moving to 3g faster and higher quality networks started supporting better services like video...
TRANSCRIPT
Moving to 3G
• faster and higher quality networks started supporting better services like video calling, video streaming, mobile gaming and fast Internet browsing, it resulted in the introduction of the 3rd generation mobile telecommunication standard (UMTS).
• 3G network were developed to offer high speed data and multimedia connectivity to subscribers
Evolution of cellular technologies
3G Overview• 3G is created by ITU-T and is called IMT-2000
IMT-2000, “International Mobile Telecommunications”
• Wideband Code Division Multiple Access• CDMA 2000 - Code Division Multiple Access 2000• UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System• time division duplex- code division multiple access• Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access• Universal Wireless Communications • Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
Service RoadmapImproved performance, decreasing cost of delivery
Typical average bit rates (peak rates higher)
WEB browsingCorporate data accessStreaming audio/video
Voice & SMS Presence/location
xHTML browsingApplication downloadingE-mail
MMS picture / video
Multitasking
3G-specific services take advantage of higher bandwidth
and/or real-time QoS
3G-specific services take advantage of higher bandwidth
and/or real-time QoS
A number of mobile services are bearer
independent in nature
A number of mobile services are bearer
independent in nature
HSDPA1-10Mbps
WCDMA2
Mbps
EGPRS473kbps
GPRS171kbps
GSM9.6
kbps
Push-to-talk
Broadbandin wide area
Video sharing Video telephonyReal-time IPmultimedia and gamesMulticasting
GSM Evolution to 3G
GSM9.6kbps (one timeslot)GSM DataAlso called CSD
GSM
General Packet Radio ServicesData rates up to ~ 115 kbpsMax: 8 timeslots used as any one timePacket switched; resources not tied up all the timeContention based. Efficient, but variable delaysGSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G)
GPRS
HSCSD
High Speed Circuit Switched DataDedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbpsGood for real-time applications c.w. GPRSInefficient -> ties up resources, even when nothing sentNot as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD)
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolutionmprovement in data rate on short distancesCan fall back to GMSK for greater distancesCombine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbpsCan also be combined with HSCSDWCDMA
UMTS• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS)• UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE• The standardization work for UMTS is carried out
by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)• Data rates of UMTS are:
– 144 kbps for rural– 384 kbps for urban outdoor– 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor
UMTS Frequency Spectrum
• UMTS Band – 1900-2025 MHz and 2110-2200 MHz for 3G transmission– In the US, 1710–1755 MHz and 2110–2155 MHz will be
used instead, as the 1900 MHz band was already used.
UMTS Architecture
SD
Mobile Station
MSC/VLR
Base StationSubsystem
GMSC
Network Subsystem
AUCEIR HLR
Other Networks
Note: Interfaces have been omitted for clarity purposes.
GGSNSGSN
BTS BSC
NodeB
RNC
RNS
UTRAN
SIM ME
USIMME
+
PSTN
PLMN
Internet
Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)[
• Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)• The gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) is a main
component of the GPRS network. The GGSN is responsible for the internetworking between the GPRS network and external packet switched networks, like the Internet
• From an external network's point of view, the GGSN is a router to a "sub-network", because the GGSN ‘hides’ the GPRS infrastructure from the external network.
Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)[
• When the GGSN receives data addressed to a specific user, it checks if the user is active. If it is, the GGSN forwards the data to the SGSN serving the mobile user, but if the mobile user is inactive, the data is discarded. On the other hand, mobile-originated packets are routed to the right network by the GGSN.
• The GGSN is the anchor point that enables the mobility of the user terminal in the GPRS/UMTS networks
Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)[
• The GGSN converts the GPRS packets coming from the SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format (e.g., IP or X.25) and sends them out on the corresponding packet data network
Serving GPRS support node (SGSN)
• A serving GPRS support node (SGSN) is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area.
• Its tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location management), authentication and charging functions. The location register of the SGSN stores location information.
UMTS Network Architecture
• UMTS network architecture consists of three domains– Core Network (CN): Provide switching, routing and
transit for user traffic– UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN):
Provides the air interface access method for user equipment.
– User Equipment (UE): Terminals work as air interface counterpart for base stations. The various identities are: IMSI, TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI, IMEISV
UTRAN
• Wide band CDMA technology is selected for UTRAN air interface
• Base stations are referred to as Node-B and control equipment for Node-B is called as Radio Network Controller (RNC).– Functions of Node-B are
• Air Interface Tx/Rx• Modulation/Demodulation
– Functions of RNC are:• Radio Resource Control• Channel Allocation • Power Control Settings• Handover Control• Ciphering• Segmentation and reassembly
3.5G (HSPA)High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is an amalgamation of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), that extends and improves the performance of existing WCDMA protocols3.5G introduces many new features that will enhance the UMTS technology in future.
4G (LTE)
• LTE stands for Long Term Evolution• Next Generation mobile broadband
technology• Promises data transfer rates of 100 Mbps• Based on UMTS 3G technology• Optimized for All-IP traffic
LTE
Background of LTE
key requirements was defined for the new system • Packet-switched domain optimization • Roundtrip time between server and user equipment (UE) must be
bellow 30ms and access delay below 300 ms • Uplink peak rate 75 Mbps • Downlink peak rate 300Mbps • Improvements to mobility and security • Terminal power efficiency improvements • Capacity increase compared to 3GPP release 6 (HSDPA/HSUPA
Comparison of LTE Speed
HSPA vs LTE
Advantages of LTE
Major LTE Radio Technogies
• Uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for downlink
• Uses Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) for uplink
• Uses Multi-input Multi-output(MIMO) for enhanced throughput
• Reduced power consumption
OFDMA & SC-FDMA
• The LTE air interface uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). Also to reach the agreed data levels multiple input / multiple output (MIMO)
• technologies, together with high rate modulation• OFDMA is used in the downlink of LTE but for the uplink
Single Carrier – Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA)
• OFDM-based technology was chosen for the following reason – it can achieve the targeted high data rates with simpler
implementations involving relatively low cost and power-efficient hardware
multiple input / multiple output (MIMO)
• To minimize the effects of noise and to increase the spectrum utilization and link reliability LTE uses MIMO technique to send the data. The basic idea of MIMO is to use multiple antennas at receiver end and use multiple transmitters when sending the data
LTE impact on network architecture
• The LTE network architecture is an overall flat architecture
• It consists of an e-Node B and SAE gateway. This network is based on a TCP/IP protocol with higher service levels like voice, video, messaging, etc. built on it.
• Based on this, feasibility studies related to All IP networks (AIPNs) were started in 2004 by the 3GPP
LTE Architecture
LTE vs UMTS• Functional changes compared to the current
UMTS architecture
LTE Release 8 Key Features (1/2)
• High spectral efficiency– OFDM in Downlink– Single Carrier FDMA in Uplink‐
• Very low latency– Short setup time & Short transfer delay– Short hand over latency and interruption time
• Support of variable bandwidth– 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz
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LTE Release 8 Key Features (2/2)
• Compatibility and interworking with earlier 3GPP Releases
• FDD and TDD within a single radio access technology
• Efficient Multicast/Broadcast
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Evolution of LTE-Advanced (4G)
• Advanced Multi-cell Transmission/Reception Techniques
• Enhanced Multi-antenna Transmission Techniques
• Support of Larger Bandwidth in LTE-Advanced
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LTE-Advanced (4G)
• Peak data rates up to 1Gbps are expected from bandwidths of 100MHz. OFDM adds additional sub-carrier to increase bandwidth
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LTE vs. LTE-Advanced
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Conclusion
• LTE-A helps in integrating the existing networks, new networks, services and terminals to suit the escalating user demands
• LTE-Advanced will be standardized in the 3GPP specification Release 10 (LTE-A) and will be designed to meet the 4G requirements as defined by ITU
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