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Molecular Movement

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Page 1: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Molecular Movement

Page 2: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules
Page 3: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Diffusion

• Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

• Molecules never stop moving

• Molecules always try to create equal concentrations!

Page 4: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Concentration Gradient

The gradual decrease from a high concentration to a low concentration

Molecules are said to move DOWN a concentration gradient

Page 5: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Why?

• If no energy is used, everything moves from an organized state to a disorganized state

• Organisms use energy to maintain an organized state

• Ex. Your bedroom

Page 6: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Osmosis

The movement of water from an area of greater concentration to an area of less concentration

Page 7: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Osmosis

Page 8: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

What happens if . . .

H2O concentration Effect

Greater outside the cell •Water rushes into the cell•Internal pressure increases•Cell swells & bursts

Greater inside the cell •Water leaks out of the cell•Cell shrinks

Page 9: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

More water outside than

inside

Water equal on both sides

More water inside than

outside

Page 10: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Animal Cell

Page 11: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Isotonic

• Water concentration is equalon both sides of the cell

Page 12: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Hypotonic

• Internal water concentration is lower than the external water concentration

• Water rushes into the cell– Causes it to lyse (burst)

Page 13: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Hypertonic

• Internal water concentration is greater than the external water concentration

• Water rushes out of the cell– Causes it to shrivel

Page 14: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Animal Cell Plant Cell

Hypotonic Swells and Lyses (Bursts)

Turgid

Normal

Isotonic Normal Flagid, Limp

Hypertonic Shriveled Plasmolized

Page 15: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules
Page 16: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Vacuole

• Water-filled compartment found in plant cells

• Exerts osmotic pressure on cell’s contents– Presses cell membrane tightly against cell

wall– Pressure gives plant’s structures (leaves)

firmness

Page 17: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Transport Systems

1. Passive Transport

2. Active Transport

Page 18: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Passive Transport

• Proteins move large molecules and molecules with electrical charges DOWN a concentration gradient

• NO CELLULAR ENERGY REQUIRED!

Page 19: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Active Transport

• Proteins move molecules UP a concentration gradient

• Uses ENERGY

• Ex. Soil w/low amounts of elements– Active Transport allows the roots to

accumulate necessary elements

Page 20: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

Transport Systems

Page 21: Molecular Movement. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Molecules never stop moving Molecules

It goes back to Organization!

• Systems attempt to remain organized

• Must put forth ENERGY!

• Entropy—the tendency toward disorder, in a system

(see slide 6)


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