`MOSQUITO EGG PREDICTION SYSTEM USING TIME SERIES

ANALYSIS

NUR AMIRAH BT MOHD AMRAN

BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE

(SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT) WITH HONOURS

UNIVERSITI SULTAN ZAINAL ABIDIN

2020/2021

DECLARATION

I here by declare that the report is based on my original work except for quotations and

citations, which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been

previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Sultan Zainal

Abidin or other institutions.

NurAmirah

_____________________________

Name: Nur Amirah Bt Mohd Amran

Date: 27th January 2021

ii

CONFIRMATION

This page is to confirm that this project entitled Mosquito Egg Prediction System Using

Time Series was prepared and submitted by Nur Amirah Bt Mohd Amran (Matric

Number: BTAL18051045) and has been satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and

presentation as partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Bachelor of Computer

Science (Software Development) with honours in Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin. The

research conducted and the writing of this report was under my supervisor.

_______________________________

Name: En Abd Rasid Bin Mamat

Date: 27th January 2021

iii

DEDICATION

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious and the Most Merciful. Alhamdulillah all

praise to Allah s.w.t, I completely finish writing this report successfully. This report

could not have been finished without the support, encouragement and cooperation of

my friends, supervisor, parents and other peoples. Here I would like to thank a lot to my

dedicated supervisor, En Abd Rasid Bin Mamat who has always given ideas and help

me a lot in developing this project successfully despite of lack of time and to the panels

who helped me a lot by reprimanding and improving the shortcomings that arose during

the presentation session. Also not to forget to all lectures who taught me throughout this

semester directly or indirectly because without their guidance, knowledge and

brilliance, I would never could have finish this project. Last but not least, I want to thank

to all my friends that helped me through this project with their moral support. Their

collaboration and support whenever I need them is priceless and without them,

completing this work would not have been possible.

Thank you.

iv

ABSTRACT

World Health Organization (WHO) has shown data that the number of deaths caused

by mosquitoes is the highest compared to deaths caused by other wild animals. Due to

this problem, it urges researchers to explore strategies for mosquito control such as

interrupting their egg development. For the process of mosquito breeding control and

mosquito-borne disease control it is important to know the data on mosquito breeding

in a particular place especially the data on mosquito eggs produced in a day and weekly

to predict the number of eggs in for months and years to come. Therefore, this system

is build. A system of predicting mosquito eggs using time series methods which

involves research officers, admins, stations and stakeholders. Prediction involves taking

data about an event and using it to predict future observations. Time series is a way of

forecasting about anything that is observed in sequence over time. The objective of the

construction of this system is to facilitate the parties involved to update the data on the

number of mosquito eggs taken from certain places and to facilitate the researchers to

control the existence of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases through mosquito egg

data. In addition to predict mosquito eggs during the month and the coming year

according to a particular season. The scope of this system are admins, research officers

and registered stakeholders such as district health offices. Admin can add, update and

delete information of PA (research officer), station and the stakeholders. PA (research

officer) will insert the number of mosquito eggs into the system from each station on a

daily basis. The registered stakeholders can search and view data of mosquito eggs

according to the area they want to see. Admin, PA (research officer) and stakeholders

also can print report on the number of mosquito eggs per station in the form of graph /

table. This system works by PA (research officer) entering data daily and each weekend

the system will calculate the number of eggs then data will be stored in a temporary

v

table. The forecasting method using time series will be used to predict mosquito eggs

in the coming months and years using data that has been stored in a temporary table.

That is how this process will be repeated until the following weeks. The expected result

of this system is to make it easier for the parties involved to update, record and view

predictions on the number of mosquito eggs at each particular station. It will also help

the health officer to control mosquito breeding through data obtained from this system.

vi

CONTENTS

PAGE

DECLARATION Error! Bookmark not defined. CONFIRMATION ii DEDICATION iii ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRACT Error! Bookmark not defined. CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Background 1 1.2 Problem Statement 2

1.3 Objectives 3 1.4 Scope 4 1.5 Limitation of Work 5 1.6 Expected Result 6

1.7 Implementing and planning (Gantt Chart) 7

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 8 2.1 Introduction 8 2.2 Research On Related Techniques 9

2.3 Research On Existing System 12

2.4 Solution Approach 16

2.5 Summary 19

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Iterative Model 20

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement 24

3.4 Framework Design 26

3.5 Context Diagram 27

3.6 Data Flow Diagram 28

3.7 Entity Relationship Diagram 32

3.8 Data Dictionary 33

3.9 Summary 35

REFERENCES 36

vii

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page

Table 1.7.1 : Gantt Chart Table 7

Table 2.2.1 : Table comparisons of research articles 10

Table 2.3.1 : Table comparison of three existing systems in terms of advantages

and disadvantages 15

Table 2.4.2.1 : Mosquito Egg Data 17

Table 3.3.1 : Development software requirement 24

Table 3.3.2 : Development hardware requirement 25

Table 3.8.1 : Table Admin 33

Table 3.8.2 : Table Researcher 34

Table 3.8.3 : Table Registered Stakeholders 34

Table 3.8.4 : Table Station 34

Table 3.8.5 : Table Mosquito Egg Data 35

Table 3.8.6 : Table Temporary 35

viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page

Figure 2.3.1 : Mosquito Alert Application Interface 12

Figure 2.3.2 : Mosquito Tracker Application Interface 13

Figure 2.3.3 : Break Dengue Website Interface 14

Figure 3.2.1 : Iterative Model 21

Figure 3.4.1 : Framework Design 26

Figure 3.5.1 : Context Diagram 27

Figure 3.6.1 : Data Flow Diagram Level 0 28

Figure 3.6.2 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for Admin 29

Figure 3.6.3 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 For Researcher 30

Figure 3.6.4 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for Registered Stakeholders 31

Figure 3.7.1 : Entity Relationship Diagram 32

1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

World Health Organization (WHO) has shown data that the number of deaths

caused by mosquitoes is the highest compared to deaths caused by other wild animals.

Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes have contributed to the death and suffering of

millions throughout human history. Mosquitoes are among the fastest growing animals.

With just one spawn, mosquitoes can produce hundreds of mosquito larvae. Forecasting

are one of the best ways to find out the data on the number of mosquitoes through its

eggs in a place to control its existence and mosquito-borne diseases.

In order to facilitate the management of mosquito egg calculations and

prediction, Mosquito Egg Prediction Website is created. Researchers and related party

no longer need to store data in the form of paper or files which may be easily lost and

difficult to carry everywhere. They just need to enter the data into the system that has

been prepared for their research and the data will be stored securely in the system so

there is no problem of data dropouts or something like that. They also do not have to

calculate and predict manually to know the trend of something. In this system, it

proposed to use the time series method forecasting technique to predict the amount and

trends of mosquito eggs in selected area for the coming month and years. That is how

technology has facilitated various activities and tasks in people lives.

2

1.2 Problem Statement

After conducting research and discussion with the stakeholders, among the

problems presented are: -

1.2.1 Difficulties in data management and storing data

Data lost problems and data damage may occur if the data is stored manually

in the form of booklet or files. Due to the large collection of data on a daily

basis, its have a great risk for data lost or there may be some data missing.

1.2.2 Difficulties in sharing information between related parties

This system is to facilitate the parties involved to share information about the

investigation and related data as they only need to access this system to view

the desired data and store the data.

1.2.3 Difficulties in predicts production of mosquito eggs

In order to control mosquito breeding, it is important for researchers to predict

mosquito eggs to find out the trend of mosquito breeding and take steps to

control it but it is quite difficult to predict it with traditional calculation

methods. It will take a long time and may be less accurate.

3

1.3 Objectives

The objectives of this system are identified as below :-

1.3.1 To study how time series forecasting technique can be implemented in the

system.

1.3.2 To design a process flow, structure of user interface and database for the

Mosquito Egg Prediction System .

1.3.3 To evaluate capabilities of the Mosquito Egg Prediction Website whether that

system can meet the requirements and generate the report to the user.

4

1.4 Scope

The scope can be described by how the system works in relation to the

activity

between system users and systems, which is information that flows between

systems

and users. The scope of this system are Admin, Research Officers (PA) and

registered stakeholders such as district health offices.

1.4.1 Admin

➢ Can view and approve registration of PA (research officer)

➢ Can view and approve registration of Station

➢ Can view and approve registration of Registered Stakeholders

1.4.2 Research Officer (PA)

➢ Can update, delete and view profile.

➢ Can add, delete and update data of mosquito eggs

➢ Can view mosquito eggs data

➢ Can view prediction report of mosquito eggs in each station

➢ Can print the report

1.4.3 Registered Stakeholders

➢ Can update, delete and view profile.

➢ Can view mosquito eggs data

➢ Can view prediction report of mosquito eggs in each station

➢ Can print the report

5

1.5 Limitation of Work

Mosquito Egg Prediction Website is not for public, only for related parties. In this

system, inserting data of the mosquito eggs only can be done by PA(research officer).

This system can be access through a mobile phone or computer and the mobile data or

Wi-Fi connection is needed.

6

1.6 Expected Result

The expected results of this project are to facilitate admin, PA(research officer) and

registered stakeholders in manage the information, store data, view the number of

mosquito egg and forecast the mosquito eggs. This project has been designed to

monitor current situation of mosquito breeding and in the future so that appropriate

action can be taken.

The goals that are achieved by the system are:

i) Instant access

ii) Efficient management of records

iii) Simplification of the operations

iv) Less processing time and getting required information

v) User friendly and flexible for further enhancement

7

1.7 Implementing and planning

Table 1.7.1 below shows the Gantt chart as a timeline guide for the development

of this system.

ACTIVITY/WEEK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Initiating

Discuss topic with

supervisor

Project title

proposal

Planning

Proposal writing :

introduction

Proposal writing :

literature review

Proposal progress

presentation

Proposal solution

methodology

Proof of concept

Analysis and

design

Design system

model

Design database

Design interface

Drafting report of

proposal

Final presentation

Final report

submission

Table 1.7.1 : Gantt Chart Table

8

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter will show about the research done directly or indirectly on the

project. It is important at the project development stage to refer to the research

that has been done. Analysis, observation, summary and evaluation of existing

systems will be made in this chapter. With the information obtained, it can be

used to develop new systems that can provide better functionality compared to

the existing systems and to determine the best approach in order to continue this

project. In my research its related to the method on forecasting. There are so

many methods that had been used in order to make an accurate forecasting but

each method are different approach for different system.

9

2.2 Research On Related Techniques

Evaluations and research conducted on several research papers on how

forecasting using time series methods and other forecasting method that can be

applied to the prediction system. The article that had been chosen in table 2.2.1

is observed the problem statement and method used in this research article.

Using this article, we can sum up the best method to use to develop as a special

feature in this system. As a result of these observations, there are three article

that had been chosen to study in this research.

Table 2.2.1 below shows the comparisons made for some research articles.

Year Authors Title Objective Problem

Statement

Method

Algorith

m Used

Result Future

Work

2012 Abhishek

Agrawal,

Vikas

Kumar,

Ashish

Pandey,

Imran

Khan

An

applicati

on of

time

series

analysis

for

Weather

forecasti

ng

To develop a

model which

comprises this

intelligent

behaviour

which defining

weather

conditions

like

temperature

(maximum or

minimum),

rainfall

etc.

Weather

forecasting has

been one of the

most

challenging

problems

around the

world for more

than half a

century. Not

only because

of its

practical

values in

meteorology,

but it is also a

typical

unbiased time

series

forecasting

problem

Neural

Network

(NN)

The network

is trained

with 60

years of data

for both

maximum

and

minimum

temperature.

After

training

phase the

network is

simulated by

using 40%

of data so

that the

predicted

result can be

verified.

-

10

in scientific

research.

2017 Elvi

Fetrina,

Meinarin

i Catur

Utami,

Anita

Permatas

ari

Forecast-

ing

System

of Office

Supplies

Demand

To compare

two techniques

of forecasting,

namely simple

moving

average (MA)

and simple

exponential

smoothing

(SES) with the

least of

forecasting

error of Mean

Absolute

Deviation

(MAD) in

order to get

high accuracy

of future

office supplies

demand.

Based on the

background

described

above, then the

underlying

problems are:

How to

compare and

choose the

most effective

forecasting

methods to

calculate and

predict the

demand in

order to

determine the

number of

quantity to

order. All of

these are

required to

avoid the the

inventory

problems of

stock out.

Simple

Moving

Average

and

Simple

Exponen

tial

Smoothi

ng

The forecast

method that

has the least

forecast

error is

Simple

Exponential

Smoothing

(SES) with

smoothing

constant of

0.5.

-

2020 Sumi Na

and

Hoonbok

Yi

Applicati

on of

smart

mosquito

monitori

ng

traps for

the

mosquito

forecast

systems

To obtain the

mosquito

prediction

formula by

using the

mosquito

population

data and the

environmental

data of the

past.

As the global

warming

accelerates, the

number of

mosquito

population and

the incidence

of diseases due

to mosquito-

borne diseases

rise, so

research on

mosquito

control and

population

Linear

Regressi

on

Models

The

generalized

linear model

analysis was

conducted

and the

mosquito

population

prediction

formula with

high

accuracy

was gained.

-

11

After studying some research papers as in the table 2.2.1 above, it shows that

Simple Moving Average is the most suitable method to be applied to this system.

monitoring is

urgently

required.

12

2.3 Research on Existing System

As a result of the study's observations on several existing systems, these three

systems were selected for comparison as a guide and improvement for this

system.

Mosquito Alert Application

Figure 2.3.1 show interface of Mosquito

Alert Application. This system is

developed as a Citizen science project to

investigate and control disease-carrying

mosquitoes. Objective of this system is to

study, monitor and fight against the spread

of disease-carrying mosquitoes. User will

be able to report mosquito observations,

mosquito breeding sites, and keep a record

of mosquito bites.

Figure 2.3.1 : Mosquito Alert Application Interface

13

Mosquito Tracker Application

Figure 2.3.2 show interface of Mosquito Tracker

Application. This system is like a report sites for

public to report where mosquitoes like to breed

such as in stagnant water, trash containers,

abandoned pools or fountains, discarded tires, tree

holes, areas of industrial or commercial debris. The

app will automatically upload a GIS-tagged photo

to a global map that will alert local public health

officers to the problem. This will help

epidemiologists and public health agencies make

better decisions.

Figure 2.3.2 : Mosquito Tracker Application Interface

14

Break Dengue Website

Figure 2.3.3 : Break Dengue Website Interface

Figure 2.3.3 above show Break Dengue Website interface. This website is an open

platform to anyone who concerned about the problem of dengue. This online interactive

tool collects information about dengue outbreaks and offers tailored advice to reduce

the spread of the disease.

15

Table 2.3.1 below shows the comparison made between the above three systems in

terms of advantages and disadvantages.

Table 2.3.1

Benchmark

System

Advantage Disadvantage

Mosquito Alert

Application

Easy for user to identify and

notify the presence of five

species of mosquitoes, report

their breeding places in their area

and report the bite received.

Mosquito breeding forecasts

only focus on five specific types of

mosquitoes that may cause

insensitivity to other types of

mosquito breeding.

Mosquito

Tracker Application

Ease for user to report

potential mosquitoes breeding

sites according to the

characteristics of the mosquito

breeding ground.

Type of breeding areas in one

place may not be known in some

other areas so there may be

misinformation

Break Dengue

Website

Provide a lot of dengue

information that make it easier

for users to refer and take

preventive measures based on

advice given.

Descriptions and advice on

preventing dengue are quite general

may not meet the needs of users

16

2.4 Solution Approach

Solution approach is about the possible approach that will be chosen in

developing this system. In order to find the solutions, research on a few related

approaches in time series analysis has been done. Thus, as a result from the

observations. the technique that will be used for this system is Simple Moving

Average (SMA) as SMA are frequently used to estimate the current level of a

time series, with this value being projected as a forecast for future

observations.

2.4.1 Simple Moving Average

The moving average value can be used directly to make predictions. It

is a naive model and assumes that the trend and seasonality

components of the time series have already been removed or adjusted

for. A simple moving average (SMA) is an arithmetic moving average

calculated by adding recent data and then dividing that figure by the

number of time periods in the calculation average.

SMA (Simple moving average) = (P𝑛+P𝑛)

𝑛

Pn = the collected data at period n

n = the number of total periods

17

2.4.2 Implementation on Data and Calculation for Forecasting by Using Simple

Moving Average Method

Table 2.4.2.1 below shows the data collected for four weeks in January,

and forecasts for February will be made based on data taken in January

Table 2.4.2.1 : Mosquito Egg Data

Month Week(n) Number of

Mosquito Eggs

(P)

January

1 40

2 48

3 50

4 35

February

5 41

6

7

8

18

SMA (Simple moving average) = (P𝑛+P𝑛)

𝑛

W2 -------- 40 + 48

2 = 44

W3 -------- 48 + 50

2 = 49

W4 -------- 50 + 35

2 = 42.5

W5 -------- 35 + 41

2 = 38

2 weeks moving average is used to find the number of mosquito eggs

in the week 6. The forecast for the sixth week is using the moving

average for the previous month which is w5 = 38 so the prediction for

mosquito eggs in week 6 is 38. That is the calculation method for

predicting the number of mosquito eggs in the following weeks and

months.

To decide whether to use 2 weeks or 4 weeks moving average, it

depends on the situation. If in that month a large number of mosquito

eggs are recorded then use 2 weeks moving average but if a small

number of mosquito eggs in that month 4 weeks moving average can

be used.

19

2.5 Summary

This chapter discuss literature reviews that have been collected and reviewed along

the studies. Literature review important for developer to discover any problems in any

existed system or research that can be improve in future. As a result, the integration of

Mosquito Egg Prediction System Using Time Series with Simple Moving Average

(SMA) technique is the most suitable in developing this system. SMA technique will

help researcher to predict the number of mosquito eggs accurately based on previous

data taken.

20

CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

Methodology is the set of the complete guideline that includes the Software

Development Life Cycle (SDLC) tool models for carrying out activities. A

methodology is used in a systematic ways to solves the problem during system

development. It defines the steps involved in the software development process. It is

necessary to ensure that the implementation of the framework is achieved systematically

and effectively. The proposed system, therefore, uses Iterative Model as a guideline to

develop it.

3.2 Iterative Model

The methodology that will be used in developing Mosquito Egg Prediction System

Using Simple Moving Average Method is Iterative Model. This model does not attempt

to start with a full specification of requirements. The system development begins by

specifying and implementing some part of the system, which can then be reviewed in

order to identify further requirements. This process is then repeated until the final

products produced satisfy all the requirements that were evolved before. Figure 3.2.1

below show that there are six phases involved in the iterative model which is planning

phase, analysis and design phase, implementation phase, testing phase, deployment and

evaluation phase.

21

Figure 3.2.1 : Iterative Model

3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase

Initial Planning is a pre-planning where in this phase the brainstorming session

started and some ideas and project title is proposed.

3.2.2 Planning Phase

At this phase, the project title chosen is Mosquito Egg Prediction System Using

Simple Moving Average. From the brainstorming, the problem statements,

objectives and scope are identified in this phase. Planning phase is the most

crucial phase as it is a guideline to develop the system so Gantt chart will be

needed as a reference to make sure that this project still on track and can be done

on estimate time.

3.2.3 Requirement Phase

In this phase, requirement is gathered through research on articles and related

existing system to choose suitable method that can be applied to make sure this

system meet the system requirement and functionality requirement. Based on the

22

information gathered, suitable method and technique for the system have been

decided.

3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase

In analysis phase, every requirement on method and technique for the system is

analysed for more understanding on selected forecasting technique compare to

other technique that has been used by other researchers. Simple Moving Average

Method was decided to be an approach in this project. Methodology, technique,

software and hardware requirement are also decided during this phase to ensure

that every requirement are compatible with the system. Design phase of this

system is done based on output of analysis phase. System interface and database

are design based on requirement. The Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram

(DFD) Level 0 and 1 and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) are designed at this

phase to interpret the process flow of Mosquito Egg Prediction System.

3.2.5 Implementation Phase

This is a phase where activities that have been planned during previous phase are

executed. This system is developed by using XAMPP, MySQL and Notepad++.

During

this phase, database and interface that has been designed are started to be

developed. The process of writing coding is started during this phase and this is

the phase where Simple Moving Average Technique is implemented

3.2.6 Testing Phase

After system has fully developed, testing is being done on the system. Repeated

test will be done to ensure that the system is working smoothly as it should and

there is no bug in that module. There are mainly four Levels of Testing in testing

phase which are Unit Testing to checks if software components are fulfilling

23

functionalities or not, Integration Testing to checks the data flow from one module

to other modules , System Testing to valuates both functional and non-functional

needs for the testing and Acceptance Testing to checks the requirements of a

specification or contract are met as per its delivery. Technique that will be used

in the testing phase are Blackbox testing where the functionalities of software

applications are tested without having knowledge of internal code structure,

implementation details and internal paths and Whitebox testing is used in which

internal structure is tested. Black Box Testing mainly focuses on input and output

of software applications and it is entirely based on software requirements and

specifications. The error found will be fixed as much as possible during the testing

phase, it is possible to use the results from this phase to reduce the number of

errors within the software program.

3.2.7 Deployment and Evaluation Phase

In this phase, the system is ready to be tested by end-user after the bugs and

defects spotted during the test phase are removed. The users will evaluate this

system and give their feedback based on their experienced. The evaluation and

feedback given will be used to improve the system to make sure that it fulfils all

the requirements and well functioning or not.

24

3.3 Hardware and Software Requirement

There are two requirement that needed to develop the system which are the software

requirement and hardware requirement. This is important to ensure the development of

the

project went well and for future references.

3.3.1 Software requirement

Table 3.3.1 shows the software requirement for the proposed system.

Table 3.3.1 Development software requirement

No. Software Description

1. Microsoft Office Word 2016 Use to prepare

documentation of the

report

2. Draw.io An online software

use to draw Context

Diagram and Data Flow

Diagram

3. Google chrome Browser to run

localhost and searching

information

4. MYSQL For system database

5. Notepad++ Used to code the

program of the project,

especially connection

application to the database

6. Adobe XD Application to create

prototype

7. PhpMyAdmin Programming

language

25

3.3.2 Hardware requirement

Table 3.3.2 shows the hardware requirement for the proposed system.

Table 3.3.2 Development hardware requirement

No. Hardware Description

1. Laptop HP Laptop

2. Processor Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-

8250U CPU @ 1.60GHz

1.80 GHz

3. Random Access Memory (RAM) 4.00 GB

4. Operating system Windows 10

5. System type 64-bit operating

system, x64-based

processor

26

3.4 Framework Design

Figure 3.4.1 show the flow of this system which is what the user can do with

Mosquito Egg Prediction Website. Researcher need to register and login profile, insert

data of mosquito egg and sum up total every weeks for future prediction ,view

mosquito data and can view report. Registered Stakeholders also need to register and

login profile, view mosquito data and can view report while Admin needs to approve

trusted researcher, stakeholders and station to register with the system and can view

report.

Figure 3.4.1 : Framework Design

27

3.5 Context Diagram

Figure 3.5.1 : Context Diagram

Figure 3.5.1 shows context diagram for Mosquito Egg Prediction System

Using Time Series Analysis. There are 3 entities involve in this context

diagram which is ADMIN, RESEARCHER and REGISTERED

STAKEHOLDERS,

28

3.6 Data Flow Diagram

3.6.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0

Figure 3.6.1 : Data Flow Diagram Level 0

Based on Figure 3.6.1 above, there are fifteen processes involve in this system

include process for Admin, Researcher and Registered Stakeholders.

29

3.6.2 DFD Level 1 for Admin

Figure 3.6.2 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for Admin

Based on Figure 3.6.2 above, there are six processes involve in Admin module,

where Admin can log in as a first step to get into the system. After login,

Admin need to approve registration requested by Researcher, Registered

Stakeholders and Station and Generate Report from the system. At the end of

process, Admin can log out from the system.

30

3.6.3 DFD Level 1 for Researcher

Figure 3.6.3 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 For Researcher

Based on Figure 3.6.3 above, there are seven processes involve in Researcher

module, where Researcher can log in as a first step to get into the system.

After login, Researcher can Manage Profile, Manage Mosquito Egg Data,

Manage Mosquito Egg Prediction, Manage Station Data, and Generate Report

from the system. At the end of process, Researcher can log out from the

system.

31

3.6.4 DFD Level 1 for Registered Stakeholders

Figure 3.6.4 : Data Flow Diagram Level 1 for Registered Stakeholders

Based on Figure 3.6.4 above, there are four processes involve in Registered

Stakeholders module, where Registered Stakeholders can log in as a first step

to get into the system. After login, Registered Stakeholders can Manage

Profile, and Generate Report from the system. At the end of process,

Registered Stakeholders can log out from the system.

32

3.7 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure 3.7.1 : Entity Relationship Diagram

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) illustrates an information system’s

entities and the relationship between those entities. ERD composed of three

things such as identifying and defining the entities, determine entities

interaction and the cardinality of the relationship. Figure 3.9 above shows the

relationship between entities that exist in this system.

33

3.8 Data Dictionary

Data dictionary is a collection of names, attributes, and definition about data

elements that being used in a database. A data dictionary also provides metadata about

data elements.

1. Table Admin

2. Table Researcher

3. Table Registered Stakeholders

4. Table Station

5. Table Mosquito Egg Data

6. Table Temporary

3.8.1 Table Admin

Field Name Data Type Field

Length

Constraint Description

admin_email INT 10 Primary Key Admin registered email

password VARCHAR 50 Not Null Admin password

Table 3.8.1 : Table Admin

34

3.8.2 Table Researcher

Field Name Data Type Field

Length

Constraint Description

researcher_email VARCHAR 50 Primary Key Researcher registered

email

password VARCHAR 50 Not Null Researcher password

researcher_name VARCHAR 50 Not Null Researcher name

researcher_id VARCHAR 10 Not Null Researcher id

researcher_phone INT 15 Not Null Researcher phone

researcher_department VARCHAR 50 Not Null Researcher department

authentication_proofresearch

VARCHAR 20 Not Null Researcher proof

certificate

Table 3.8.2 : Table Researcher

3.8.3 Table Registered Stakeholders

Field Name Data Type Field

Length

Constraint Description

stake_email VARCHAR 50 Primary Key Stakeholder registered

email

password VARCHAR 50 Not Null Stakeholder password

stake _name VARCHAR 50 Not Null Stakeholder name

stake _id VARCHAR 10 Not Null Stakeholder id

stake _phone INT 15 Not Null Stakeholder phone

stake _department VARCHAR 50 Not Null Stakeholder department

authentication_proofstake

VARCHAR 20 Not Null Stakeholder proof

certificate

Table 3.8.3 : Table Registered Stakeholders

3.8.4 Table Station

Field Name Data Type Field

Length

Constraint Description

station_id VARCHAR 10 Primary Key Station id

35

station_addr VARCHAR 50 Not Null Station Address

Table 3.8.4 : Table Station

3.8.5 Table Mosquito Egg Data

Field Name Data

Type

Field

Length

Constraint Description

daily_data INT 100 Not Null Daily data collected

weekly_data INT 100 Not Null Daily data collected

Table 3.8.5 : Table Mosquito Egg Data

3.8.6 Table Temporary

Field Name Data Type Field

Length

Constraint Description

station_id VARCHAR 10 Foreign Key Station id

calculated_data INT 100 Not Null Calculated data of

mosquito egg

Table 3.8.6 : Table Temporary

3.9 Summary

This chapter briefly explain methodology used in this project. Iterative method

used to develop the proposed system. Every phase in this method was explain

deeply. List of software and hardware used to develop this system also stated

in the table above.

36

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