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Diffusion and Osmosis

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Page 1: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion and Osmosis

Page 2: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion

The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they are at a lower concentration is called diffusion.

Concentration refers to the number of particles per unit volume.

Page 3: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion Process

Diffusion continues until the particles are uniformly distributed throughout the system.

When this happens, net movement of particles is zero and the equilibrium of the system is reached. At this point, diffusion has stopped.

Page 4: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Movement of Particles in Diffusion

• Diffusion occurs spontaneously and does not involve any energy taken in or given out, i.e. there is no gain or loss of energy.

•The movement of particles during diffusion is random, with each moving in a different direction.

Page 5: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion - Illustrated

Page 6: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion of Bromine Gas

Page 7: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Critical Thinking

Which state of matter (solids, liquids or gases) will diffusion happens the fastest? Why? Hint: Think about movement of the

particles in each state of matter. Which particles can move the fastest?

Page 8: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Osmosis

Watch video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sdiJtDRJQEc&NR=1

Page 9: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Osmosis

Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration through a partially permeable membrane.

Page 10: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Osmosis

Given two solutions of the same volume, the solution with more solute particles implies higher concentration of solute but lower concentration of water

Rationale: Particles take up space. To have more solute particles in the same amount of space (volume), there must be less water molecules.

Page 11: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Osmosis

Osmosis through the partially permeable membrane will continue until the water concentration is uniformly distributed between the 2 solutions.

Osmosis stops when the 2 solutions are of equal water concentration.

Page 12: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Diffusion vs Osmosis

Osmosis is just a special kind of diffusion.

In osmosis, water molecules diffuse through a partially permeable membrane.

On the other hand, diffusion generally involves any type of molecules and a partially permeable membrane need or need not be present.

Page 13: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Types of Solutions

Isotonic solution: “iso” means equal. Isotonic solutions have equal water concentration.

Hypotonic solution:Solution has higher concentration of water (lower concentration of solute) than the other solution.

Hypertonic solution:Solution has lower concentration of water (higher concentration of solute) than the other solution.

Page 14: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they
Page 15: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Animation on Osmosis

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_osmosis_works.html

Page 16: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Osmosis and Living Things(Look at notes)

Page 17: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Recap…

In which organ in our body does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between our body and the surrounding air take place?

Page 18: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they
Page 19: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Animal Cell in Hypotonic solution (eg. pure water)

Higher water concentration in extracellular solution than intracellular solution

Water enters animal cell via osmosis and it swells.

Net gain of water from extracellular solution into the cell.

If a large amount of water enters the cell, it will burst and release contents of the cell.

Page 20: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

2) Animal Cell in Hypertonic solution (eg. salt solution)

Lower water concentration in extracellular solution than intracellular solution

Water exits animal cell via osmosis and it shrinks.

Net loss of water from cell into extracellular solution.

If a large amount of water exits the cell, it will become shriveled.

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Page 21: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

3) Animal Cell in Isotonic solution

Equal water concentration in extracellular solution and intracellular solution

No net gain or loss of water.

Animal cell prefers to be in isotonic solution.

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Page 22: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Plant Cell in solution with higher water concentration (eg. pure water)

Higher water concentration in extracellular solution than intracellular solution

Net gain of water from extracellular solution into the cell.

Central vacuole increases in size and plant cell start to swells.

Plant cells do not burst due to its cell wall.

When the cell wall is stretched to its maximum, the plant cell cannot take in any more water and are said to be turgid.

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Plant cell prefers to be in hypotonic solution.

Page 23: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

2) Plant Cell in solution with lower water concentration (eg. salt solution)

Lower water concentration in extracellular solution than intracellular solution

Net loss of water from cell into extracellular solution.

Central vacuole decreases in size before the cell membrane start to pull away from the cell wall.

This leaves a visible gap between cell wall and cell membrane. This process is called plasmolysis.

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Plants with plasmolyzed cells will wilt.

Page 24: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

3)Plant Cell in solution with same water concentration

Equal water concentration in extracellular solution and intracellular solution

No net gain or loss of water.

Cell appearance is described as flaccid.

Effect of different types of solutions on living cells

Page 25: Diffusion and Osmosis. Diffusion The net movement of atoms or molecules from a region where they are at a higher concentration to a region where they

Possible ACE Assignments

Critical Thinking Qn 3 Processes of Reverse Osmosis and

Desalination


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