module 2: wto accession – multilateral negotiations · module 2: wto accession – multilateral...

Module 2: WTO Accession – Multilateral Negotiations|

Module 2: WTO Accession –Multilateral Negotiations

Dimitar Bratanov, Accessions Division, WTO


Accession Process


Multilateral Negotiations


Memorandum, questions and replies

First Working Party meeting

Further questions and replies and other

documents

Further Working Party meetings

Factual Summary

Draft Working Party Report, with a draft decision and a draft Accession Protocol annexed to it

PlurilateralNegotiations

Plurilateral meetings on Domestic Support and

export subsidies in agriculture

Plurilateral meetings on other issues as necessary

Bilateral Negotiations

Bilateral contacts

Initial offers

Bilateral meeting with interested members to negotiate tariff bindings

Revision of offers and further negotiations

Bilateral agreements

signed

Draft Goods and Services Schedules

Technical Verification meeting on Draft Goods and Services Schedules



Aim of multilateral negotiations:i. Understand the applicant’s foreign trade regime; and,ii. establish the terms of entry to the WTO, ensuring the conformity of the

applicant’s laws and practices with WTO rules and disciplines.What is the difference between the Memorandum, Factual Summary and draft WP Report ?

i) FS: distills discussions in WP based on the Q&R process (drafted by Secretariat)ii) Draft Report: discussions in WP + draft commitments to be agreed between the

acceding government and Working Party members.What are commitment paragraphs?Commitment paragraphs contain the terms of entry of an Acceding Government tothe WTO … ”the Working Party took note of this/these commitment(s)”


Multilateral NegotiationsDifferent types of commitment paragraphs: obligations to abide by existing WTO rules, sometimes specifying national measures to be

amended in order to be brought into conformity with WTO provisions, or sometimes elaborating on the WTO provisions relating to the subject in question

commitments not to have recourse to specific WTO provisions, e.g. those relating to transition

specific identification of transition periods that may be used

authorisations to depart temporarily from WTO rules or from commitments in the Goods Schedule

obligations to abide by terms defined by the commitment paragraph (and not contained in WTO Multilateral Agreements). This may relate to obligations to comply with "other international obligations", privatisation, sub-central governments and time-frame for accession to Plurilateral Trade Agreements

statements of fact rather than actual commitments.


Number of Commitments undertaken by Article XII Members

22 27 1824 29 22 24

29 29 29 26 27 28 28

168

65

39

24 25 29

5970

29

63

2635 37

163

30 26

4028

40

118

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Ecua

dor '

96

Bulg

aria

'96

Mon

golia

'97

Pana

ma

'97

Kyrg

yz R

epub

lic '9

8

Latv

ia '9

9

Esto

nia

'99

Jord

an '0

0

Geo

rgia

'00

Alba

nia

'00

Om

an '0

0

Croa

tia '0

0

Lith

uani

a '0

1

Mol

dova

, Rep

blic

of '

01

Chin

a '0

1

Chin

ese

Taip

ei '0

2

Arm

enia

, Rep

ublic

of '

03

FYR

Mac

edon

ia '0

3

Nep

al '0

4

Cam

bodi

a '0

4

Saud

i Ara

bia

'05

Viet

Nam

'07

Tong

a '0

7

Ukr

aine

'08

Cabo

Ver

de '0

8

Mon

tene

gro

'12

Sam

oa '1

2

Russ

ian

Fede

ratio

n '1

2

Vanu

atu

'12

Lao

Peop

le's

Dem

ocra

tic '1

3

Tajik

istan

'13

Yem

en '1

4

Seyc

helle

s '15

Kaza

khst

an '1

5

Libe

ria '1

6

Copyright © WTO Secretariat



Structure of the Draft Working Party Report

Part 2: Economic policies

Part 3: Framework for making

and enforcing policies

Part 4: Policies affecting trade

in goods

Part 5: Trade related

intellectual property regime

Part 6: Policies

affecting trade in services

Part 7: Transparency

Part 8: Trade agreements



Accessions document symbols

• WT/ACC/… series: Working Party documents containing factual information.

• WT/ACC/SPEC…series: Working Party documents relating to the negotiations onrules (e.g., draft Working Party Reports), negotiations on market access for goodsand services (e.g., market access offers), and the negotiations and discussions onagricultural support and export subsidies (e.g., agriculture Supporting Tables).

• JOB/ACC…series: informal documents or non-papers (e.g. Factual Summary ofPoints Raised) and documents which relate to the activities of an accessionWorking Party, but have not been requested by the Working Party (e.g.statements, Chairpersons' reports).

• WTO/AIR/ACC…series: airgrams (i.e. convening notices for formal meetings)

All documents are available through the accession webpage https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/acc_e.htm

Legislation submitted by acceding governments also found on the accession webpage



Agenda of Working Party meetings

• (i) review of the state of play in the bilateral market access negotiations (after thesubmission of initial market access offers);

• (ii) examination of the applicant's foreign trade regime / draft Report;

• (iii) review of legislative developments on the basis of a legislative action plan; and

• (iv) next steps in the work of the Working Party.



Frequency of Commitments in Multilateral Rules

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Mon

etar

y an

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Spec

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arr

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ts, i

ncl.…

Tran

sitio

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ct-s

peci

fic…

Rese

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by

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mem

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Tran

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echa

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's w

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asPr

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, cou

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Accession Commitments Database (ACDB)

• Accession Commitments Database (ACDB) provides userfriendly access to all accession commitments and relatedinformation contained in the Working Party Reports andAccession Protocols of Members that have acceded to theWorld Trade Organization, pursuant to Article XII of theMarrakesh Agreement Establishing the World TradeOrganization.

• To view all the commitments undertaken by all Article XIIMembers, please visit the http://acdb.wto.org


End of Module 2!

Question!What is your take-away from this module?


Module 3: WTO Accession – OutcomesDimitar Bratanov, Accessions Division,

WTO


Accession ResultsCoverage: 98% of World Trade

Art. XII Members17.0%

Original Members81.4%

Acceding Governments

1.5%

Rest of the World0.1%

2016


Map of WTO Members and Observers


ACCESSION PACKAGE

• Decision• Protocol1

• Report of the Working Party2• Schedule of Concessions and

Commitments on Goods3• Schedule of Specific

Commitments on Services4

36

Accession Package of the Russian Federation


Accession Package Volume

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800Accession Package Volume (Page Number)

Decision Protocol Accession Working Party Report Goods Schedule (Addendum 1) Services Schedule (Addendum 2)

19,889 Pages in Total



Number of Commitments undertaken by Article XII Members

22 27 1824 29 22 24

29 29 29 26 27 28 28

168

65

39

24 25 29

5970

29

63

2635 37

163

30 26

4028

40

118

40

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Ecua

dor '

96

Bulg

aria

'96

Mon

golia

'97

Pana

ma

'97

Kyrg

yz R

epub

lic '9

8

Latv

ia '9

9

Esto

nia

'99

Jord

an '0

0

Geo

rgia

'00

Alba

nia

'00

Om

an '0

0

Croa

tia '0

0

Lith

uani

a '0

1

Mol

dova

, Rep

blic

of '

01

Chin

a '0

1

Chin

ese

Taip

ei '0

2

Arm

enia

, Rep

ublic

of '

03

FYR

Mac

edon

ia '0

3

Nep

al '0

4

Cam

bodi

a '0

4

Saud

i Ara

bia

'05

Viet

Nam

'07

Tong

a '0

7

Ukr

aine

'08

Cabo

Ver

de '0

8

Mon

tene

gro

'12

Sam

oa '1

2

Russ

ian

Fede

ratio

n '1

2

Vanu

atu

'12

Lao

Peop

le's

Dem

ocra

tic '1

3

Tajik

istan

'13

Yem

en '1

4

Seyc

helle

s '15

Kaza

khst

an '1

5

Libe

ria '1

6



Accessions Results - Goods

7

14

100

10

45

74

11

23

99.9

12

65

54

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

MFN applied rate Final bound rate Binding coverage

Aver

age

in p

erce

ntag

e

Art XII Original Members LDCs Art XII LDCs Original Members


Accessions Results - Services



-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

China Acceding Governments AverageArticle XII Members (excluding LDCs) Average WorldArticle XII LDC Members Average


Accession Results: Annual GDP Growth Rate


Accession Results: Trade Performance

Evolution of World Trade in nominal value by membership status



Accession Results:Trade Growth

9.7%

2.6%

5.8%

1.4%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

1995-2016 2010-2016

Trade, average annual growth rate

Article XII Members World



WTO Accessions, Structural Reforms & Export Diversification



Accession & the Business Environment

• Sample of 12 Article XII Members: 2004-14

• World Bank “Doing Business” Distance to Frontier (DTF) scores for 10 indicators (e.g. Starting a Business)

• Consistent improvement across sampled members

Average DTF Changes for a Member


Chart1

During AcessionDuring AcessionDuring Acession

After AccessionAfter AccessionAfter Accession

2004-20142004-20142004-2014

Improved

Unchanged

Declined

Indicators

5.33

2.42

1.33

6.45

2.27

1.27

7

1.67

1.33

Sheet1

ImprovedUnchangedDeclined

During Acession5.332.421.33

After Accession6.452.271.27

2004-201471.671.33

To resize chart data range, drag lower right corner of range.


Domestic Reforms and Growth

Members acceded pursuant to Article XII have: • Faster trade and GDP growth • More resilience in crises • Increased competitiveness and export diversification• Greater attractiveness to FDI

LDC graduation Cabo Verde (December 2007) Samoa (January 2014)Vanuatu (recommended for 2020)


End of Module 3!

Question!

What is your take-away from this module?

Module 2: WTO Accession – �Multilateral NegotiationsAccession ProcessMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsNumber of Commitments �undertaken by Article XII MembersMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral NegotiationsMultilateral Negotiations Multilateral Negotiations End of Module 2! Module 3: WTO Accession – OutcomesAccession Results�Coverage: 98% of World TradeMap of WTO Members and Observers�ACCESSION PACKAGEAccession Package VolumeNumber of Commitments �undertaken by Article XII MembersAccessions Results - GoodsAccessions Results - ServicesSlide Number 41Accession Results: �Trade PerformanceAccession Results:�Trade GrowthWTO Accessions, Structural Reforms �& Export DiversificationAccession & the Business �EnvironmentDomestic Reforms and GrowthEnd of Module 3!

module 2: wto accession – multilateral negotiations · module 2: wto accession – multilateral...

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