Mr. Buttell APUSH Board Notes Day Part I-II Mr. Buttell APUSH Board Notes Day Part I-II Trends in Antebellum America: New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power Marshall Court decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion. 1.New intellectual and religious movements. 2.Social reforms. 3.Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. 4.Re-emergence of a second party system and more political democratization. 5.Increase in federal power Marshall Court decisions. 6.Increase in American nationalism. 7.Further westward expansion. Manifest Destiny First coined by newspaper editor, John OSullivan in Americans had a right to develop the entire continent as they saw fit. Implied a sense of cultural and racial superiority. A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged. American Progress by John Gast, 1872 Dems --> James Knox Polk 54 40, or Fight! 1 st Dark Horse Candidate Former Gov. of Tennessee Former Speaker of the House Whigs Henry Clay (One Last Try) Liberty Party James Birney 1844 Election Results Texas Wants In Tylers Last Hoorah President Tyler felt the Democrats were given a mandate with Polks win. Uses a Joint Resolution to admit Texas 3 days before leaving office Mexico decries this act Lone Star had become a danger spot, US had no choice Polk Administration 4 Goals 1. Lower the Tariff 2. Resolve the Oregon boundary dispute 3. Restore the independent treasury. 4. Acquire California at any cost. Polks Posturing Orders General Zachary Taylor to march to Rio Grande River past the Nueces River. Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to secure purchase of NM and CA/Rio Grande River as new border. Mexico refuses Slidell. Polk also orders CA revolt in Monterey, CA Mexican forces attack over the river Polk calls for war based on flimsy foundation Congress calls for War Lincolns Spot Resolution Orders General Zachary Taylor to march to Rio Grande River past the Nueces River. Polk sent John Slidell to Mexico City to secure purchase of NM and CA/Rio Grande River as new border. Mexico refuses Slidell. Polk also orders CA revolt in Monterey, CA Mexican forces attack over the river Polk calls for war based on flimsy foundation Congress calls for War Lincolns Spot Resolution The Mexican War ( ) Whig Response, 1846/End of War 1848 Conscience Whigs felt war was a conspiracy to add more slave states. Wilmot Proviso intended to prohibit slavery in any new territory acquired from Mexico; Senate killed the bill Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848, ended the war with Mexico. US paid Mexico $15 million for TX north of Rio Grande, New Mexico and CA territories. Free-Soil Movement grows gaining support from abolitionists. General Zachary Taylor is nominated as the Whig nominee for President and barely wins the election. Congr. David Wilmot (D-PA) The 1848 Presidential Election Results Results of the Mexican War? The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease). New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President. Manifest Destiny partially realized. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+ American lives (mostly of disease). New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics. * Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President. Manifest Destiny partially realized. The Mexican Cession GOLD! At Sutters Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter California Gold Rush, ers Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 California statehood. Southern fire-eaters threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws California statehood. Southern fire-eaters threatening secession. Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: Personal liberty laws Compromise of 1850 Concessions to the North CA admitted as free state Territory disputed by TX and NM to be surrendered to NM Abolition of slave trade (not slavery) in D.C. Concessions to the South Remainder of MX cession, formed into territories of NM and UT, slavery = Pop. Sov. TX to receive $10 million for compensation from federal govt. More stringent fugitive- slave law Compromise of 1850