose peasants/serfs worked on
the land for food and protection.
How were manors self-sufficient?
Manors generally
Include one or more villages
What was chivalry?
Bravery Code of Chivalry was taken
by knights, who protected women.
Who were the serfs?
Peasants
The Catholic Church was a unifying force in a
time of political instability after the fall
of the Roman Empire.
How did the Church
assert authority over rulers?
They excommunicated anyone who disobeyed the
Church laws.
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIAL
Prentice Hall, 54-63 5 Steps to a 5: 134-138
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 36
THE CRUSADES
Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.
They are considered a “successful failure” because its main goal wasn’t accomplished but
there were many positive effects from it, like more power for the feudal monarchs.
During what years were the Crusades fought?
1095-1291
Causes
1. Pope wanted to gain power and
unite Western and Eastern
Churches
2. serfs can escape
3. nobles wanted power and
wealth
Effects
1. Pope became more powerful
2. Renting land helped serfs be
free
3. Feudal kings gain true power
Prentice Hall, 60-63 5 Steps to a 5: 136-137
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 37
ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION
ISLAM SPREAD TO
AFRICA
-mid 600s-late 600s
-fought at first, then
joined together
against Spain
ASIA
-beliefs spread
primarily through
trade
-Islam spread
around Indian
Ocean
EUROPE
-700s (during
Middle Ages)
-South and
Western Europe
DIFFERENCES
SUNNIS
-caliph (non-religious authority)
should be chosen by leaders
SHIITES
-only Muhammad’s successors
should choose caliphs because
they are “divinely inspired”
Prentice Hall, 48-53 5 Steps to a 5: 121-122
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 38
Define: kow tow
The act of bowing so one’s head touches the floor, shows inferiority
Describe Japan’s geography:
Mountainous, islands, narrow river valleys,
rugged land
Impact of geography on the people:
Hard to farm, natural boundaries, sea of food
and transportation
Geography
Shintoism
Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature
Shrines are located in places of natural beauty
Religion
Cultural Diffusion List two ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China
1. Buddhism/Confucianism
2. Chinese customs/traditions (ex. Music, dancing, art)
Japanese
Feudalism
Prentice Hall, 72-79 5 Steps to a 5: 129-130
Prentice Hall, 72-75
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 39
How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside
world?
They were hostile with foreigners and banned traveling abroad.
What was Heian Japan?
A period of time when Japanese government flourished and new advancements were
made.
Define Bushido
Code of conduct taken by samurai
“The way of the warrior”
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 40
Compare and Contrast
European Feudalism Japanese Feudalism
-Christianity
-trade increased after
Crusades
-Code of Chivalry
-Slowly declines
1200-1500
-women were weak
and delicate
-geographically close
with others
-Shintoism
-trade increased after
Europe
-Bushido
-lasted until modern
era
-women were strong
-archipelago
-social classes
-decentralized
-no trade
-2nd class held true
power
-rigid and lack
mobility
-determined by birth
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 41
Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of
the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China, Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled
horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the Yuan Dynasty in China.
Approximate dates: 1100s, 1279
The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was
as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.
Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia
Who was Genghis Khan?
He was known as the “World Emperor”. He was a skilled leader and he led the Mongols
through their invasion into Europe.
Who was Kublai Khan?
He was the grandson of Genghis Khan. He conquered China
Prentice Hall, 76-79 5 Steps to a 5: 144-146
Absolute gov’t isolation
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 42
Be able to explain the significance of the following people, places or concepts:
1. Hanseatic League:
A commercial alliance between German and Scandinavian cities.
2. Grand Canal:
1100 mile waterway that connects Yellow River and Yangzi River
Started during Han dynasty and finished during Sui dynasty
3. Marco Polo:
Venetian merchant and traveler who wrote of his travels to Asia, which led to the interest in Asian trade.
4. Ibn Battuta:
Muslim scholar who wrote of his visits to Islamic lands, which led to the increase of desire to explore
5. Xuanzang:
Buddhist monk who visited the holy Buddhist sites and learned more about Buddhism
Translated Buddhist treatises into Chinese, promoted Buddhism
6. Toltecs:
Nomads who settles in the central Mesoamerican plateau
Strongly militaristic, believed in human sacrifice
Traditions and Encounters Various Chapters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 43
7. The significance of bananas in Africa:
The cultivation of bananas increased food supply and altered diets.
8. The significance of the spread of cotton, sugar and citrus throughout Dar al-Islam and the Mediterranean
basin:
This spread of goods allowed for wider diets and an increased trade
Agriculture advanced and was exchanged with other societies
9. tributary system:
A system where one city or civilization pays another money, or tribute.
10. Waru waru agriculture:
Agriculture of South America
Prevents erosion with irrigation and raised beds
11. Ethiopian Christianity:
Rulers could trace their family line to Jesus
Tried to make a “New Jerusalem” with underground churches
12. Oligarchy:
Government system where a small group of upperclassmen rule
13. Holy Roman Empire:
962-1806
Loose federation of mainly German states
Emperor elected by princes
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 44
The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.
Population Losses Economic Decline Social and Political Change
Confusion and Disorder
-killed 1/3 of
European population
-35 million Chinese died
-7000 people per day died in Cairo
-farm and industrial
production decreased
-prices increased -workers demanded
higher wages -disrupted trade
-feudalism
decreased because of peasant revolts,
which caused a new political system
(monarchy)
- questioning of
faith -people turned to
magic/witchcraft -people believed
Jews poisoned the wells -> murdering
of Jews
Why is the rat the animal
chosen to represent the
Black Death?
Rats along with fleas
spread the disease
B
L
A
C
K
P
L
A
G
U
E
EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE
Prentice Hall, 82-83 5 Steps to a 5: Page 146
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 45
List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution
What is a guild?
1. Expansion of trade
2. growth of cities
COMMERICIAL
REVOLUTION
LED
TO
Rise of towns
List three
new
businesses
1. Parternships,
Joint Stock
companies
2. banking
3. insurance
Prentice Hall, 84-85
An association that
represented workers of
one occupation
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 46
Global Interactions 1450 - 1750
The Renaissance:
A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on human ability,
potential, and achievement
During what years did the Renaissance occur? 1300s-1500s
List Three Artists
One work for each
List Three Writers
One work for each
1. Da Vinci Mona Lisa
1. Machiavelli The Prince
2. Michelangelo
“Creation” 2.Francesco
Petrarch
Sonnets tes
Laura
3. Rafael
Virgin Mary
3.Shakespeare
Hamlet
Who invented the printing press?
Johannes Gutenberg
What are three effects of the printing press? More books, less expensive duplicates, and the spread of ideas became easier
Define: humanism
The focus on the individual
I wrote that
the ends
justifies the
means.
Who am I?
Machiavelli
Prentice Hall, 84-91 5 Steps to a 5: 183-185
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 47
The Protestant Reformation and the
Counter Reformation
1. Martin Luther 2. John Calvin
What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose?
The Counter Reformation was the time of reforming the Church after the Protestant Reformation and the
Church did reform.
When did the Reformation occur: early 1500s
When did the Counter Reformation occur: 1545
CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Long Term
1. Roman Catholic Church spread
to other parts of the world
2. Humanists wanted a simple
religion and questioned Pope’s
authority
3. Strong kings opposed the
Church’s power
Short Term
1. Sale of indulgences in Germany
2. Martin Luther’s 95 Theses
3. Gutenberg’s printing press spread
ideas
The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:
Long Term
1. Political / religion division
2. Counter Reformation
3. Loss of religious army
Short Term
1. Peasants revolted
2. Holy Roman Empire weakens
3. Persecution/limits on some groups
EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 48
West African Kingdoms (note this chart is includes multiple periodizations)
Ghana (800-1000) Mali (1200-1450) Songhai (1450 – 1600)
Controls trade in gold and
salt across West Africa.
Women work in business
and government.
King has Muslim advisors.
Mali conquers kingdom of
Ghana.
Mansa Musa becomes great
emperor.
Mali controls gold trade
routes.
Timbuktu becomes a great
trading city and center of
learning.
Songhai grows into largest
West African state.
Controls important trade
routes.
Emperor sets up Muslim
dynasty.
Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?
Mansa Musa was a Muslim emperor of Mali who spread Islam, gave gold to the public, and made
Timbuktu prosper.
My Hajj is one of
the most famous in
history.
Prentice Hall, 92-96
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 49
LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica)
OLMECS MAYAS AZTECS INCAS
WHERE FOUND
AND WHEN? (note this chart is
includes multiple periodizations)
-near Gulf of
Mexico
-Southern
Mexico
-300-900
-Valley of
Mexico
-1200s-?
-Mesoamerica
-Andes
Mountains
-1400s-?
POLITICAL
STRUCTURE
(gov’t)
Ruler
Priest
Commoner
Slave
Ruler
Priest
Commoner
Slave
Ruler
Priest
Commoner
Slave
Ruler
Priest
Commoner
Slave
ROLE OF
RELIGION
-polytheistic
-temples for sun
and moon
-pyramids
-polytheistic
-temples
-pyramids
-polytheistic
-pyramid for Tenochtitlan
(sun god) in the
center of town
-human
sacrifices
-polytheistic
-rituals
-sun god was
most powerful
ACHIEVEMENTS
-calendar
-astronomy
-value of 0
-pictograph
writing
-calendar
-astronomy
-calendar
-astronomy
-causeways
(connects 2
lands together)
-fertilizers
-“floating
gardens”
-calendar
-astronomy
-terrace farming
-roads
Prentice Hall, 106-11 5 Steps to a 5: 152-155
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 50
CHINA
1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?
Zheng He died so large ships were forbidden to make
2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation?
China saw itself as the center of everything (ethnocentric)
List the many ways China had influenced the following areas
KOREA WESTERN
EUROPE
JAPAN SOUTHEA
ST ASIA
-Buddhism
-Confucian
ideas
-Chinese
writing and art
styles
-porcelain
making
-printing
-porcelain
making
-gunpowder
-silk
-
Buddhis
m from
Korea
-art,
technolo
gy, and
ideas
-civil
service tests
-
bureaucracy
-Buddhism,
Hinduism,
Islam
CHINA IMPACTS THE
WEST AND ASIA
Prentice Hall, 112-115 5 Steps to a 5: 169-170
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 51
Capital City: Istanbul
Religion: Islam
Successful because of: good
military strategies and technology
Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN:
List two accomplishments:
1. Modernized army
2. Strengthened gov’t and law
system
How did the Ottomans treat different
ethnic and religious groups? How did
cultural diversity and nationalism impact
the Ottoman Empire?
People could follow their own religion as
long as they followed the law. This caused
stronger military and stronger influences
from other places and cultures.
How did Europe contribute to
Ottoman decline?
They had more advanced
technology and they controlled the
Ottoman commerce.
THE OTTOMAN
EMPIRE
YEARS: 1453-20th
century
Define: janissary
Member of elite force in Ottoman
army
Define: devshrime
Christian boys ages 8-18 would
do military training
Prentice Hall 116-118 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167
Traditions and Encounters
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 52
THE AGE OF EXPLORATION
What were the reasons for European exploration?
Europeans wanted to obtain riches from Asia
Three advancements:
1. Printing press
2. gunpowder
3. Maps and naval
technology
How they were useful for exploration:
1. Books on geography and more relating topics
gave more information
2. Cannons on ships
3. Less likely to get lost and it is easier to sail
EXPLORERS
Vasco de Gama
-from Portugal
-found Asian spices
and sold them for very
high prices
Christopher Columbus
-from Italy
-unknowingly
discovered America
when searching for
Asian islands
Ferdinand Magellan
-from Spain
-1st person every to go around a
land fully (went around
Philippenes)
-allowed trade with China and
spread of Catholicism
Prentice Hall 119-125 5 Steps to a 5: 141-145
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 53
5 Steps to a 5: 152-155, 164-165
Conquistadors: Who did he conquer? Reasons for Success?
HERNANDO CORTES
-Aztec empire in Mexico -used armor, horses, and
weapons that were new to
Native Americans
-formed alliances with those
who opposed Aztecs
-diseases killed many Natives
-> loss in faith
FRANCISCO PIZARRO
-Incan empire in Peru -used armor, horses, and
weapons that were new to
Native Americans
-formed alliances with those
who opposed Incas
-diseases killed many Natives
-> loss in faith
How did the colonization of the Americas lead to the spread of smallpox, the measles and
influenza? Explain.
When voyagers/sailors conquer the Americas, they were already infected so they brought it to
the land they conquered.
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 54
Land Empires
Geographic Location Significance/Impact
Manchus
-China after Ming dynasty -invaded different parts of
China
-did not allow intermarriage
of Chinese and Manchus
-banned traveling to
Manchuria and learning the
language
-Chinese men were forced to
shave their heads to submit to
Manchus
Mughals
-almost entire Indian
subcontinent
-spread Islam (some of the
population were Hindus)
-culture had aspects of others
Traditions and Encounters 5 Steps to a 5: 166-167
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 55
Europeans born in Spain
European descent, born in the colonies
A mix of European and Native American or African
How does the hierarchy reflect eurocentrism?
Europeans held the most power
Prentice Hall, 150-151 5 Steps to a 5: 164-166
Peninsulares
:
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 56
Goods from the Americas (be specific) Goods from Europe (be specific)
Maize/corn, potatoes, beans, peanuts, squash,
pumpkin, tomato, chili pepper, avocado, pineapple,
cocoa, tobacco, medicine (quinine)
Wheat, sugar, banana, rice, grape (wine), dandelion,
horse, pig, cattle, lamb, sheep, goat, chicken,
smallpox, measles, typhus
Define MERCANTILISM: System where a country trades with another for more wealth/goods
WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY?
Raw materials
WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY?
Manufactured goods made form the raw materials sent to the parent country
Prentice Hall, 125 5 Steps to a 5: 174
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 57
THE SLAVE TRADE
Prentice Hall, 175-176 Traditions and Encounters
5 Steps to a 5: 178-180
Causes: What did the
Europeans need?
Slaves/workers for
the American
plantations
Effects: List two negatives
of the slave trade
1. Population in
Africa decreased
2. People were forced
to work in a new
country
Which country was the
last in the Americas to
abolish slavery and in
what year?
Brazil in 1888
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 58
Monarch Country Facts
Akbar the Great India
-strengthened central gov’t
-expanded empire
-modernized army
-religiously tolerant
-land reforms
-trade increased
Charles V Spain
-received military threats
-surrendered and divided empire
Philip II Spain
-believed he had divine right to rule
-expanded empire and Catholic
Church’s power
-golden age
-spent a lot of money on oversea
wars
-heavy taxes on middle class
Louis XIII France
-reduced nobles’ power
-not respected by nobles or
Huguenots
-strengthened army
Louis XIV “The Sun King” France
-ruled since he was 5 years old
-sun represented his power
-represented God on Earth
-expanded bureaucracy
-Palace of Versailles
-strengthened army
-persecuted Huguenots
-spend a lot of money, causing debt
The Age of Absolutism
Prentice Hall, 126-130, 146, 152-154
When was the Age of Absolutism?
1500s-1600s
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 59
Louis XVI France
-tried to raise nobles’ taxes ->
protest -> summons Estate General
because they represent general
public
Peter the Great Russia
-centralized royal power
-reduced nobles’ power
-controlled Russian Orthodox
Church
-modernized Russia
-used fear for his demands
Catherine the Great Russia
-gained Baltic Sea ports
-divided empire into smaller
provinces
-wanted to eliminate cruel
punishments
Henry VIII England
-separated Church of England from
Roman Catholic Church
-married 6 women
-left Church because they wouldn’t
allow him to get an annulment
Elizabeth I England
-worked well with Parliament
-people attempted to dethrone her
but failed
-Protestant
Suleiman the Magnificent Ottoman Empire
(Turkey)
-modernized army
-strengthened government and law
system
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 60
1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:
It was when James II was nonviolently overthrown because he was a bad ruler
2) Define Limited Monarchy:
Government where monarch’s power is limited by government
3) What was the Magna Carta?
A document that did not allow anyone to surpass the law
Limited monarch’s power
4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights:
King must work with Parliament
House of Commons controlled finance
No extreme fines or cruel punishments
Habeas corpus (no one can be jailed without a crime charged)
Limited monarchy
1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?
Inquiry from the Renaissance caused scientists to question/challenge
beliefs/theories
2) Scientists and their accomplishments:
Copernicus: discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun (heliocentric), not the
other way around
Rejected by most
Galileo: supported Copernicus’ theory
Studied the sky with a telescope
Challenged Church’s teachings of the world
Newton: discovered gravity
Established the uniform laws of nature
Prentice Hall, 139-143 5 Steps to a 5: 185
When was it? 1500s
Prentice Hall, 129-130
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 61
3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked
at the world?
Scientists used math and knowledge to challenge theories. They relied on experiments instead of others’
statements, which led to the development of the Scientific Method.
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment challenged the accepted beliefs of society, like
how scientists did during the Scientific Revolution.
Enlightenment Thinker Beliefs
John Locke
-people have natural rights (life, liberty, property)
-if gov’t doesn’t protect those natural rights, they
should be overthrown
Montesquieu
-gov’t has three branches: legislature, executive, and
judicial
-separate powers prevent tyranny, which led to checks
and balances
Voltaire
-free speech
-spoke against French gov’t and Catholic Church for
little religious tolerance and intellectual freedom
Rousseau
-The Social Contract- people are naturally good but
society’s evilness corrupts it
-people work for common good
What are natural Rights?
Natural rights are rights that every person has. They include
life, liberty, and property and are protected by the gov’t.
When was it? 1700s
Prentice Hall, 142-145 5 Steps to a 5: 185-186
Ms. Buffalino, APWH 62
Focus points for essays:
1. Geography
2. River Valleys
3. Belief Systems
4. Classical Civilizations
5. Mesoamerica
6. African Kingdoms
7. Chinese Dynasties
8. Middle Ages
9. Renaissance
10. Crusades
11. Trade
12. Cross-Cultural Interactions
13. Patriarchal Societies
14. Past College Board Essays
Study: the intro cue card, essay guides, essay graphic organizers
and rubrics on the website.
GOOD LUCK!