contentmohandis...eng. a.majeed al-gassab content president ... eng. juhani virola ... eng. al-hermi...

OUR MISSION

The national society that represents the engineering professionals from all disciplines and takes the lead in the advancement of the profession. We will promote:

Ethical, innovative and competent practiceThe standing and role of engineersThe protection of the health, safety and welfare of the public, and the environment in the practice of the profession Participation in the national economic development of the KingdomQuality and cost effective engineering practices.

OUR VISION

We will strive for excellence as a leading Engineering Professional entity by: Gaining world-wide reputation and recognitionBeing respected and recognised for commitment to the profession, members and the community.

ALMOHANDISBahrain Society of Engineers

Registration No.: SBSEI8I

P.O.Box : 835, Kingdon of BahrainTel. : +973 17727100Fax : +973 17729819E-mail : [email protected] : www.mohandis.org

Editor-in-ChiefDr. Osama T. Albaharna

Journal CommitteeProf. Isa Salman QamberEng. Maryam Hilal FarajDr. Majeed Safar Jassim

Eng. S. Ali HashemEng. Ali Ebrahim Marzooq

The Bahrain Society of Engineers

The Bahrain Society of Engineers is not responsible for opinions published in “Al Mohandis”.Please send your articles to the Bahrain Society of Engineers.For your ads please call Bahrain Society of Engineers.

Designed & Printed by:

Printing & Publishing Co. W.L.L.

The previous issue of ALMOHANDIS addressed “The Economic Vision 2030 for Bahrain”. I said at the time that “… achieving this Vision, is dependent on the actions and initiatives of our Leadership, the youth of Bahrain, society as a whole, and on professional organizations like the Bahrain Society of Engineers.”

Events during the first half of 2011 in Bahrain have inadvertently helped expedited action towards achieving this vision. The consequent National Dialogue held during July 2011 brought together all the above essential constituents – Leadership, the youth, society as a whole represented by various NGOs, and professional organizations.

Bahrain Society of Engineers was invited to participate in this historic dialogue. This Forum gave BSE a momentous chance to present its views and ideas on improving the status of engineers and the engineering profession in Bahrain. More specifically, BSE was able to publicly advocate two of its valued missions; promote the standing and role of engineers, and promote participation in the national economic development of the Kingdom.

In this Issue Number 54 of ALMOHANDIS, we report on BSE participation in the Bahrain National Dialogue focusing on BSE effort to establish a separate Law for professional societies, regulate the practice of the profession, and for more formal representation of the BSE in various governmental organizations.

I hope all BSE members and our readers will take this opportunity to voice their opinions and send us their views on this topic. I look forward to hearing from you and hope you will find this issue novel and useful.

Osama T. Albaharna

Editorial

Dr. Osama T. AlbaharnaExecutive Secretary

Eng. Suzan Al-AjjawiDirector of Training

Eng. Jawad Jaffar AljabalVice President & Director of Information

Eng. Ahmed A.AlkhanDirector of External Conferences

Eng. Huda Sultan FarajTreasurer

Eng. Hind Moh’d BucheeriDirector of General Activities

Eng, Amer Bin RajabDirector of Membership

& Professions’ Affairs

Eng. Ayman Moh’d NaserDirector of Internal Conferences

Eng. A.Majeed Al-GassabPresident

CONTENTFrom the Desk of the President 01Cover Story 02

Technical Articles 13

Conference Focus 26

Engineering Careers 34

Engineering Education 36

BSE Activaties and News 39Activities of Associate Societies 40Building World Class Organization 44Pakistan Ambassador visited BSE 47Ramadan Ghabga with Engineering flavor 48ALMOHANDIS’ Calendar 50

National Dialogue: Challenges facing the Engineering ProfessionSummary of Engineering Classification System – Case of Oman Society of Engineers

Quantity surveyors: What do we do! – Eng. Alaa MadanEfficient on-street parking controls: Key to urban trafficmanagement – Dr. Jalal Abdul JabbarLong span bridges in the world: General review – Eng. Juhani VirolaUV-light-curing CIPP in Bahrain: Sewage rehabilitation works at Zubara Avenue in Manama – Eng. Benedikt Stentrup

Infrastructure Middle East 2011 – Conference & Exhibition

Profile of an Engineer in Engineering Consulting Industry Eng. Eman A.Nabi Al Sabah

Learning through Peer Observation Visiting a Senior Professor Dr. Shaker Haji

Dear Engineers...

During the first half of this year, several fundamental points were at the center of our attention outlined as follows:

• As a professional Society, we are currently living and participating in the ongoing National dialogue. It is hard to deny the significance of this dialogue in surpassing any other methods, nevertheless being embraced by and for our beloved kingdom, motored by nothing but good-well and optimism. In this context we are looking forward to a fruitful outcome that will certainly meet Bahrainis’ aspirations and the engineering sector in particular, especially where “Practicing Engineering Professions” is concerned; it has become a long-anticipated necessity, similar to most Arab countries and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) in particular.

• As you are all aware of the Bahrain Society of Engineers effective participation in the national dialogue, where I was privileged to chair one of its topics alongside Engineer Masoud Al-Hermi as a representative of the society. We were keen to invite all BSE members on weekly basis, to share their opinions and keep them posted on the latest outcome of the dialogue, committed to embrace the largest portion of members in the decision-making process.

• In mid-June, the society celebrated its hard-working members, in line with BSE’s initiatives to achieve outstanding performance and valuation of its active members to further enhance the overall innovation and creativity among members. BSE has accomplished a wide range of successful and memorable international conferences and training courses; which could not be achieved without the tremendous efforts put through by our esteemed members and their dedication to volunteer work. My fellow engineers, the society will continue to seek your valued contribution and further youth participation to maintain its strategic positioning as a leading engineering body. The Bahrain Society of Engineers remains a home for the engineer.

• During the first half of this year, the society transformed into a beehive in preparation for the forthcoming “15th Gulf Engineering forum” organized by the Bahrain Society of Engineers since the Gulf Engineering union establishment in 1997. Mr. Dheya Towfiqi is chairing the Organizing Committee, and the Forum provides a significant platform to all members to volunteer in its various committees and be a vital part towards its success.

In conclusion, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to all Board members for a fruitful partnership in transforming a wide range of ideas, aspirations and projects to actual achievements on the ground, strengthening BSE’s position as a professional and active engineering society.

Issue 54 - July 2011

From the Desk of the President

Cover Story Cover Story2 3

National Dialogue National Dialogue

Bahrain’s National Dialogue was launched on 2nd July 2011 to address the concerns of Bahraini citizens in the wake of recent events. Setting aside differences, the National Dialogue’s aim was to build consensus on the most salient political, economic, social and human rights issues, without preconditions, and based on proposals by participants. Its success was dependent on the active participation of close to 300 delegates from across Bahraini society, and on their willingness to bridge divides, enhance the reform process and define a shared vision for Bahrain’s future.

Bahrain Society of Engineers has been invited to participate in this dialogue by providing its views to the Chairman of the National Dialogue, and then to participate in the relevant sessions of the National Dialogue

to communicate and discuss BSE views with the other participants and eventually reach the desired consensus.

Since the organizing committee of the National Dialogue had utilized the expertise of Engineer Abdul Majeed Al-Qassab, President of the BSE, as one of the coordinators of the dialogue sessions, the Society Board decided to select our colleague Engineer Masoud Ebrahim Al-Hermi as the representative of the Society in this historic dialogue. Eng. Al-Hermi has a long experience in engineering work within the Kingdom of Bahrain. He is a former vice-president of the Bahrain Society of Engineers and had participated as a member of several previous Boards. Eng. Al-Hermi has also contributed his time as member of various working committees

in the Society. He is also the Assistant Secretary-General for Committees and Projects in the Gulf Engineering Union.The Board also decided to invite all BSE members to review the views that have been submitted to the President of the National Dialogue on behalf of the Society and on behalf of all engineers in Bahrain. Three meeting were held at BSE offices over the first three weeks of the dialogue. During these meetings, members consulted with the Eng. Masoud Al-Hermi and several submitted to him addition ideas and views. Eng. Masoud also discussed with the participants a summary of what took place at the dialogue sessions during that period.

The main file in this issue of ALMOHANDIS Journal focuses on the BSE views submitted and discussed at the National Dialogue sessions.

Challenges facing the Engineering Profession

The Bahrain Society of Engineers’ views submitted to the National Dialogue

The Kingdom is currently witnessing overwhelming developments in the political and social arena which is certainly forming a turning point and shaping the future history of Bahrain. The accumulation of demands, particularly those related to the aspects of living, public freedom, equality of opportunities and a growing economy can effectively create actual jobs opportunities to accommodate the growing numbers of graduates in their various specialties, in addition to improving the standards of living and ensure justice and equality of citizenship rights, which requires attention and moderate solution to meet these demands.

In the past ten years, Bahrain has witnessed a progressive growth in the construction sector since we started voting for the National Action Charter in 2001, benefiting from global economic growth and political stability. However, we have seen a significant debility of the Bahrain Society

of Engineers’ role and the Bahraini Engineer in general, alongside marginalization of the engineer’s role by governmental bodies; the Bahrain Society of Engineers is not being represented in Advisory, Planning and implementation commissions and authorities amongst various institutions throughout the Kingdom, which deprived Bahrain of the capabilities of engineering strategic planning.

One of the negative indicators we’ve witnessed, the low income of the Bahraini engineer compared to his fellow engineer in the GCC. Nevertheless, we are witnessing an overwhelming increase in the number of unemployed engineers in trade with an increasing number of expatriates’ engineers.

It is worth mentioning, the significant role of the Bahrain Society of Engineers in enriching Bahrain’s economy, as one of the most active professional society in Bahrain

and the MENA Region, through an active contribution and direct participation in the local economic growth, through hosting various specialized engineering conferences, exhibitions and training workshops.

Since its inception, The Bahrain Society of Engineers has developed a clear vision, mission and objectives of the many young members and non-members in anticipation of forming a professional engineering body. The society has been trying to voice out their demands whenever the chance arises in any official meetings, but unfortunately never received the desired response.

The Society has been constantly seeking the Ministries and government authorities to achieve the following demands:

• Amend legislation to ensure that the Bahrain Society of Engineers is the sole legitimate representative of engineers in Bahrain.

• Assigning the responsibility of regulating the practice of the engineering profession to the Society likewise in some of GCC countries.

• Assigning the responsibility of recording engineers in Bahrain to the Society likewise in some of GCC countries.

• Assigning the responsibility of classification and qualification of engineers in Bahrain to the Society likewise in some of GCC countries

• Conduct a general review on engineers’ staff urgently, to improve the income level for engineers in the public and private sectors.

• Improve the minimum wage of the engineer in the public and private sectors. • Accelerate the recruitment of the unemployed Bahraini engineers, in which their numbers has

been increasing recently. The Society did not receive a response in its continuous efforts to recruit


even a small percentage of them in private sector, likewise ministries and authorities throughout the Kingdom.

• Review of societies decree issued in 1989 to overcome these obstacles and facilitate the society’s scope of work.

• Activating the role of the society, by being represented amongst the ministerial commissions, relevant Government authorities’ board of directors, advisory and strategic planning committees.

• Involving the Bahrain Society of Engineers in improving and developing the performance of government authorities and the private sector, in order to develop a systematic qualification program of engineers’ staffing.

• Involving Bahraini engineering enterprises in development projects.

The society will continue to follow up closely on the engineers’ professional, economic and social demands, as the legitimate active representative in conveying their concerns and ensuring a decent life for all engineers in the kingdom of laws and institutions, and stimulating the economy to create jobs to accommodate all the unemployed engineers,

in accordance to equality of opportunity, choice, transparency and justice standards in an institutional civilian kingdom.

As a part of the professional, national and civil society institutions, we are directly concerned with the comprehensive national dialogue initiative and an open

discussion as emphasized by His Majesty the King, to voice our demands as listed above, hoping to take its fair share in the forthcoming national dialogue and comprehensive reform programs, toward a brighter tomorrow as eagerly anticipated by great Bahrainis.

The Bahrain Society of Engineers views discussed during the Social Theme sessions at the National Dialogue

First: Current Law on Civil Societies and Associations:The current law does not differentiate between institutions; placing them all in one basket, from self-employed institutions to institutions representing professionals such as engineers, doctors, lawyers, accountants, pharmacists amongst others.

Why do we differ from others?• Because we study in universities and specialized colleges, to eventually be entitled to carry the title

of Engineer after completion of the study requirements• This requires enrolling in specialized training• Continuity of education and training is essential for further promotions and carrying titles• Requires boards to regulate the practice of the profession and the responsibility of registration,

data record, control behaviors related to ethics, title, classification and qualifications.

The law sets strict control over all societies without exception, while the professional societies are organically linked to wide range of associations at GCC, MENA and international levels.

For example the society is: • A Founding member of the Gulf Engineering Union• A Member of the Arab Federation Union of Engineers, and had the privilege to preside the union

several times• A Member of the International Federation of Engineers • The society has also contributed in the establishment of the International Federation of Engineering

Organizations in the Islamic countries

In this context, the law should not restrict the society’s activities, due to some improper actions that may occur by individuals respectively.

Requirement: Issuing a special law for the professional institutions which takes into ac-count the specificities of these institutions.

Second: Regulating the Practice of the Profession: The society has requested in its Views submitted to the National Dialogue assigning the responsibility of regulating the practice of the Engineering Profession to the society considering the current implementation has excluded all engineers from registration. This has excluded employees in ministries and government institutions and focused on the consultancy offices, some industrial enterprises and contractors. This situation has resulted in many problems in the implementation process between the regulating Commission and consulting offices in particular. Even the Bahrain Society of Engineers is not represented in the Commission. Despite the fact that all Commission board members are engineers, they do not hold any position in the society nor were they nominated by the BSE.

The society accumulative expertise led to it having a leadership positions at Arab and global levels. The society had submitted proposals and called for regulating the profession over thirty years ago.

Requirement: Assigning the responsibility of practicing the engineering profession to the society covering all engineers’ categories. (Regulate the practice of the profession, en-gineers’ record, protection of the engineering title, the Charter of the profession ethics, qualification and classification of Engineers)

Third: Formal representation of the Society in various government organizations: Despite the existence of the Bahrain Society of Engineers for nearly forty years, its representation in various commissions and official bodies is still weak and subject to the Minister or relevant official’s discretion.

With the accumulation of expertise both at the engineering profession level and through the practice of some trade union activities by the Society, in addition to being a part of regional and international bodies, the society has become eligible through its members to play an active supporting role for both official and private sectors. Therefore, we believe that the participation of the Society’s representatives in such commissions will contribute directly to the enrichment of its scope of work and outcomes.

Requirement: More representation of the society in various committees and govern-ment bodies relevant or affecting the engineering profession.

National DialogueNational Dialogue


Summary of Engineering Classification SystemCase of Oman Society of Engineers

Overview:Oman Society of Engineers (OSE), as a Professional organization which is concerned with Engineering disciplines, has as one of its missions a focus to bring up the Engineering expertise to high Professional levels and ensuring sustained excellence in Engineering practices in the Sultanate. This is obtained through achieving number of set targets, of which raising the levels of Engineers and regulating the Engineering Professional practices is an important one. For this purpose, OSE has prepared the Engineering Classification System.

Its main aim is to guide Engineers in obtaining Engineering knowledge and expertise and continuous Professional development, and assisting companies and organizations in assessing the levels and expertise of their Engineers so to maximize utilization of their abilities and capabilities. Due to the constant increases of Engineers joining the Omani workforce coupled with sustained growth in Engineering projects and works in number, magnitude and types the need to assess the Engineers’ capabilities and expertise levels is of prime importance for assuring the integrity and suitability of these Engineering projects and maximizing the utilization of the available Engineering cadre.

Since OSE is the umbrella for all Engineers of all disciplines and levels of expertise, the Engineering certification and classification system is the proper mean of confirming Engineering knowledge, skills, and expertise in accordance to well defined standards and assessment undertaken by Engineering experts in their fields. It will also act as a catalyst to encourage Engineers to maintain and continue updating their competence.

The Engineering classification system will serve the Engineering work in both public and private sectors through defining roles & responsibilities of Engineers at the various classifications levels and hence job and task matching. This system has benefit from experiences from similar systems applied in the Gulf, Arab World and the world, which had proven to be successful.

Objectives:• Evaluate the academic qualifications and practical experiences of those who work in the profession.• Maintain continuous development in order to develop the Engineers’ skills and ensure pursuance of

the most recent developments in their field of specialization.• Secure and apply the best Professional practices by the Engineers with what attains the protection

of society and fulfills its welfare.• Create Professional records for the Engineer in order to document his qualifying grads, Professional

experiences and progress.

• Studies• Verification• Supervision• Implementation• Management• Inspection• Education and Training• Scientific research• Expertise and consultation• Contracting

• Operation and Maintenance• Test• Quality Inspection• Production• Industry• Identification of Engineering Materials,

Machines, and Equipment• Working at Professional organizations and

associations• Professional Safety

The General Requirements to Apply for the Engineering Grade:

There are four Engineering Grades (Engineer, Associate Engineer, Professional Engineer, and Consultant Engineer).

A- Engineer Grade

Applicant to the Grade “Engineer” is required to fulfill the following responsibilities and requirements:

Responsibilities:• Offer technical support as part of a team• Focus on the Professional development programs through his participation in different Professional

programs.

Requirements:• A Bachelor’s degree in Engineering from one of the accredited Universities or Institutions.• A valid membership of the OSE.• Paying the required fees prescribed by OSE.

B- Associate Engineer Grade

Applicant to the Grade “Associate Engineer” needs to have a valid OSE membership and has to pass the Associate Engineer assessment described in section 6. The applicant should also fulfill the following responsibilities and one of the requirements mentioned below:

Responsibilities:• Sign reports and designs beside an Engineer whose Professional Grade is not less than Professional

Engineer.• Offer Engineering services in his field of specialization.• Practice all of the Engineering tasks under the supervision of a Professional Engineer.

Requirements:• An Engineer holding a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering with a minimum of (2) two years of

professional experience and obtainment of 80 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Engineer Grade

• An Engineer holding a Master degree in Engineering and obtainment of 80 points of the qualifying points.

• An Engineer holding a PhD degree in Engineering and obtainment of 80 points of the qualifying points.

• Paying the required fees prescribed by OSE.

Fields of Practice of the Profession:


C- Professional Engineer Grade

Applicant to the Grade “Professional Engineer” needs to have a valid OSE membership and has to pass the Professional Engineer assessment described in section 6. The applicant should also fulfill the following responsibilities and one of the requirements mentioned below:

Responsibilities:The applicant needs to demonstrate that he acquired skills in at least seven of the fields of practice of the profession.

Requirements:• An Engineer holding a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering with a minimum of (3) three years of

Professional experience and obtainment of 50 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Associate Engineer Grade.

• An Engineer holding a Masters degree in Engineering with a minimum of (3) three years of Professional experience and obtainment of 50 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Associate Engineer Grade.

• An Engineer holding a PhD degree in Engineering with a minimum of (2) two years of Professional experience and obtainment of 50 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Associate Engineer Grade.


D- Consultant Engineer Grade

Applicant to the Grade “Consultant Engineer” needs to have a valid OSE membership and has to pass the Consultant Engineer assessment described in section 6. The applicant should also fulfill the following responsibilities and one of the requirements mentioned below:

Responsibilities:The applicant needs to demonstrate that he acquired skills in at least ten of the fields of practice of the profession.

Requirements:• An Engineer holding a Bachelor’s degree in Engineering with a minimum of (10) ten years of

Professional experience and obtainment of 40 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Professional Engineer Grade.

• An Engineer holding a Masters degree in Engineering with a minimum of (7) seven years of Professional experience and obtainment of 40 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Professional Engineer Grade.

• An Engineer holding a PhD degree in Engineering with a minimum of (4) four years of Professional experience and obtainment of 40 points of the qualifying points all counted from the date he/she obtained the Professional Engineer Grade.


The Evaluation System:

1. The evaluation is conducted through written examination and/or professional interviews as detailed below.

•Examinations: are group of tools supervised by OSE to evaluate the Engineers’ basic and Professional Engineering abilities in order to obtain the Professional licenses or Grades.

•Professional Interviews: are group of tools performed by OSE for the purpose of granting some Professional Grades. The aim of this process is to evaluate abilities, personal skills and Professional Engineering experience in order to grant the Professional Grades.

The assessment methodologies for the different Engineering Grades will be in the fol-lowing forms:

a) Evaluation System for Associate GradeThe assessment takes the form of a written exam which consists of two parts:•Part One: Basics principles of general Engineering, representing 50% of the total evaluation.•Part Two: Specialization and professional principles, representing 50% of the total Evaluation

b) Evaluation System for Professional GradeThe assessment includes an oral interview (50%) and/or a written exam (50%).

Written Examination: This is divided into two main parts: •Part One: Engineering principles of practice and professional responsibility / Legal concepts, codes

and organizational requirements.•Part Two: Engineering specialty and professional principles.

Interview: The applicant for the Professional Engineer will be interviewed by an interview committee; the committee members are in the same specialization field of the interviewed applicant. The interview includes the following items and elements:

1. Presentation of the most recent achievements done by the Engineer 2. Discussing the level of the practical experience and its continuity 3. Specialized scientific background 4. Current responsibility 5. Previous responsibilities 6. Professional background 7. Ability to comprehend knowledge 8. Applying theoretical and practical methods 9. Communication skills 10. Technical Skills 11. Managerial skills 12. Commercial Skills 13. Personal Skills 14. Professional conducts 15. Self development plan 16. Participation in technical meetings, courses, seminars and conferences

The applicant may bring whatever papers, documents, reports and projects that he/she might need during the interview.

c) Evaluation System for Consultant GradeThe assessment includes only an oral interview. The interview shall be structured to include previous Professional history of the candidate. The assessment team can seek assistance from some experience Professionals to assist in the interview. The interview includes the following items and elements:

1. Discussion of practical experience 2. Current and previous responsibilities 3. Plans of continuous professional development and self development 4. The personal technical, commercial and managerial skills 5. Participation in meetings, courses, seminars and conferences 6. Contribution in serving the civil community 7. Contribution in working at the professional societies8. Leadership and planning abilities9. Experience in the field of business administration or industrial field or academic & research work 10. Expertise in the field of Engineering training 11. Evaluation of responsibilities and duties of his role in one of the leading positions 12. Contribution in the development of the Engineering profession or technology transfer13. Presentation of an issue that affect the Engineering profession and suggesting mechanisms to deal with it

14. Presentation of one of the achievement done by the Engineer


The applicant may bring whatever papers, documents, reports and projects that he/she might need during the interview.

2- The evaluation is conducted twice a year: in March and October. The Council declares the evaluation date and place a year ahead prior to the stated time.

3- The evaluation takes place in the HQ of the OSE, but is also possible to be conducted in a different place decided upon by the Council.

4- The evaluation fees for the different Grades are as per the fee structure of the OSE. The evaluation fees are payable to the Council prior to the evaluation in duration specified by the Council.

5- The Council formulates special committees to develop the evaluation methodology, and the correction and marking process. Committees will be formed in accordance to the different specialties

listed in section 3 of this system. The Council supervises the preparation of all exam sets, approve them, decides on the procedures that ensure their consistency and reliability in accordance to the followings:• Every specialized committee develops three sets of the exam: Engineering basics and Professional

applications.• The Council selects randomly one of the three sets; every specialized committee develops a new

test to substitute the selected test. Hence, the Council will always have three ready sets of the evaluation in hand.

• The selected exam is handed over to the Council’s secretary to make the required photocopies and the other necessary procedures to distribute it among the candidates on the evaluation day; the secretary is held responsible to keep the confidentiality of the exam set.

• After the exam, all answer papers are handed over to the concerned committee for correction and results.

• The concerned committee hands over the exam results to the secretary for approval and declares.

6- The exam questions vary to include: multiple choice questions, short answers questions, discussion questions, and design questions … etc.

7- The Council formulates the administrative regulations organizing the exam conduct, invigilating committees, exam papers correction and marking, and results announcement.

8- The Council defines, in the cooperation of the concerned committees, the exam duration for both of the sections: the Engineering basics and the Professional applications.

9- The passing criteria is to get at least 70 % of the total mark in the assessment.

10- It is possible for the applicant to repeat the assessment for unlimited times, paying the exam fees every time, until he/she reaches the required passing marks that qualifies him/her for the Grade.

11-The Council lists the related reference, books, and journal Grades which exam candidates can refer to in preparation for the evaluation. It is also possible for the Council to develop model tests that will help the candidates to practice for the exam.

12-The Council can develop and organize training and qualifying courses which will help the prospective exam takers. The Council announces all the available courses, seminars organized by the Council or any others organized by other institutions and approved by the Council.

Qualifying Points - Implimented by Oman Societies of Engineers

Technical Articles 13Cover Story12

Alaa Hassan MadanM.Sc., CAPM.

This article provides a brief knowledge about the profession of the quantity surveyor and his contribution within the field of cost saving techniques and adding value for money. In order to explain the role, skills and responsibilities of a quantity surveyor, it is essential to define the profession. Construction cost, construction management and construction communication are all key problem areas for an employer who has commissioned an important building or engineering project. A quantity surveyor is professionally trained, qualified and experienced in dealing with these problems on behalf of the employer. He is essentially a cost expert whose prime task is to ensure that the project is kept within the agreed budget and that the employer obtains value for money. Quantity surveyor will at all times need to collaborate very closely with the architect.

Skills of Quantity Surveyor.

The following have been identified as the major skill areas of the quantity surveyor:

2.1 . EconomicAssociated with the assessment of value for money and cost effectiveness in design.

2.2 . LegalBased upon a general knowledge of law and a specialist knowledge and interpretation of the law of contract, this is used in producing contract documentation and in the advice and settlement of contractual matters, disputes and claims.

2.3 . TechnologicalA knowledge of the construction process and the methods used in the construction of buildings and other structures, together with an in depth knowledge of the industry. This provides a basis for developing other skills.

2.4 . ManagerialThe ability to organize the work associated with the construction project and to influence others in the procurement of buildings and structures together with skills of an administrative function.

Role of Quantity Surveyor

Seeley I. (1997) has stated that “the quantity surveyor role is to ensure that the resources of the construction industry are utilized to the best advantage of society by providing the financial management for project and a cost consultancy service to client and designer during the whole construction process”. Today, not only the quantity surveyor generally regarded as indispensible on any major building contract, and often on civil and heavy engineering contracts as well, but he is also being appointed as project

Quantity Surveyors…. What we do!

Introduction

Technical Articles Technical Articles14 15

manager, on occasions, to take control of the project from inception to completion and to coordinate the work of the design team and the main contractor and subcontractors. Tasks the quantity surveyor carries out are as follow:

3.1 Preliminary cost adviceQuantity Surveyor can advise on the comparative costs of alternative layouts, materials, components, and methods of construction. He can also assess how long it will take to build and produce estimate of future maintenance and operating costs.

3.2 Cost planningCost planning is a special technique used by the quantity surveyor. It aims to help all members of the design team to arrive jointly at practical and efficient designs for the project and to keep within the budget.

3.3 Contractual methodThe quantity surveyor can advise on the best form of contract for a specific project. Nowadays, there are several types of contracts, also known as procurement methods. The

structure of each procurement method is different and adapt different route, these procurements methods are design and build, construction management, managing contracting, lump sum or PFI (Private Finance Initiative).

3.4. TenderingQuantity surveyor on contractor’s side intends to prepare bill of quantities which translate the drawings, schedules and specifications notes produced by designers into a document listing in detail all the component parts required for the project, to enable each contractor to calculate his tender prices on exactly the same basis as his competitors.

3.5. Choice of contractorThe quantity surveyor provides frank, sound and practical advice on contractor selection.

3.6.Cost controlThe purpose of cost control can be generally identified as follows:

• To limit the client’s expenditures to within the amount agreed. In

simple terms this means that the tender sum and final account should approximately compare with the budget estimate.

• To achieve a balanced design expenditure between the various elements of the buildings.

• To provide the client with a value for money project. This will probably necessitate the consideration of a total cost approach. The client may stipulate the maximum initial cost expenditure, or provide a detailed brief to the design team who will then determine the cost.

3.7 Monitoring and Reporting on the Financial Position

The employer will need to be kept informed by the project quantity surveyor of the financial position of the contract. This is so that he will be able to make the necessary arrangements to have the finance available to pay the contractor within the stipulated time upon presentation of interim certificates and also so that he may be warned of any possibility or likelihood of the

• Project Plan

• Project funding requirements

• Work performance information

• Organizational culture

INPUTS

• Earned value management

• Forecasting

• To-complete performance index.

• Performance reviews

• Variances analysis

• Project management software

TOOLS & TECHNIQUES

• Work performance measurement

• Budget forecast

• Organizational process assists updates

• Change requests

• Project management plan

• Project document updates

OUTPUTS

authorized cost of the project being exceeded.

3.8 . Valuation of construction work

In most construction contracts, the contractor is paid monthly. The quantity surveyor will value the work carried out each month on the project and submit a recommendation for certified payment.

3.9. Increased efficiencyModern construction has become more complex, leaving little room for guesswork. Tenders, contracts and construction claims have grown increasingly sophisticated. An overriding consideration is always to ensure that the employer is receiving value for money and that the contractor is paid a fair and reasonable price for the work that he undertakes. The quantity surveyor can also make the

work of everyone involved with construction a great deal easier and more efficient.

ConclusionThroughout the development journey of the quantity surveying profession there are a lot of tools, techniques and new aspects have started to come into light that support the philosophy of the quantity surveyor role with the project either from a client or a contractor perspective. The quantity surveyors mentality is to be proactive professionals; thinking with the end in mind is the main substantial knowledge.

References1. Ashworth, A., (1999). Cost

Studies Of Buildings, Third Edition. New York: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.

2. Cartlidge, D., (2008). New Aspects of Quantity Surveying Practice, Second Edition. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd

3. Project Management Institute. (2008). A Guide To The Project Management Body of

4. Knowledge. Pennsylvania: Project Management Institute Inc.

5. Ramus, J., (1989). Contract Practice for Quantity Surveyors. Second Edition. Oxford: Heinemann Professional Publishing Ltd

6. Seeley, I., (1997). Quantity Surveying Practice, Second Edition. London: Macmillan Press LTD

7. Siriwardena, M., (2010). Quantity Surveying in Construction. Salford, Greater Manchester: University of Salford.

8. Willis, C., and Ashworth, A., (1987). Practice and Procedure for the Quantity Surveyor. Ninth Edition. Oxford: BSP Professional Books.

EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS

•University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom. •M.Sc. Quantity Surveying 2009 - 2010

Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Accredited. The Chartered Institute of Buildings (CIOB) Accredited. The Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists (CIAT) Accredited.

•Project Management Institute, Pennsylvania, United States. CAPM. Certified Associate in Project Management. July 2009

•University of Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain 2002 – 2007 B.Sc. in Architecture

MEMBERSHIPS

• Member in The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS). 2009 – Present• Member in The Chartered Institute of Buildings (CIOB). 2009 – Present• Member in University of Salford Built Environment Student Council. 2009 – 2010• Member in University of Salford Student Union. 2009 – 2010• Member in the Project Management Institute. 2009 – Present• Member in Amnesty International Manchester, UK 2009 – Present• Member in The Bahrain Society of Engineers.

Quantity Surveyors….What we do! Quantity Surveyors….What we do!


Statistics show the private car, when measured against the space it occupies, as the most costly and extravagant mode of transport from land use perspective. This stems from that fact that the average car is only in use for around %10 of time. The private car not only requires a parking space where it is normally housed (near the owner’s residence) but it also requires others at its intermediate terminals (e.g. workplace, shops, etc.).Drivers usually assume that they will be able to park their vehicles within a reasonable distance of their final destination, accepting that sometimes, in congested areas, this might involve some time searching for a space. Drivers’ personal judgements of what constitutes an acceptable place to park vary considerably in terms of location, size of space and whether or not parking fees are charged. Judgements are influenced by the purpose and urgency of the trip as well as by individual attitudes and behaviour patterns. Drivers will also consider the security of their cars and their own personal security when choosing where to park.The overwhelming increase in the use of private car has resulted in diminishing the social

and economic benefits created by the road infrastructure. This is especially true in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) region where a combination of cultural and travel behavioural factors and the low cost of motoring have resulted in excessive congestion in urban centres with the associated parking problem.Therefore, managing stationary vehicles is as important element of Urban Traffic Management as managing moving traffic. An efficient parking management would not only reduce obstructions to the movement of other users but help reduce congestion and pollution resulting from illegal and inconsiderate parking.Moreover, the use of parking controls is recognised as an

essential traffic restraint tool, especially for journeys to Central Business Districts. Parking restrictions assist the safe and free flow movement of people and goods that help achieve a wider set of environmental, social and economic objectives. It is important to note that the management of parking should not unnecessarily adversely affect the viability and vitality of the area under consideration. It is usually appropriate when designing a parking scheme to ensure a compromise is reached through provision of alternatives such as off-street parking.

Dr. Jalal Abdul Jabbar Hyder Consulting ME Limited.

[email protected]

INTRODUCTION

EFFECTS OF PARKING

It is important to fully understand the effects of parking on the road network and its various users. The following paragraphs discuss the main impacts.

2.1. Network Capacity

Studies indicated that the pres-ence of small number of stopped vehicles (whether parked or Load-ing/ Unloading) result in relatively large reduction to road capacity. The Table below shows some in-dicative statistics.

It is important to note that the above should not be taken at face value as the distribution of parked vehicle along the road represents an important factor. To this end; a few vehicles that

No. Of Parked Vehicles per

km Length of Road (both directions)

Loss of Capacity (car/hr)

10 50 100 200

340 550 640 730

are well distributed along the road can have as much impact as a larger number that stretches along the same length. In fact it is more or less the length covered by the parked vehicles that could determine capacity loss. It is for this reason a Clearway designa-tion of major arterial corridors is required to guard against loss of

capacity.The effect of parked vehicles at junctions on capacity is more pronounced and therefore regulation should be in-place to ensure uninterrupted traffic discharge through the junction whenever priority is granted.

2.2. Network Safety

Statistics show more than 60% of accidents on the road are as-sociated with parked vehicles. This is more obvious where vehi-cles are parked illegally at places where proper design would ban parking due to high degree of

conflict or lack of sight distance. Inconsiderate parking not only exposes vehicle occupants to danger but it obstructs the path of the most vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists and sometimes force them into the path of moving traffic.

2.3 . Business Viability

Parking availability and characteristics can influence a driver’s choice of destination. The success of out-of-town shopping centres is often attributed to the provision of large areas of free car parking near the shops. Competition for retail business between town centres and out–of–town shopping malls, is such that adequate car parking may be an important factor in securing the future economic viability of a town centre, provided that the availability of parking does not attract more traffic into the

centre than the road network can accommodate. For businesses to function, they require delivery and collection of goods and to be accessed by clients who need to park their goods vehicles close to the premises. This would not be possible should these businesses are situated in an uncontrolled heavy parking area where long-stay commuters leave their vehicles for long hours. This situation should be prevented especially in a dense heavily developed area such as that of Bahrain Old Manama where the roads are narrow.

Efficient on-street parking controlsKey to urban traffic management Efficient on-street parking controls Key to urban traffic management


2.4 The Environment

Road traffic is usually associated with high impact on the environment through air pollution, noise as well

as visual intrusion. As congestion increases with uncontrolled parking, the impact on the environment and public health increases. Modern traffic analysis

tools provide accurate and detailed measurements of pollution resulting from congestion including that associated with parking.

To ensure a successful implementation of efficient parking controls, a national parking policy is needed to be in-place that is consistent with other elements of an Integrated Transport and Land Use Planning policies. Parking strategies will then be formulated at local level by the highway/ parking authorities to describe how the national policy is to be implemented while taking into consideration the local needs both in detail and programme.Also, it is no longer considered feasible to cater for unlimited growth of traffic in many town centres. Management of the amount and type of parking is, therefore, an important means of influencing overall levels of traffic demand, as well as the balance between different purposes of car trips which are generated, such as shopping journeys being given preference over journeys to work.The total amount and balance

of parking ‘stock’ in an area should be considered in devising appropriate parking policies. On–street parking and off–street parking, including private parking, should be considered together, as complementary parts of the total parking stock available. In dense urban areas, where the demand for spaces at peak parking periods is likely to exceed the supply, policy decisions are needed on the allocation of the available space amongst the various categories of potential users. Priority is often given to the demands of local residents and short–stay shoppers first, with long–stay parking for commuters and local workers being regarded as less essential. The need for new off–street car parks should also be considered within overall transport policy and the adequacy of the local highway network. The establishment of clear parking policies should lead to plans for the effective management of

both on–street and off–street parking. Time limits may be imposed on different categories of users and differential charges levied to optimise the use of the available space. When demand exceeds supply and where a local authority’s policy is to give priority to short–stay parking, it may be necessary to impose maximum parking stays at on–street spaces and to adopt steeply graduated charges at off–street car parks to discourage long–stay parking. Where it is necessary to provide some long–stay parking, a system of car park season tickets can be introduced, to enable the allocation of parking spaces to be better targeted, perhaps by limiting the issuing of season tickets to the occupants of commercial premises with little or no off–street parking provision. However, the extent of privately controlled and operated ‘public’ car parks in an area may limit an authority’s ability to implement its parking policies.

THE NEED FOR A NATIONAL PARKING POLICY

REVIEW OF EXISTING SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIES

In order to implement the parking policy, a thorough assessment should be made of the times and places where stopping needs to be restricted and the places and times where it can be allowed. At Urban sections of the road network, vehicles will want to stop, park and load or unload to meet the needs of people, therefore, a range of controls will be needed to ensure safe traffic movement. The range of controls on these sections should,

in particular, balance the needs of non-local traffic with local development and activity. Assessment should be made of the existing and projected future demand for parking spaces in an area, both on–street and off–street. A comparison of supply and demand figures, preferably broken down into short–stay and long–stay parking, enables the likely overall balance, surplus or deficit, to be established at any time. The parking requirements of

local residents should be assessed separately and appropriate provision identified. The intensity of demand for parking and the duration of stay will vary with the time of day, day of week and season as well as by the type of vehicle and the purpose of the journey. For example, parking demand by short–stay shoppers is likely to be at its peak on weekdays at midday, weekend mornings and during the public holidays as well

IMPLEMENTATION, ENFORCEMENT AND MONITORING

as Ramadan and Eid, whereas long–stay parking demand by residents tends to be greatest early in the morning and in the evening. Future parking demand should be quantified in light of planning policies and anticipated developments in the area. The effects of future development on the existing parking stock, for example by the possible loss of temporary off–street parking sites due to rebuilding or the need to restrict on–street parking on a busy road, should also be assessed.

Parking policies have direct, and often significant, effects on people’s lives. In particular, the availability of parking spaces, both on–street and off–street, is of great concern to local residents, retailers and other local businesses. Residents may be concerned about the accident–potential and environmental implications of indiscriminate on–street parking in their streets, as well as the availability of parking for their own and their visitors’ use. It is important, therefore, to consult widely before embarking

on any significant changes in parking arrangements, not least to avoid the risk of having to alter costly measures after their introduction because they prove to be unpopular. Moreover, legal requirements for some types of measures, such as on–street parking controls and some off–street parking charges, have to be publicised before they can be implemented. Local authorities may find it helpful to carry out more extensive public consultation exercises when major changes are proposed.

5.1. ImplementationOnce a controlled Parking Scheme has received its approval following proper assessment that includes public consultation, the fine details will have to be determined. These details will

cover but not limited to the following:• Definition of the Controlled

Parking Zone(s),• Hours of operation by

section,• Type of Control (signs and

Marking, Meter, Pay and Display), extent,

• Parking Permits (Residents, Traders, Disabled, Doctors, etc.), and;

• Enforcement Party (Police or Contractor)

5.2 . EnforcementAs the police and the highway authorities all share the common interest in ensuring effective and consistent enforcement of the controls to guarantee that the parking management systems meet their objectives, full cooperation between these parties should be established. If necessary, the private sector could be involved to provide the

enforcement service through parking decriminalisation.To ensure efficient service, the party responsible for enforcement should be set targets through clear performance indicators.Whenever possible, best use should be made of state of the art technology such as CCTV and image recognition in parking enforcement that will increase efficiency and accuracy.

5.3 .MonitoringThe primary aim of monitoring is to provide periodic performance assessment of the implemented controlled parking scheme to ensure meeting or exceeding its goals and objectives. This assessment will also provide the information to enable periodic reviews and amendments.The most effective assessment process usually involves setting Key Performance Indicators (KPI)

that are Specific, Measureable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound (SMART). The Monitoring process should:• Commence immediately

before the start of the implementation (to capture the Before status), and;

• Continue after (to capture the full improvements as well as the sustainability over time).

The Monitoring process is ideally

carried out in annual cycles whereby data are collected during a predefined periods to ensure direct comparison between cycles.While the monitoring exercise can extend to cover collecting data on level of congestion, safety and environmental elements, more emphasis is usually placed on collecting data that is more directly related to parking e.g. supply, demand, length of stay,

Efficient on-street parking controls Key to urban traffic managementEfficient on-street parking controls Key to urban traffic management


enforcement efficiency etc.. This can take one of the two following forms:

• The first type of parking survey is designed to provide a ‘snapshot’ of what happens on the entire scheme during peak and off-peak periods. This survey is carried out either on-foot or from a video-equipped moving car with an observer

who accurately locates the position of every stationary vehicle. This survey is carried out in regular intervals (beats) to provide information on parking turnover patterns during the day.

• The second type of parking survey is highly detailed and carried out at a representative sample of parking parades. Every section of kerb, both on the network itself and on

short lengths of adjacent side roads, is recorded in great detail over a continuous -12hour (or longer) period. This information is used to evaluate changes in stopping activity, such as length of stay and details of enforcement activity and actions against offending vehicles together with identifying major parking attracting destinations.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Available literature, worldwide observations in particular those specific to the Middle East region suggest the following:

• Efficient parking controls on urban roads should be a high priority in GCC cities due to the undesirable high reliance on the car. This should be achieved through the development of National Parking Policy and Local

Strategies to facilitate the implantation.

• It is envisaged, based on data collected so far in GCC and Bahrain in particular, that the urgently needed National Parking Policies should no doubt include extension of the existing Controlled Parking Zones and creation of new ones.

• Due to the special condition prevailing in the GCC

countries that would make achieving a modal shift from the Car to Public Transport a relatively more challenging task than elsewhere in the world, the highway authorities and the private sector should cooperate to provide alternatives in the form of multi-storey off-street car parks to support the proposed parking policies.

This article is re-printed from the Infrastructure Middle East 2011 Conference & Exhibition, kingdom of Bahrain, 17-19 January 2011.

Long-Span Cable-Supported bridges

IngressIt has been said that «Temples and bridges are the most outstanding exhibits of mankind». On the other hand, never earlier have so many notable (long-span) bridges been built as during the change of the Millennium. The boom of great bridges concerns long-span cable-supported bridges, i.e. suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges, particularly in China.

Keywords:long-span cable-supported bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, tensile strength of cable wires, strong steel truss stiffening girders, novel streamlined steel box girders, earthquake resistance, Ref.[1-2].

Prelude:This is a revised abridgement of articles [1 & 2]. Further to the development of suspension bridges with respect to the growth of the main span, the materials of towers are discussed, and the methods of assembling main cables and the increase of tensile strength of the cable-wires are outlined in article [1]. Also the two main types introduced for the deck structures are described, particularly after the collapse of the first Tacoma Bridge (in 1940): strong steel truss stiffening girders (in USA) and novel streamlined steel box girders (in Europe and Asia). The

importance of resistance against earthquakes is pointed out, particularly in view of the survival of the Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in the notorious Kobe earthquake in 1995. Detailed drafts (longitudinal profiles, cross-sections on deck, front elevations on towers) on long-span suspension bridges are included in article [2].

The term «span» here means expressly the main span of a bridge = distance between c-c of towers/pylons/piers/supports, definitely not the total length or overall length (= sum of spans) of any multi-span bridge [3].Long-span bridges:

As appears in attached Table, which is a combination of Tables 1-2 of Ref.[3], there are in the world nearly 30 bridges with a span longer than 1000 m. These all are cable-supported bridges (suspension bridges or cable-stayed bridges), most of these in China. The record span of suspension bridges is near to the 2 km limit, and among cable-stayed bridges the record span is an odd 1 km.

Among suspension bridges, No.1 is the mighty Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge, main span 1991 m, completed in 1998 (Fig.1 & 2). It is situated near Kobe, in Japan, along the Kobe-Naruto Route, between Honshu and Shikoku Islands. No.2 is the

Xihoumen Bridge (span 1650 m; completion year 2009) in China, near Shanghai, and No.3 is the Great Belt East Bridge in Denmark (1624 m; 1998), some 100 km west of Copenhagen (Fig.3 & 4).

Among suspension bridges for highway/railway traffic, No.1 is the Tsing Ma Bridge (1377 m; 1997) in Hong Kong, China. No.2 is the Minami Bisan-seto Bridge (1100 m; 1988) in Japan, along the Kojima-Sakaide Route, between Honshu and Shikoku Islands, some 100 km west of Kobe.

Among cable-stayed bridges, No.1 is the Russky Island Bridge (1104 m; 2012) in Vladivostok, Russia, No.2 the Sutong Bridge (1088 m; 2008) near Shanghai in China, and No.3 the Stonecutters Bridge (1018 m; 2009) in Hong Kong, also in China.Among cable-stayed bridges for highway/railway traffic, No.1 is the Tianxingzhou Bridge (504 m; 2009) in Wuhan, China, and No.2 is the Oresund Bridge (490 m; 2000) between Sweden and Denmark.

Among 1-tower cable-stayed bridges, No.1 is the Surgut Bridge in Russia (408 m; 2000), and No.2. is the Huangpu-2 Bridge (383 m; 2008) near Hong Kong, China. The projected Ulyanovsk Bridge in Russia was planned

Mr. Juhani VIROLA, Eur Ing-FEANIKeinulaudantie 5.C.75

FI-00940 HELSINKIFinland

Efficient on-street parking controls Key to urban traffic management


to have 1 tower and 2 adjacent spans of 407 m each, but the plan was changed for a shorter-span bridge type.

The longest-span bridge beyond cable-supported bridges is the Chaotianmen Bridge, a steel arch bridge (span 552 m; 2008) in Chongqing, China. As appears from the Bridge Tables 1-7 in Ref.[3], steel arch and steel truss girder bridges may reach max. span about 500 m, concrete arch bridges 400 m, prestressed concrete girder and steel box and plate girder bridges some 300 m.

Some proposed super long-span bridges of the future should be mentioned, too. For instance, suspension bridges like Qiongzhou in China (span something between 2000-2500 m); Messina in Italy (3300 m); Tsugaru in Japan (4000 m); Gibraltar Strait between Spain and Morocco (5000 m). Finally, a gigantic cable-stayed bridge was proposed in the late 1980›s across the Gibraltar Strait with an enormous main span of 8400 m [4].

EpilogueLong-span bridges have interested us always, me and my wife, particularly great suspension bridges and also cable-stayed bridges (Tatara).

Hitherto, we have visited the following long-span cable-supported bridges (in order of main span) in the Table: Akashi, Great Belt, Humber, Verrazano, Golden Gate, Höga Kusten, Fatih Sultan Mehmet, Bosporus, George Washington, Kurushima-3, Ponte 25 de Abril, Forth, and also some other long-span cable-supported bridges beyond the Table: Severn (span 988 m), Tatara (890 m), Transbay (2 x 704 m). Excluding the 2 Istanbul suspension bridges (1090 m; 1074 m), in other cases we were permitted to enter the top of the towers of the bridges mentioned above. The 3 suspension bridges on the Kojima-Sakaide Route: Minami Bisan-seto (1100 m), Kita Bisan-seto (990 m) and Shimotsui-seto (940 m) we crossed by train, and the 2 suspension bridges on the Onomichi-Imabari Route: Kurushima-2 (1020 m) and Kurushima-1 (600 m), we passed by ship, so those are not counted.

References[1] Juhani Virola: «Notable bridges in the world and in Finland» (original Finnish, 66 pic., a limited amount of reprints available in English). Tierakennusmestari 1995:2, p. 85-104 & 1995:3, p. 75-85.[2] Juhani Virola: «Long-span cable-supported bridges» (18 photos, 21 drafts). The Bridge & Structural Engineer 2001:2, p. 1-44.[3] Bridge Tables of the Helsinki University of Technology (TKK), www.tkk.fi/Units/Bridge/longspan.html[4] Urs Meier: «Proposal for a carbon-fibre reinforced composite bridge across the Strait of Gibraltar at its narrowest site». Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Vol.201, No.B2 (1987), p. 73-78.

No. Bridge Span Location Year

1 Akashi-Kaikyo 1991 m Kobe-Naruto, Japan 1998 2 Xihoumen 1650 m Zhoushan, China 2009 3 Great Belt East 1624 m Korsor, Denmark 1998 4 Gwangyang 1545 m Myodo-Gwangyang, Korea 2012 5 Runyang South 1490 m Zhenjiang, China 2005 6 Nanjing-4 1418 m Nanjing, China 2013 7 Humber 1410 m Kingston-upon-Hull, UK 1981 8 Jiangyin 1385 m Jiangsu, China 1999 9 Tsing Ma 1377 m Hong Kong, China 199710 Hardanger 1310 m Vallavik-Bu, Norway 2013

THE LONGEST-SPAN CABLE-SUPPORTED BRIDGES (span 1000 m)

NOTE: Those marked with (c/s) are cable-stayed bridges, others are suspension bridges.

Fig.1: The Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, greatest bridge ever built (span 1991 m). Photo taken towards south from the top of the Maiko Tower, near the north anchorage at Kobe side.PHOTO: LEENA VIROLA,

Fig.2: The Great Belt East Bridge in Denmark (span 1624 m), under construction in 1997.PHOTO: JUHANI VIROLA,

Fig.3: Korsor by night. The Great Belt suspension bridge in the background.PHOTO: LEENA VIROLA,

Fig.4: The Tatara Bridge in Japan (span 890 m), once the world record cable-stayed bridge [3]. View from the top of the Onomichi tower towards the tower at Imabari side.PHOTO: JUHANI VIROLA,

Long-Span Cable-Supported bridges Long-Span Cable-Supported bridges


Benedikt StentrupRELINEEUROPE Liner GmbH & Co. [email protected]

Sewerage rehabilitation works at Zubara Avenue in Manama

Company Frisch & Faust Tiefbau GmbH is a medium-sized construction company based in Berlin (Germany). Frisch & Fausts focus are conventional underground construction works as well as special no-dig technologies for supply and disposal networks. In the past years especially the sewer renovation with light curing pipe liners became a more and more important business unit

for Frisch & Faust. Since March 2010 Frisch & Faust is using the new CIPP material “Alphaliner” for its rehabilitation projects.The Alphaliner is produced by RELINEEUROPE, a new supplier for innovative rehabilitation technologies. The Alphaliner is a light-curing GRP pipe liner which is based on a special quality ECR-glass fiber and a resin system optimized for UV light curing. Light-

curing liner systems have a number of definite advantages compared with traditional liner technologies. Characteristic for the Alphaliner are its high mechanical properties and an extremely stress resistant inner surface. With its quick and reliable curing by special UV light trains it offers short operation times on site and a durable solution for rehabilitated sewers.

Picture 1: Pumps for the wastewater bypass

For the rehabilitation project in Zubara Avenue in Manama especially the short installation times of the Alphaliner met the requirements of the Ministry of Works: Due to the laundries, shops and small restaurants in the Zubara Avenue the installation works had to be done at night. The traffic management for the two lines of the road was agreed with Bahrain’s Traffic Office in a weekly meeting.The host pipes in dimensions 300mm to 700mm were renovated in 16 single installations. Depending on the specific location

of the pipe sections the single installations lengths varied from 11 to 156 meters. For the first installation sections the sewer was only blocked and the sewage water was taken away with tankers. As the waste water volume became higher downstreams Frisch & Faust`s local subcontractor Downtown construction had to use up to 8 pumps for bypassing.The ready-to-use lining material was manufactured in the German production plant of RELINEEUROPE. The production according to the RELINEEUROPE Total Quality Management system (TQM) guarantees a continuously high quality of all manufactured liners. As the uncured Alphaliners have a shelf life of half a year they were shipped by sea freight to Bahrain. From the local warehouse of Downtown construction the single liners were brought to the job site.

After preparatory cleaning and CCTV the liners were pulled into the host pipes. The liners were inflated with air to expand to the host pipes diameter. The exact positioning of the tube was controlled with a camera before the curing was started. The curing of the lining material was initiated by the special UV lamps of a light train. While pulling the light train trough the liner it reacted on the whole length to become a joint-less pipe. All parameters which were relevant of the quality of the Alphaliner were controlled and logged by the control desk of the curing unit. For curing the Frisch & Faust crew used a mobile 9 X 1.000 Watt installation equipment which was manufactured by RELINEEUROPE as well. So the optimal adjustment of the curing power to the reaction characteristic of the resin was assured.

All important parameters of this most important installation

Picture 2: Liner curing by UV light train

Picture 3: Mechanical testing of a liner sample

step were logged by the control software of the curing unit.

To proof the quality of the installed Alphaliners the Frisch & Faust engineers took exemplary liner samples out of several installation sections. The independent material testing laboratory Siebert + Knippschild tested the mechanical values (E-Modulus, bending

stress), the laminate thickness and the water density according to different European standards. The test results underlined that the installed pipe liners are able to take the structural loads on site for the next 50 years. The density of

the material was passed, too. So the trenchless Alphaliner method proofed that it is a quick, safe and cost effective alternative compared with open trench technologies and traditional liner systems. This article is re-printed from the Infrastructure Middle East 2011 Conference & Exhibition, kingdom of Bahrain, 17-19 January 2011.

This article is re-printed from the Infrastructure Middle East 2011 Conference & Exhibition, kingdom of Bahrain, 17-19 January 2011.

UV-light-curing CIPP in Bahrain UV-light-curing CIPP in Bahrain

Conference Focus Conference Focus26 27

this can bring benefits to all stakeholders and especially with the return of confidence to the sector after years of recession. He explained that Underground Infrastructure Middle East Conference and Exhibition 2011 is now considered as a significant platform that he bears within it the potential to be a turning point for the development of infrastructure in the Gulf and the Middle East. Adding that in 2010 edition was successfully hosted, and this year was also as promising by expanding its scope under the umbrella of the new underground Infrastructure Middle East Conference and Exhibition which consists of three sections “Infrastructure”, “Water and Sewerage” and “Traffic and transportation”. On the other hand, Eng. Abdul Majeed Al Gassab, President, Bahrain Society of Engineers said that in the past several

years, Bahrain’s economy along with the economies of Gulf countries adopted exploration of hydrocarbon resources, through the guidance of the wise leadership of the Kingdom and the ambitious economic vision 2030 there will be diversification and expansion into new sectors in order to achieve balanced growth and sustainability.

Eng. Al Gassab shed the light

on these sectors, including financial services, banking, trading, manufacturing, agriculture and related activities and retail trade as well as the development of tourism based on heritage, entertainment, leisure and entertainment facilities. He emphasized that infrastructure plays a crucial role in laying the foundation for continued growth and development of these sectors, therefore most governments in the region focused on the planned developments of major infrastructure projects including roads, railways, telecommunications, energy as well as commercial complexes and residential large.

Elaborating Eng. Al Gassab said that this portion also became stronger post the global financial crisis considering the need to pump liquidity into the region’s economies in order to maintain growth rates. He

The Ministry of Works, Bahrain Society of Engineers and Euro Institute for Information and Technology Transfer organized the second Infrastructure Middle East 2011 Conference and Exhibition under the patronage of H.E. Eng. Essam Bin Abdulla Khalaf, Minster of Works, Kingdom of Bahrain at Gulf Hotel Bahrain’s Gulf International Convention at a high profile ceremony attended by specialists, industry professionals, manufacturers, investors, sponsors and exhibitors.

The Bahrain Society of Engineers announced in a press conference the launch of the second Underground Infrastructure Middle East Conference and Exhibition, which was held from 17 to 19 January 2011.During the press conference, Mr. Klaus Reiter, President of Euro Institute for Information and Technology Transfer Germany, expressed his happiness for the continuity of the Conference for the second year in a row. On the other hand, Eng. Abdul Majeed Al Gassab, President of Bahrain Society of Engineers Engineer emphasized the importance of the conference as a turning point towards the development

of infrastructure in the MENA region.

The conference program was announced during the press conference comprising of 2 sessions on “visions and technical innovations” and “the essential regional infrastructure projects” which includes the Gulf railway development project distance of 1940 km connecting the six GCC countries together. But it is not the only major project, there were other projects on the conference agenda including small and medium in-progress infrastructure projects, requiring international attention and feedback, further research and discussion. 8 major papers were presented on the first day after the opening ceremony. While the following two days 45 speakers presented their technical papers in 3 parallel sessions, in addition to 3 workshops and 2 site visits covering all aspects of technical and administrative infrastructure development.

Mr. Khalifa Al-Mansour,

On this occasion, Mr. Khalifa Al-Mansour, Assistant Undersecretary of Sanitation at the Ministry Works, Conference Chairman stated that while

development of infrastructure is critical to meet the region’s needs, the Government funding alone is not sufficient to ensure to keeping pace with investment, economic growth and population growth. There is one solution for this concern, private investment, a strategy that has been encouraged by the GCC reflected in the collaboration between public and private sectors for construction or operation of infrastructure projects in the region.

Elaborating Mr. Al-Mansour said that the GCC countries have pursued to ease the burden of funding by encouraging the sale of government assets to buyers from the private sector and promoting investment through infrastructure funds and private equity funds, stressing that

Infrastructure Middle East Conference &Exhibition 2011 Infrastructure Middle East Conference & Exhibition 2011


stressed that for this reason the “Middle East Infrastructure 2011” has become an important event emerging from recession to a lot of optimism looking forward to recovery and renewed economic activity.

The conference brought together over 500 government representatives, private sector developers, investors and financiers as well as leading industry experts to meet, discuss and find solutions to the problems confronting infrastructure development in the region. Stakeholders will get the opportunity to present their existing and future infrastructure projects, share information about their practical experiences in implementation, management and operation as well as undertake advocacy activities in order to prioritise their development, overcome procedural bottlenecks and ensure smooth progress in implementation and operation.

That development and investments in the GCC countries in various fields and key sectors of hundreds billions dollars, must be equal

to the huge investments to develop infrastructure for better services and developing ambitious programs to prepare for future challenges. Eng. Al Gassab stressed that this growth without doubt reflects the great demand for a number of services and requires more resources to develop techniques and programs able to cope with this demand in these vital sectors, as well as finding funds and suitable management to provide high quality services. The conference, which extended over two days discussed the most prominent of these challenges by offering the trends and technologies which can accommodate the complexity of the process in providing infrastructure services without disruption or damage to business and other daily activities associated with these services and projects. Besides this, the conference opened the field to strengthen the partnership between the public and private sectors in an effort to provide high quality services and take advantage of the experiences from different countries.

Eng. Al Gassab stressed that the second conference included four main topics namely, ‘Underground infrastructure’, ‘Water and waste water’ and ‘Traffic and transportation’. The Conference provides a unique platform for experts, specialists and interested regional and international professionals to exchange expertise on this matter and shed light on the latest developments on all aspects of technical and related administrative activities of infrastructure and rehabilitation of human resources development, asset management, standards and regulations, stressing that Bahrain has strengthened its position in the field of infrastructure during the previous conference, both on regional and international level, given Bahrain’s important role in the tourism conferences and exhibitions sector in the region, as the Centre point of the large markets in the Gulf Arab countries mainly Saudi Arabia, which is the largest and most populous economy and investment.

Eng. Jameel Al Alawi,

Eng. Jameel Al Alawi, Director of Conferences, Bahrain Society of engineers stressed that the Middle East Infrastructure conference and exhibition 2011 have witnessed an overwhelming participation of over 500 specialists, researchers, regional and international industry professionals, various government and private bodies

and construction companies specialized in the field of infrastructure.

Elaborating Eng. Jameel said that the exhibition held parallel to the conference have witnessed participation of over 30 exhibitors. The exhibition provided a unique platform for representatives of government and private sector developers, investors and financiers as well as industry experts to

Jameel Al Alawi: the Conference brought together over 500 experts in the field of infrastructure

meet and discuss solutions to the problems facing the development of infrastructure in the region, in addition as well as keynote speakers enriching the discussion in highlighting the latest developments in the industry and that would benefit the Kingdom and the region, will have a significant impact in supporting the economy. This conference hosted by Bahrain for the second year in the region comes after the great success of the first conference hosted by Bahrain in January

2010.The conference and exhibition offered great opportunity for those interested to submit their present their current and future projects in the field of infrastructure and sharing of practical experiences in the field of application and management and operational activities, guidance to identify development priorities and facilitate the procurement process and procedures.

The 2011 edition’s plenary session takes off with a

discussion on “Visionary Technical Innovations” and “Key Regional Infrastructure Projects”, which includes the planned development of the 1,940 km Gulf Railway Project linking the six GCC states. But it isn’t only the large projects that will be the focus of attention. Various small and medium scale infrastructure projects that are currently under way and that require international inputs are also on the agenda for discussion.

The Conference workshops and technical program

The Infrastructure Middle East Conferences and Exhibition 2011 was organized by the Ministry of Works, Bahrain Society of Engineers and Euro Institute for Information and Technology Transfer. Various workshops and technical sessions were conducted at Gulf Hotel Bahrain’s Gulf International Convention Centre.

The 2011 edition’s plenary session took off with a discussion on “Visionary Technical Innovations” and “Key Regional Infrastructure Projects”, which includes the planned development of the 1,940 km Gulf Railway Project linking the six GCC states. But it isn’t only the large projects that will be the focus of attention. Various small and medium scale infrastructure projects that are currently under way and that require international inputs are also on the agenda for discussion. The deliberations covered all relevant

technical and managerial aspects of infrastructure development, including sewerage, gas, water, power, district heating/cooling and telecommunication systems; water resources treatment and management; waste water and sludge treatment; re-use of treated waste water; and transportation, which covers roads and railways as well as activities and futuristic technologies such as tunneling.

The workshops on the second day focused on the following topics “the infrastructure”, “water - water and sanitation,” and “asset management and monitoring” presented by the Chairman of the session, Dr. Robert Stein, executive director of Standard & Pours Astshar, Germany. He presented the first technical papers on the following: “the status of underground investment” and “asset management for water utilities; lessons learned from applications of GIS at large-

scale” and “asset management: from data to decisions.” The second session in a form of workshops addressed: Network Information Systems - from engineering to the life-cycle management to protect investment and enhance safety, and a workshop on converting files minute for high-speed precision measurements of the flow rate in the dimensions of large and small, and a working paper on the infrastructure and monitoring of underground and leak detection, with optical fiber sensors. The third session on “Water and Wastewater” “treatment solutions”,”State of the Art disposal of sludge”,”appropriate solutions for the Middle East”, “challenge the best systems to reuse wastewater in the treatment of oil and gas industry, “multi-tasking use of ozone in the advanced stage of waste water treatment for disinfection and reuse and sludge treatment and remove the smell of exhaust air”, “water treatment

Infrastructure Middle East Conference & Exhibition 2011Infrastructure Middle East Conference & Exhibition 2011


As one of the largest urban developments in the Kingdom of Bahrain, Diyar Al Muharraq is seen as an advocate of initiatives that aspire to improve and add value to property and infrastructural development in the region. Further justifying this reputation, the company participated as a Gold Sponsor in the Underground Infrastructure Middle East 2011 Exhibition and Conference which was held from January 17 to 19,

2011 at the Gulf International Convention Center, Gulf Hotel Bahrain.

The prestigious Exhibition will be held for its second edition under the patronage of H.E. Eng Essam Bin Abdulla Khalaf, Minister of Works, Kingdom of Bahrain. The conference will introduce and focus on three main areas of underground infrastructure, Water; Waste Water; Traffic and Transportation. All aspects

of underground infrastructure activities from new installations, utility tunneling, pipes and sewer rehabilitation to human resource development, asset management and standards and regulations will be on the list of subjects under review.

Diyar Al Muharraq has a very significant commitment to the issues under discussion such as sewerage systems, water distribution, district cooling,

Diyar Al Muharraq extends support for Infrastructure Middle East Exhibition and Conference

wells in the Sultanate of Oman by dioxide chloro” Desalination of sea water “and” sludge treatment and disposal “.

And on the third day, activities started under the title of “transportation” several technical workshops

“trend towards planning and management” “managing congestion”, “ implementation of the pricing policy at the George Street Town”, “crisis management point of view” and “traffic control air and information systems”, “ the efficiency of controls and

parking on the street - the key to traffic management in cities”, “Towards modeling for a pedestrian crossing (methodology of effective cost-Karachi) and “Evaluation of traffic safety in the construction and maintenance projects roads”.

telecommunication network and power grids which are of crucial importance to the project. Participation in this event reaffirms Diyar Al Muharraq’s commitment to maintaining the highest international standards, contributing to discussions and sharing valuable experience with other participants.Expressing his delight in the company’s participation as a Silver Sponsor, Mr. Aaref Hejres, CEO of Diyar Al Muharraq remarked, “We keenly appreciate our responsibility towards the building up of a strong infrastructure program in the Kingdom of Bahrain, which will be a foundation for all urban development. Our vision has been based on farsighted policies and strategies that suit the requirements of the various sectors of society, which will at the same time, contribute to the stability and development of the property and the realty

sector and the country as a whole. We seek at all times to raise the bar of excellence, sharing our vast experience in infrastructure management while eager to learn and garner from the experience and expertise of others.”

The 2nd Underground Infrastructure Middle East 2011 was organized by the internationally renowned Euro Institute for Information and Technology Transfer in Environmental Protection in cooperation with the Bahrain Society of Engineers and Ministry of Works. The conference provides a platform for regional and international experts to share knowledge and expertise and to remain abreast of the latest technologies in underground services and sustainable infrastructure developments, and is considered the first conference of its kind to have been initiated

in Bahrain and the region as a whole. The event provides infrastructure modern sense of all public facilities related to information technology and communications and all the appliances and equipment used to link-mail between computers and between users and the media, including telephone lines and cable television, satellites and antennas, as well as general software, and lines of networking between them and the (Routers), and the (Aggregators), and other devices that control transmission paths, and even programs that are used to generate the related services. In addition to service facilities such as markets, schools, colleges, universities and clubs, the coast and sports, cultural and other facilities, industrial and commercial.



Eng Reem Khalfan said that the MENA region is witnessing a tremendous growth in the construction sector and the peak of this growth we see in the United Arab Emirates, specifically Dubai and Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Qatar and Bahrain, where the region is witnessing the movement of construction and building an unprecedented and growing demand in the construction materials led to high prices of land and construction materials along with the increasing demand for qualified engineers. The Gulf market is suffering from shortage of engineers to meet the increasing demands for this excessive growth, the question that arises is whether this phenomenon will continue to boom for years to come?

Eng Reem Khalfan added, in my humble opinion this is not a boom, but is a continuing growth that will last for more than ten years at a lower estimate and the main reason for this is the return of Arab capital migrating to thie countries confident

that investment in their home country and its region is more secure. The Arab region needs to develop further infrastructure and services projects, and realize the need to develop social services and educational health for its citizens in which its lacking, and there is also an important factor of population growth, the great Arab and the enrollment of large numbers to the labor market and the composition of families in need of housing, market, school and center healthy means of transport had to be made available in this phase.

Based on the physical reality of the region, we find that there are many deficiencies in meeting the infrastructure and we see and hear a lot of government guidelines to increase investments to complete the infrastructure projects. The construction sector also witnessed increasing investments in public and private sectors in various areas such as the establishment of commercial complexes, residential and recreational areas, and expansions in the oil and petrochemical industries, which contributed to the rising share of the construction sector.

What we see evident in the recent study that the construction sector plays a key role in supporting and developing the infrastructure and other productive sectors, through the ties that bind this sector to others. As the study pointed out that the size of large investments in building infrastructure and housing is the main supporter of building materials industry where it

should continue its development efforts through the stages of growth, which can exceed production in some types of building materials stage to meet the need of the local market to the stages of export to other neighboring countries.

Engineer Hisham Sherida stressed that investment in infrastructure has witnessed a remarkable interest in the Middle East, in a time when the European countries and developed countries in general, have expressed similar interest at early stages, and before the MENA region for many reasons. The slow domestic capital and foreign investment in the Middle East, especially in developing countries infrastructure due to indicators of economic conditions coupled with the risks and instability which contributed to the reluctance of investors to invest their money in infrastructure.

“ALMOHADIS” visited the exhibition and met a number of visitors and exhibitors with this coverage:

Eng Aed Khalil noted that Arab countries in general and Gulf region in particular invest a lot of money on infrastructure projects and its development. Gulf countries is constantly developing and maintaining its infrastructure, while we see other Arab countries have failed in this side a lot, while deliberately some of them practiced a prosthetic solutions interim which affects over the time negatively on their infrastructure sector, leading to financial losses putting an end to the problem, while we see the general climate in the Gulf region and through government support and facilities to the private sector contributed positively to pump more investments in this area which will benefit everyone.

On the other hand, Eng Ahmed Nassar stressed that his participation in the Middle East infrastructure 2011 has enriched his knowledge and experience, having got the chance to explore the latest trends in this sector, with the presence and participation of more than 300 experts and interested in the field of infrastructure, companies participating in the exhibition parallel to the conference provided by a significant platforms showcasing exhibitors products and projects in addition to providing solutions to the problems that may affect this sector and impeding the development of infrastructure and appropriate solutions.He concluded by referring the Kingdom of Bahrain as one of the countries that contributed to the early development of infrastructure and still give this sector a significant attention by providing sufficient budgets to develop and modernize its infrastructure in order to cope with the accelerating growth in all fields especially urban sector.

Eng Reem Khalfan

Eng Hisham Sherida

Eng Aed Khalil

Eng Ahmed Nassar


Engineering Careers Engineering Careers34 35

In this Section, ALMOHANDIS highlights an engineering career from the point of view of the daily professional activities of a young Bahraini engineer engaged in industry. The objective is to highlight the diversity of potential jobs and careers for young engineers in Bahrain and the quality of our young engineers active in the job market.

The building industry is the industry of designing and constructing buildings. This industry includes architects, structural engineers, and contractors. The structural engineers handle the analysis of the structure based on the architectural design.

What is your role and responsibilities at work?As a structural engineer, I am responsible for delivering the structural design of buildings (Vilas, Mutlti- Story Buildings) depending on the project requirements to satisfy architectural design providing stability and reinforcement details.

What skills or qualities you need to do your job (other than Technical & engineering skills)?Communication skills are essential to successful team work and presentation delivery. In addition, time management is needed to make sure that the work is delivered on its due date.

Do you work as part of a team? Describe your role and contributions to the team please.Yes. I provide technical support through working on detailed design using various structural analysis packages.

What is the first thing you do when you get in the office each day?Drink Coffee.

What does your typical daily routine include?Check e-mails, review and update to do list, create a time line for my tasks, and ensure delivering tasks on time. What kind of interaction do you have with the Company’s clients?I do not have direct contacts with the clients; all communications e-mails through the principal Engineer.

How much time do you spend on work out of the office each week?Usually none. I only spend time on work outside the office when I have a project to deliver.

Eman A.Nabi Al Sabah BSc in Civil Engineering

URS Scott Wilson – BahrainGraduate Structural Engineer

How do you view the ad-vancement potential from your current position as Structural Engineer?Structural engineering is a vast field. I see my advancement to a senior engineer and then to a project manager.

What is your favorite part of the job?Creating solutions and expanding my knowledge. Also, I value the opportunity for growth in both technical (engineering) and non-technical (management) aspects.

What is the hardest part of your job?Detail-orientation.

What criteria do you meas-ure your performance on?If I am measuring my quality of work, I set a standard and measure my performance based on it. I also measure the time it takes me to complete a task. The most important part of measuring performance, in my opinion, is setting a known standard or benchmark to measure the performance based on.

Apart from the technical and engineering knowl-edge, how did your BSc studies and degree prepare you to be where you are? Degree studies have provided me with the opportunity to explore other disciplines, thus increasing my creativity. Also, having communication classes helped improve my presentation skills and writing.

What has been your most memorable moment in your current role?Receiving the best speech award in PMI AGC’s International conference for a presentation on Green Buildings. This award was the result of the remarkable support of my team and company as a whole, which I am truly thankful for.

Name examples of major companies in the world who are part of this industry and employ engineers in similar positions.WS Atkins, Hyder, AECOM.

Engineering Consulting Industry Engineering Consulting Industry

Engineering EducationEngineering Education36 37

Finally, I visited the legendary professor at the University of Bahrain “Prof. Mohammad Salim Akhter” from the Department of Chemistry. My visit was for the purpose of “Peer Observation”. Furthermore, I had the pleasure of having him observe one of my lectures a week after my visit. I heard about him when I joined the university in June of 2005 and, ever since, wanted to attend one of his lectures. I was curious to know why my sister, who was one of his students twenty years ago, still talked about him whenever the subject of teaching or university was brought up.

Peer observation of teaching or lecturing is the process in which a teacher gets observed by colleagues during his lecture or he observes another teacher during her lecture. The aim of peer observation is to get feedback from colleagues

on one’s teaching practice and to learn from watching others teach. Peer observation provides an opportunity to receive constructive feedback on what you are doing well and what you need to improve. It also provides an opportunity to witness sound practices that you may want to follow or flawed ones that you may want to avoid. Peer observation can be conducted for the purpose of performance review (summative) or for the purpose of development (formative); the second of which applies to my peer observation experience.

In the first visit, Dr. Bassam Al-Hamad and I attended Prof. Akhter’s lecture, which is what I will focus on in this article. The second visit, in which Prof. Akhter and Dr. Al-Hamad attended my lecture, will be discussed in another article that will appear in the following issue of Al-Mohandis.

In his class, Prof. Akhter waited for about 8 minutes until all the students showed up then started his lecture by writing the title “Catalysis” on the whiteboard. Personally, I usually start my lectures right after I enter the class regardless of the number of students present; I consider that a way of teaching discipline. Going back to Prof. Akhter, his lecture was indeed entirely devoted to the subject that he specified, making the objective of the lecture very clear. Noticing how specific he was, I thought I should be more specific with the objectives of my classes and clearly inform the students of these objectives before I start. Prof. Akhter began the lecture with an introduction to catalysis then explained its different types using examples for their applications and described the characteristics of each type. That made the

Learning through Peer ObservationLearning through Peer Observation

Visiting a Senior Professor

DR. SHAKER M HAJI

CHAIRMAN, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERINGCOLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

[email protected]

lecture very organized and showed that he had planned it well. The teaching was conducted in a reasonable pace with suitable depth for the senior students. In fact I was amazed at how he was able to cover the whole subject in less than 50 minutes! I think being senior and teaching the same course for a long time helped him in structuring his lecture and sticking to the

plan. He knew the content of the lecture like the back of his hand and only looked at his lecture notes a couple of times. His writing was very clear and big enough for a person who was sitting in the last row to see. The same thing could be said about his voice as he was loud and clear and used simple language. He repeated what he said frequently; sometimes in exact phrases,

other times in different words. The redundancy seemed to be helpful for the students, although some words/phrases that were repeated were unnecessary. Considering the content of the lecture, I would say that I understood everything that was explained except for one concept which I thought could have been explained better if he clarified the logic behind the phenomena.

Prof. Mohammed Salim Akhter

Prof. Akhter was certainly successful in engaging the students in the learning process and getting them involved in his lecture. He continuously asked the students and praised those who answered correctly. He knew all of his students’ names. I thought that was very important as it, among other things, made a student feel that he/she was unique and not just another student in a big lecture hall. He cracked jokes from time to time; sometimes through “Bahraini words,” even though that was not his native dialect. He sensed the level of the students’ involvement and occasionally requested their attention.

Looking back on Prof. Akhter’s lecture, I believe that there were two factors that made

his lecture both beneficial and enjoyable: the provided examples and the teaching attitude. The vast amount of examples that he provided during his teaching and their relation to the student environment helped a lot in conveying the subject and in making it easy to understand. These examples indicated the depth with which Prof. Akhter mastered the subject. After each section was explained, he repeatedly said “I need an example”. He either presented the examples in a didactic method by simply giving the students an example or by an interactive method. By interactive method I mean that he was asking the students questions which made them recall or relate to the proper example. The examples covered the whole spectra.

He mentioned examples for intermediates in chemical reactions from real life such as burning coal during a picnic and getting acid reflux after eating. Examples also included cooking oil and how catalysis affects its price, and catalysis in automobiles driven everyday and its impact on the environment. He referred to examples from our local region instead of just mentioning the examples which were in the textbook; examples that most probably would have come from the author’s region. He referred to an example for catalyzed chemical reaction that is utilized in a local chemical industry. One could argue that mentioning the catalyzed chemical reactionwould have been enough as an example, but I would say relating it to the local industry

Engineering Education BSE Activities & News38 39

Bahrain Society of Engineers (BSE), held its annual Honorary Party on 21st June, 2011 at Gulf Hotel. The Board Members had hosted this Annual Honorary Party to Appreciate all Members, BSE Staffs who had actively participated in BSE’s Conference, Training

Programmes and activities held during the year 2010.

Mr. Majeed Al Gassab, President of BSE had thanked all the members who had actively contributed for the success of each and every conferences and Training programmes

hosted by BSE during the Year 2010. Special thanks and appreciation, was showered to all those companies and Ministries for their sponsorship and constant efforts towards the Society’s Success.

The Annual Recognition Ceremony

made that piece of knowledge tangible. He also referred to a few terminologies that appeared in articles published in some local newspapers and how catalysis was indirectly involved in the discussed issue. I assume that this makes students take pride in what they learn as that causes them to feel that they know more than common people who also read the daily newspapers. The other sort of examples that Prof. Akhter presented were from high school, previous courses in the Chemistry B.Sc. Curriculum, and the lab that accompanied this course. I believe that referring to knowledge acquired previously has tremendous effect on the students’ view of knowledge as complementary and of the process of learning as being continuous. Many students think of courses as independent blocks of knowledge and never relate their contents to one another. Furthermore, I find referring to experiments from the course laboratory is a good practice. When I was a student, there were a few times when I wondered what the relation between the lab and the course itself was. I am sure it must have been because the class teacher did not refer to the lab session or the lab teacher did not refer to the class session! Not only did Prof. Akhter give the examples necessary to clarify the point/concept he was conveying, but in the case of lengthy examples he reminded the students of the purpose of the mentioned example and its relation to the class. That, in my opinion, is very necessary, especially for students who become too busy with numbers to remember what the purpose of the example is!

The other factor that made Prof. Akhter’s lecture distinguished was his attitude. He seemed to be very happy while teaching. He kept smiling, moving around, making pleasing comments, and always seemed pleased with the students’ performance in the class. If there was only one thing that I learned in this visit, then it was the importance of keeping a positive attitude. During the past few months, I went through a lot of disappointment and was let down by the students in almost every single class. No matter how hard I tried to convey some information, I came to the next class and asked them about it and all I got was silence. They not only didn’t bother learning at home, they also did not bother attending the classes on a regular basis. All of that made me feel frustrated and irritated while teaching in most lectures. Now, after attending Akhter’s lecture, I try to maintain calm and to keep a smile on throughout the lecture regardless of how it goes. I think being calm and relaxed while teaching makes students feel easy about receiving new information. After the class, Prof. Akhter, Dr. Bassam, and I had a quick discussion about the lecture and teaching in general. Prof. Akhter started the discussion by saying “The students do not come to the class to see the instructor’s back!” He emphasized on the fact that the instructor should come to the class well prepared and not only copy his notes onto the whiteboard. In addition, he stressed on the importance of continuous interaction with the students during the lecture. When the issue of homework was brought up, he informed us

that for this course he classified them in two: homework problems and assignments. For the homework, he provided the students with the number of the textbook problems that would reinforce the subject explained in the class and would help in improving their understanding, but he didn’t collect the students’ work nor grade them. The assignments, which were collected and graded, consisted of one or two questions that covered the main concept(s) of a given chapter. He put emphasis on these assignments and used them as indicators for students’ degree of understanding of the taught chapter. He provided the students with the final answers beforehand, asked the students about the problems in class to make sure that they knew how to solve them, and clarified any difficulties. I like the idea of dividing the practicing problems/questions into homework (ungraded) and assignments (graded), especially if one doesn’t have a teaching assistant to help him/her with grading the numerous homework problems.

I learned a lot from Prof. Akhter by attending his lecture and the knowledge that I acquired from him certainly had, and still has, a positive effect on my teaching skills. I can finally see what my sister talked about all those years! Thanks to the University of Bahrain’s new academic staff preparation program (Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice) which allowed for this visit to take place, something I have wanted to do for many semesters.

Learning through Peer Observation

Activities Associate Societies Activities Associate Societies40 41

MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RISKS AND CLAIMS IN BAHRAIN

The Bahrain Society of Engineers and the Institution of Engineers Pakistan- Bahrain Chapter in cooperation with Nanopool Middle East WLL organized the seminar on ‘Liquid Glass- A revolution for Facility Management’ at BSE Auditorium in Juffair on 6th December 2010.

Mr. Nasser Al Arayedh, Chairman Al Arayedh Group was the Chief Guest. Mr. Juergen Ziebell presented the Liquid Glass technology giving practical demonstrations.

The Institution of Engineers Pakistan- Bahrain Chapter (IEP-BC) in association with the Bahrain Society of Engineers (BSE) organized a technical seminar on “MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION RISKS AND CLAIMS IN BAHRAIN” at Bahrain Society of Engineers Auditorium, Juffair, in November 2010. The seminar was attended by 150 engineers and professionals.

LIQUID GLASS TECHNOLOGY

From the left: Eng. Rehan Ahmed, Senior Environmental Specialist, Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment & Wilidlife, Eng. Suzan Al Ajjawi, Director General Activities, BSE, Ms. Paula Boast, Senior Lawyer, Trowers & Hamlins International, Bahrain,& Dr.

Osama T. Albaharna, Secritary General, BSE.

From Right Eng. Rehan Ahmed, Senior Environmental Specialist, Ms.Nancy Khedouri, Member Shura Council, Chief Guest Mr. Nasser AlArayedh, Mr. Boris Uhlig of Universe Projects International and Mr.

Juergen Ziebell of Nanopool Middle East.

The Institution of Engineers Pakistan- Bahrain Chapter (IEP-BC) in association with the Bahrain Society of Engineers organized a technical seminar on “Environmental Performance Management” on 11th January 2011 at Bahrain Society of Engineers Auditorium.

Presentations were made by Eng. Rehan Ahmed Senior Environmental Specialist, Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife, Bahrain on Development of Environmental Performance Index and Eng. Ijaz Ashraf Co-ordinator Environmental Management Systems Development, Bahrain Petroleum Company (BAPCO) on Monitoring and Measuring Environmental Performance.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT

From Right Eng. Ijaz Ashraf, Eng. Suzan Al Ajjawi, Eng. Rehan Ahmed, Eng. Zahwa Al Kuwari and Mr. Baraa Abdulla.

The seminar was attended by over 100 professionals and engineers. Chief Guest was Eng. Zahwa Al Kuwari, Director,

Environmental Assessment & Planning Directorate, Public Commission.

Technical Seminars Technical Seminars

Activities Associate Societies42

WORLD ENVIRONMENT DAY 2011

The United Nations Environment Program through United Nations Country team in association with Bahrain Society of Engineers and the Institution of Engineers Pakistan-Bahrain Chapter celebrated the World Environment Day (WED) on 5th June 2011 at Bahrain Society of Engineers Auditorium in Juffair.

The theme for WED 2011 is ‘Forests- Nature at Your Service’. The year 2011 has already been declared by the United Nations as the International Year of Forests. Eng. Rehan Ahmed, Head of Waste Disposal Unit, Directorate of Environmental Control, Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife, Bahrain who is also the Chairman of the Institution of Engineers, Pakistan- Bahrain Chapter spoke on ‘the World Environment Day and Our

Environmental Commitments’.

Eng. Abdul Majeed Al Gassab, President Bahrain Society of Engineers also spoke on the occasion. The Chief Guest was Dr. Adel Khalifa Al Zayani, Director General of the General Directorate of Environment and Wildlife, Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and Wildlife, Bahrain. Dr. Habib El Habr of UNEP read the message of Mr. Ban Ki Moon, Secretary General of the United NationsThe Organizers have also arranged an environmental short essay competition amongst the senior school students.

The winners of Task-A which is brief essay on five priorities to improve the environmental conditions in the Kingdom of Bahrain.

First Prize: Vilphy Baby from New Indian schoolSecond Prize: Sara Eliana Kuriakose from New Millennium school Third Prize: Ahmed Abdul Majeed from Pakistan schoolConsolation Prize: Diamond yap Melendres from Sacred Heart school.

The winners of Task-B that is brief essay on five simple/ routine actions that can improve the environment in the Kingdom of Bahrain.First Prize: Pragathi Vijay from Asian school Second Prize: Anwesha Barik from New Millennium schoolThird Prize: Atirah Menon Jayachandran from Indian schoolConsolation Prize: Anopa Sunarajan from Sacred Heart school.

From left Ms. Hend Al Bucheri, Mr. Nejib Freiji, Eng. Rehan Ahmed, Dr. Adel Al Zayani, Dr. Habib Al Habr and Mr. Saleem Rajab with the winners of essay competition.

Technical Seminars

44 45Building World Class OrganizationBuilding World Class Organization

World Class Organization. The word itself is thrilling. World class could mean different things to different people. It could be best technology, best in systems and procedures, best in products or services. With every thing else remaining the same, it is people who make the ultimate difference in organizations.There are certain basic traits of a world class organization or in other words if these traits are observed then there are fair chances that an organization could be categorized in the category of world class organization.Here below only few principal traits are covered.Throw the incrermentalist mindset awayThe first and foremost prerequisite for building world class organization is to believe that we can be ‘World Class’. There are certain organizations which could be outstanding, but do not have faith that they can reach world class standards. They are quite satisfied with their present performance. This belief has to be done away with. World class organizations have

a collective belief in themselves and in their organization’s infinite potential.There is another belief prevalent particularly in Indian organizations that every thing happens slowly and incrementally. One should not jerk them around .One has to keep patience. Things simply do not happen that fast. This belief has to be first kept aside. In today’s economy, a determined Management can transform a company much more quickly and effectively as compared which was possible in past. An example supporting the above statement:Dhirubhai of Reliance Industries, India put up a plant of Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF) 100,000 M.T. because only at that scale would plant be globally competitive in terms of cost and quality whereas the market survey projected a demand of only 2,000 M.T. Basically he believed that India is a huge country with a big potential demand. Reliance Industries is a classic example of world class performance.

1.World class company requires world class peopleWorld class companies understand that ultimate factor for growth is not markets or technology or competition or products. It is one thing above all others: The ability to get and keep enough of the right people.Hire great people and then make sure that the truly effective people climb up the Management ladder up as fast as possible. Jack Welch, GE Chairman spends more time on people issues than on other issues. He remains busy, studying the talents, consulting with his top executives, all with the goal of promoting the best people and making sure that they are suitably rewarded.What Infosys Foundation, India looks for is excellent, consistent academic track record, public schooling in English, sharp dressing, good debating skills and club ability. Narayana Murthy of Infosys, India values honesty, transparency, modesty and the highest ethical standards.

2. Right people are your greatest asset: We have CRM’s how about PRM’s (People Relationship Management)There is no point in having HR policies, if there is no time to enquire about the well being of your colleague who has not been to office for past quite some time.

3. Reward your best peopleRewarding your employees – that is what it is all about. The most important thing Jack Welch, GE Chairman did as a leader is to align the kind of rewards with the kind of behavior he want. He made basically following three types of categories of Managers:Type A: Outstanding Performers- The ones who deliver on commitment-Financial or otherwise –and shares GE’s values.Keep them. Promote them. Reward them.Type B: Getting along-Misses financial commitments but shares GE’s value system.Nurture them in the hope that they may become A’s.Type C: Weak Performers-Does not meet financial commitments nor do they share GE’s value systems.Dismiss them. Get rid of them as quickly as possible. Don’t waste any time on trying to turn them into B’s or A’s.

5. Knowledge SharingKnowledge management is a key issue in today’s corporations. We have a lot knowledge lying around but untapped. So, how to tap knowledge and put them into use.Best practices lead to agreement on mediocrity. Because all of us benchmark each other; we gravitate toward mediocrity

in a hurry. What we really need to ask is “What is the next practice?” so that we can become benchmark companies and benchmark institutions around the world.At Kao Corporation, Japan, no one owns an idea. They are to be shared in order to enhance their values and achieve enlightenment in order to the right decision.

Democratization of knowledge

Kao Corporation is an educational institution in which every one is a potential teacher.The most innovative ideas in FMCG products come from Kao Corporation.

6. Ideas-The heart of organizationsInnovation is the key to success. To take global leadership, firms must innovate. Innovation forces Managers to focus their attention on ideas and talents, not on capital or physical assets.At Pepsi Co., each participant of training session personally coached by CEO is required to bring with him or a real project that is required to bring with him or her real project that has the potential to dramatically affect Pepsi Co’s revenue, quality, costs, or customer satisfaction. All projects are then discussed and the participants thereafter go back to their jobs and implement their projects.

7. Building organizationsWorld class organizations constantly challenge their status quo and look around to see they are doing the right thing or if those right things can be done even smartly.In an organization we can

broadly categorize the Managers in the following four categories:Procrastinators: These Managers neither have the energy nor the ability to stay focused on goals.Disengaged Managers: These Managers are disciplined, high focused but lack energy.Distracted Managers: These Managers have high energy but low focus. They have lots of ideas. They start many things but don’t finish.Purposeful action takers: These Managers have the drive and the ability to stay focused on few important goals.

8. Leaders at all levelsThe ultimate test of success for an organization is not whether it can win today but whether it can keep winning tomorrow and the day after, which requires winning leaders. The key ability of winning organization is to create leaders at all levels. The organizations that consistently are world class, the GE’s, the Intel’s of the world, don’t just have one strong leader, or just a few at the top. They have many strong leaders and they have them at all levels of the organization.We have an excellent Indian example is Dhirubhai Ambani of India who started as one man army but went on to build a business house headed by professional managers at all levels.The core competence of world class organizations is the ability to continuously and creatively destroy and remake themselves to meet customer demands. Everyone in the organization must take responsibility for taking responsive actions. It means that a company needs leadership everywhere in the organization.

Eng. Rajiv Kapoor

BUILDING WORLD CLASS ORGANIZATIONS Building World Class Organizations

46 47Building World Class OrganizationPakistan’s Ambassador’s visit to BSE

9. World class companies have strong values. They speak with words and actions.The leaders of world class organizations don’t just talk but also walk the talk.There is an incident that once a young Management trainee barely few months old in Hindustan Lever Limited sent an e-mail to Chairman. During his induction he was told about HLL’s open and non-hierarchical work culture. So he was trying to find out that why some tables in the canteen over there were reserved. Shortly he got the message that Chairman wanted to meet him in the canteen.Not only was the reserved sign removed but trainee and the Chairman at the same table had lunch together.

10. World- class organization maintains business integrity and good will.In a sales catalogue made by a store, an error was made on the price of a Sony CD player. The regular price of $ 199 was to be discounted to S179 but $99 appeared in the print. There were many customers waiting for opening of the store.It sold all the players in stock for $99.In addition it booked orders for another 4000 unit sat $99.Altogether 5000 units were sold at a loss of $40 per unit below cost. The total loss amounted to $ 200,000. 11. Passionate PerformanceThe employees of world class organizations are highly passionate about their work; they would go any length to provide world class performance.Entrepreneurial talent is attracted where resources are low and enthusiasm is high.

When resources are high and enthusiasm is low, innovation becomes hard to find. Satisfied employers do not mean anything. Excitement is what creates energy and innovation.

12. World class organization has great ambience.World class organizations have great workplaces. It must be a place where everyone seems to want to work, not have to work. It takes care of all employee needs from entertainment and sport till worship. It is not just about offering perks and facilities; it is about challenging work, early responsibilities and freedom to work.

13. World class organization is boundary lessWhen Jack Welch took over as Chairman at GE, he noticed that boundaries existed within Management where Senior Managers would never think of talking to anyone except their immediate direct reports. He understood that communication is the key to improving relationships between employees and with customers. He coined the term boundary less to break down barriers and become the most productive company in the world.Few of the following could be introduced to make the organization boundary less:• Invite customers to share

their problems with you openly and honestly.

• Call a meeting of people from different functional departments in your business to tackle thorny problem.

• Eliminate forms that require multiple approvals, instead empower someone close to work to make the decision.

• Host a meeting with your top customers; ask them to rate your company on the quality of your products and the speed with which you deliver them.

• Competitiveness favours

those who spot new trends and act on them expeditiously. Therefore managers must develop insights about new opportunities by amplifying weak signals. These weak signals emerge from insights derived through a deep understanding and interpretation of a wide variety of information.

• People want to win and be a part of the wining team. It is the responsibility of the top management to establish a sense of purpose, to identify challenges and make every employee understand his/her role in the final victo ry.

14.World class organization has a consistent visionThe ability to create a sense of purpose an exciting goal that people can relate to, as well as a set of values that people find satisfying –is a common element in any world class organization but just articulating an overall mission is not enough; a Management must also put in enormous efforts to bring that sense of mission down to the level of each employee.

The recently appointed Pakistan’s Ambassador to Bahrain Jauhar Saleem was invited to meet the BSE President and Board of Directors by The Bahrain Representative of Association of Consulting Engineers Pakistan Rizwan Mumtaz who is also the founding convener of Institution of Engineers Pakistan-Bahrain Chapter (IEPBC).

His Excellency was received at the BSE Headquarters by President A. Majeed Al Gassab and Board members. Also present were prominent engineers, including IEPBC Chairman Qamar ul Hassan, of the Pakistani community in Bahrain. A bouquet was also presented to the Ambassador by the BSE President and was taken for a tour of the Headquarter facilities.

“We have a long and fruitful relationship with BSE” stated Mr. Mumtaz, during his introductory

speech on the occasion. “The BSE values the contribution of Pakistani Engineers in the Kingdom and would like to have more technical delegations exchange, with Pakistan through the support of the embassy, in future” stated Mr. Al Gassab during his welcome speech. “I am pleased to see that the

excellent bilateral relationship between our two brotherly Muslim countries is amply reflected in the relationship between the engineering fraternities of BAHRAIN and Pakistan”, stated H.E. Mr. Saleem assuring the embassy’s support for future technical collaborations.

PAKISTAN’S AMBASSADOR’S VISIT TO BSEBuilding World Class Organizations

48 49Ramadan Ghabga with Engineering flavor Ramadan Ghabga with Engineering flavor

Bahrain Society of Engineers in cooperation with Jordanian Engineers Association- Bahrain Chapter and Institute of Electrical & Technology (IET)- Bahrain have met at BSE Headquarters for the annual Ramadan Ghabga organized to consolidate the ties among family members. In addition to the atmosphere of Ramadan, which dominated the Ghabga, the Organizing Committee arranged several entertainment and cultural programs, which have reflected the extent of collaboration, in addition to the programs of traditional art has seen significant to the audience who showed their admiration.

Ramadan Ghabga with Engineering flavor Ramadan Ghabga With Engineering Flavor

ALMOHANDIS’ CALENDAR

October 2011 January 2012

November 2011 February 2012

Conference October 23-26, 20111st Middle process engineering

conference & Exibition 2011

Venue: Gulf International Convention Center

Gulf Hotel, Kingdom of Bahrain

Conference January 9-11, 2012International Road Federation (IRF)



Conference October 28-30, 2011The 15th Gulf Engineering Forum

Venue: Gulf Internationa l Convention Center


Conference October 28-30, 20117th Gulf Engineering Union Award in

Egineering Excellence & Creativity



Conference February 12-15, 201114th Middle East Corrosion Conference

& Exhibition



9 -11 January 2012October 23-26, 2011Gulf International Convention Center,


Towards Technological Excellence and Innovative Solutions

Under the patronage ofH.E. Dr. Abdul Hussain Bin Ali MirzaMinister of EnergyKingdom of Bahrain

PLENARY SPEAKERS

Saudi Arabian Section of American Institute of Chemical Engineers(SAS - AIChE)

www.mepec.org

Dr. Maria BurkaPresidentAmerican Institute of Chemical Engineers, USA

Dr. Rajeev GautamPresident & ChiefExecutive OfficerUOP

Mr. Mohammed A. Al-OmairVice-PresidentRefining and NGLFractionation, Saudi Arabia

Mr. Christian DuprazExecutive Vice PresidentMarketing & Technology & Tech. Assistance, Axens

Prof. David WoodChairmanWorld ChemicalEngineering Council

Mr. John RoyalPresident & CEOGulf Publishing Company

Mr. Khaled Abu-NasrahPresidentKBR Middle East

Dr. Douglas MuzykaSenior Vice President and Chief Science & TechnologyOfficer, Dupont

DanielM. McCarthyPresidentLummus Technology,a CBI Company

Dr. Vikas DholeVice PresidentEngineering Product ManagementAspenTech

Mr. Gasem Al-ShaikhChief Executive OfficerPCMC

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Mr. Mosaed Al-OhaliExecutive Vice President, Manufacturing, SABICKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mr. Salim Al-AydhSenior Vice President Engineering & Project Management, Saudi AramcoKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Middle East Process EngineeringConference & Exhibition 2011

2011

April 2012

October 2012

June 2012

December 2012

May 2012

Conference January 9-11, 2012International Road Federation (IRF)



Conference

June 4-16, 2012

Energy & Water Conservation

Venue: Bahrain International

Exhibition Center

Conference October 16-19, 2012People, Technology & processess for

eGoverment success

Venue: Bahrain International Exhibition Center

Conference October 17-19, 2012Tapping into the true potential of IT

Venue: Bahrain International Exhibition Center

Conference

December 2 - 5, 2012

Maintcon - A Journey Towards

Excellence

Venue: Gulf International

Convention Center


Conference October 7-10, 20126th Middle East Nondestructure Testing



contentmohandis...eng. a.majeed al-gassab content president ... eng. juhani virola ... eng. al-hermi...

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