modern review
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Modern Review. Crystal Palace Joseph Paxton Great Exhibition of 1851 Industrial Revolution Cast iron skeleton Glass walls Prefabrication. Eiffel Tower Gustave Eiffel 1889 Paris Exhibition. Michel-Eugene Chevreul. Seurat Pointillism or Divisionism Optical Mixing - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Modern Review
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• Crystal Palace
• Joseph Paxton
• Great Exhibition of 1851
• Industrial Revolution– Cast iron
skeleton – Glass walls– Prefabrication
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Eiffel Tower
Gustave Eiffel
1889 Paris Exhibition
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Michel-Eugene Chevreul
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A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
• Seurat• Pointillism
or Divisionism
• Optical Mixing
• Middle Class people/life
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• Gaugin
• Flat planes of color
• Colors can represent ideas/emotions (ex. Red as struggle…)
• Left his kids & wife and moved around (including to TAHITI)
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Where do we come from? What are we? Where are we going?
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• Van Gogh
• Color=
emotion
(ex. Yellow = friendship & hope)
• Swirling brushstrokes
• 10 year career
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• Cezanne• Underlying
structure• Multiple
viewpoints• Still lifes• Mount
Saint Victoire
• Color patches
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Symbolism• Don’t imitate nature – create
free INTERPRETATIONS of it
• Inner Vision
• Fantasy world
• Technique individual to each artist
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Redon
The Cyclops
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• Rousseau
The Sleeping Gypsy
• “naïve painter”–Lacked
training
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Gustave
MoreauJupiter and
Semele
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• Munch
• Norway• Forerunner
of the Expressionists
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• Carpeaux
(1827-1875)
• Count Ugolino and His Children
• More polished (like Neo-Classical)
• Vivid reality
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• Rodin(1840-1917)• Walking Man• “unfinished” style (like impressionists!)
- roughly textured surface
• Inner feeling expressed through the body
• The Thinker, The Kiss, The Burghers of Calais, Balzac
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• Louis Sullivan• “Father of the
Prairie School Movement”
• Form follows function
• Birth of Modern Architecture
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H.H. Richardson
(Sullivan’s
Predecessor)
Trinity Church, Boston
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• Richard Morris Hunt
• Served the aristocracy
• Renaissance & Baroque influences
• The Breakers – for Cornelius Vanderbilt II (railroad king)– Looks like a 16th
century palazzo
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• Frank Lloyd Wright
• Falling Water
• Bear Run, PA • 1934-37• Blend in with
the natural site• Contrast in
textures• CANTILEVER
construction
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Art Nouveau•1890-1914
•Natural Forms
•Organic Forms
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The Peacock Skirt
Aubrey Beardsley
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Victor Horta
Staircase in the Van Eetvelde House
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Tassel House
Brussels
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Antonio Gaudi – Casa Mila - 1905
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Gustave Klimt
The Kiss
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• Matisse
• Fauvism• Non-
representational color
• Based on artist’s feeling
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Andre Derain
The Dance
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• Picasso
• Blue Period (1901-1904)
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• Picasso
• Rose Period
(1905-1906)
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Gertrude Stein
Influence of Iberian Sculpture
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Picasso’s Les Demoiselles d’Avignon (1906)
Landmark painting that would lead to Cubism
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Picasso’s Guernica (1937)• Event from Spanish Civil War in which Fascists
bombed innocent civilians• Outraged Picasso painted it for Spanish section
of Paris International Exposition of 1937
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• Georges Braque
• The Portuguese
• 1911
• Analytic Cubism
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• Synthetic Cubism
* Picasso* Still-Life with Chair-
Caning* 1912
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Cubist Sculpture
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Picasso – Guitar 1912
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Archipenko – Woman Combing
her Hair 1915
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Julio GonzalezWoman
Combing her Hair
1930-33
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Futurism•1909-1916
•Motion & speed
•Lines of force
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Giacomo Balla – Dynamics of a Dog on a Leash
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Dynamism of a Soccer Player - Boccioni
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• Russian Constructivism
• 1913-32
• Soviet Art
• Tatlin• Monument
to the Third International
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• Precisionism• 1915-1930• Simplified
Forms• Border
between representation & abstraction
• Charles Sheeler
• River Rouge Plant
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Charles Demuth
My Egypt
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Georgia O’Keeffe
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YOU’RE INVITED!
WHAT: The Armory Show
WHO: Impressionists, Post-Impressionists, Fauves, Cubists
WHEN: Feb. 1913
WHERE: National Guard Armory, Lexington Street, New York City
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Duchamp
Nude Descending a Staircase
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• Expressionism
• The Bridge – Die Brucke (1905-1913)
• Large & simple forms
• Clear (often jarring) colors
• Brutal angularity
• Ernst Ludwig KIRCHNER
• Street, Dresden
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Emil Nolde
Saint Mary
of Egypt
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• The Blue Rider – Der Blaue Reiter
• 1911-1914• Colors are
less jarring than The Bridge
• Spirituality• Reaction
against society
• Franz Marc• Fate of the
Animals
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Improvisation No. 28
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• Dadaism• Protested the
madness of WWI
• “Everything that comes into being is art.”
• Jean Arp• Collage
Arranged According to the Laws of Chance
• 1916-17
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DUCHAMP – Ready - made
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The Bride Stripped
Bare by her Bachelors
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• Postwar German Expressionism
• Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
• Disillusioned by war - Wanted his paintings to “reproach God for his errors”
• Night
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Surrealism• Blurs real world with fantasy
• Biomorphic = largley abstract (Miro)
• Naturalistic = recognizable scenes that metamorph. Into a dream or nightmare image (Dali, Magritte)
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Giorgio De Chirico
(1888 – 1978)
Melancholy and
Mystery of a Street
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Max ErnstTwo
Children Are
Threatened by a
Nightengale
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Renee Magritte The Treachery of Images
1928-29
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Frida Kahlo
Two Fridas1939
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• Joan Miro
• Painting 1933
• Biomorphic Surrealism
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Maret Oppenheim - Luncheon in Fur
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• Mondrian
• Composition in Red, Blue, and Yellow
• De Stijl– created works that
did not show recognizable images or infer depth
– Achieve “honesty” in artwork
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• International Style– Transcended
national boundaries
– Absence of exterior decoration
• Rietveld – the Schroeder House
• 1923-24
• De Stijl
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• Walter Gropius – Beginning of International Style• The Shop Block• Bauhaus Dessau - • Bauhaus School of Design
– Founded 1919– Architecture should avoid all romantic embellishments
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• Mies van der Rohe
• Model for a glass skyscraper
• 1922
• “Less is more.”
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Villa Savoy
Designed by Le Corbusier
InternationalStyle
“The house is a machine for living.” – Le Corbusier
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Notre Dame du Haut (1950-1955)
Le Corbusier
This is a church.
Abandoned International Style
Replaced a French pilgrimage church destroyed in WWII
More organic – resembles folded hands or a dove
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• Brancusi
(1876-1957)
• Romanian Artist
• “essence of things”
• Bird in Space (1928)
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• Organic Sculpture
• Henry Moore
• Reclining Figure 1939
• Use of negative space – holes going through solids – also known as “voids”
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Barbara Hepworth
Hole or void as the abstract element
Organic vitality
Oval Sculpture No. 2 1943
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Abstract Expressionism• Late 1940s, Early 1950s
• New York City now center of avant-garde art
• “Action Painting”
• No reference to visual reality
• Image result of the creative process
• Gestural Abstraction (Pollock)
• Chromatic Abstraction (Rothko)
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• Arshile Gorky
• Water of the Flowery Mill
• Armenian
• Biomorphic shapes (Miro)
• Glowing colors (Kandinsky)
• Impassioned act of painting
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• Jackson Pollock
• Lavender Mist, 1950 (Number 1, 1950)
• Gestural Abstraction
• No foreground, no background, no depth
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• Williem de Kooning
• Woman I
• Gestural Abstraction
• Furious energy
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• Chromatic Abstraction
• Color Field
• Interest in the relation between one color and another
• Mark Rothko
• No. 14, 1960
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• Barnett Newman
• Vir Heroicus Sublimus (1950-51)
• Evocative power of color
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• Helen Frankenthaler
• Bay Side 1967
• Color Stain
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Morris Louis Saraband
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• Hard Edge– Do NOT
convey feeling of passion
– Precise and cool
• Josef Albers
• Homage to the Square “Ascending”
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• Frank Stella
• Mas o Menos (1964)
• pinstripes
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Ellsworth Kelly - Red Blue Green
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Pop Art• Early 1960s
• United States (leaders)
• Images drawn from popular culture
• Average person can understand it
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• Richard Hamilton
• “Father of British Pop Art”
• Just What is it That Makes Today’s Homes so Different, so Appealing?
• Collage
• 1956
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• Jasper Johns
• Flag
• Familiar Objects
• encaustic
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• Roy Lichtenstein
• Hopeless
• Comic strips
• Benday Dots
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Andy Warhol – Marilyn Diptych
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• Robert Rauschenberg
• Canyon (1959)
• combines
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Alexander Calder - Mobiles
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David Smith – the Cubis
Becca Cubi XVIII 1964
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Minimalism• United States - 1960s & 70s• Get rid of things people
USED to think were ESSENTIAL to art
• Extreme simplicity, typically large, geometric shapes
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Donald Judd
untitled 1969
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Tony Smith Die 1962
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Maya Lin
Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Minimalism
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Claes OldenburgPop Sculpture
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• Superrealism
• Duane Hanson
• Supermarket Shopper 1970
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Duane Hanson, Tourists II
• Super realist sculpture
• Commentary on American life
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Chuck Close
Big Self-portrait 1967-68 Self-portrait 1997
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Audrey Flack
Marilyn (vanitas)
1977
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Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty• Earth Art or Environmental Art (1960s-1970s)
• Site-specific – its design reflects the surroundings, it has its meaning in its location
• Art does not have to be in a museum
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Nancy Holt’s Sun Tunnels (large concrete pipes with holes)
• 1970s environmentalism
• Site-specific
• Has a dialogue with the surrounding
• Like a modern Stonehenge
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Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc
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Christo and Jeanne-Claude
• Site-specific art
• Wrapping projects
• Last project – The Gates in Central Park (2004)
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Postmodern Architecture
•Varied
•Interesting
•Complex
•EclecticThe AT&T Building Philip Johnson (1984)
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Michael Graves – The Portland Public Services Building(1980-82)
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The Pompidou CenterPiano & Rodgers
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Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain