COMMUNICATION MODELS AND COMMUNICATION MODELS AND THEIR ROLESTHEIR ROLES

CONTENTS

IntroductionSender- Receiver ModelAristotle ModelAristotle’s Proof ModelSchramm’s ModelTransactional ModelBerlo’s ModelShannon-weaver’s ModelEcological Model

No man is

an island,

entire of it

self

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Communication, comes from the Latin communis, Communication, comes from the Latin communis,

"common." When we communicate, we are trying to "common." When we communicate, we are trying to establish a "commonness" with someone. That is, we are establish a "commonness" with someone. That is, we are trying to share information, an idea or an attitude.trying to share information, an idea or an attitude.

"Communications is the mechanism through which "Communications is the mechanism through which human relations exist and develop." human relations exist and develop."

This presentation will show you the most recognized and This presentation will show you the most recognized and accepted models of communication and how they work.accepted models of communication and how they work.

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THE SENDER RECEIVER THE SENDER RECEIVER MODELMODEL

Receiver

Feedback

Noise

Understand

Decoding

ReceptionMessage transmission

SenderEncodingThought

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THE COMMUNICATION PROCESSTHE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

EncodingEncoding The sender generates and encodes thoughts to The sender generates and encodes thoughts to

be conveyed .be conveyed . Noises from outside may disturb the encoding, Noises from outside may disturb the encoding,

which may alter the meaning.which may alter the meaning.

Transmission:Transmission: The encoded message gets transmitted to the The encoded message gets transmitted to the

receiver.receiver. Receiving and Decoding:Receiving and Decoding:

• The receiver accepts the messages.The receiver accepts the messages.• (S)He then assigns meaning to the message and (S)He then assigns meaning to the message and

sends feedback to the sender.sends feedback to the sender.

ROLE OF MODELROLE OF MODEL

Exchange ideas, feelings and valuesExchange ideas, feelings and values

It gives relevant informationIt gives relevant information

We learn to communicateWe learn to communicate

Create understandingCreate understanding

ARISTOTLE MODEL OF ARISTOTLE MODEL OF COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

Aristotle model was speaker-centered model.Aristotle model was speaker-centered model.

Aristotle called the study of communication Aristotle called the study of communication “Rhetoric”.“Rhetoric”.

Rhetoric communication falls into three divisions:Rhetoric communication falls into three divisions:

1. Ethos- The nature or qualities of communicator.1. Ethos- The nature or qualities of communicator.

2. Logos- The nature, structure and content of the 2. Logos- The nature, structure and content of the message.message.

3. Pathos- The nature, feelings and thoughts of the 3. Pathos- The nature, feelings and thoughts of the receiver or audiencereceiver or audience..

ROLE OF ARISTOTLE ROLE OF ARISTOTLE COMMUNICATION MODELCOMMUNICATION MODEL

Provided an explanation of Oral Communication.Provided an explanation of Oral Communication.

Recognize the importance of audience at the end Recognize the importance of audience at the end of communication chain.of communication chain.

This model helped in developing public This model helped in developing public relationships.relationships.

ARISTOTLE’S PROOF ARISTOTLE’S PROOF MODEL OF MODEL OF

COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

FEATURES OF THE MODELFEATURES OF THE MODEL{ given by kinneavy}{ given by kinneavy}

Artistic proofsArtistic proofs

1. LOGOS - 1. LOGOS - Inheres in the content itself.Inheres in the content itself.

2. ETHOS - 2. ETHOS - Inheres in the speaker.Inheres in the speaker.

3. PATHOS3. PATHOS - Inheres in the audience - Inheres in the audience..

Inartistic proofsInartistic proofs

Facts ,oaths ,documents and constitution etc.Facts ,oaths ,documents and constitution etc.

SENDER: encodes the messages

RECEIVER: decodes the message

Feedback from receiver to sender.

Better the overlapping between two field of experience better the communication takes place

ROLE OF INTERACTIONAL MODEL

It introduced feedback between between sender and receiver

Provided “field of experience”

Explained that communication is reciprocal, two way process.

ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL ROLE OF TRANSACTIONAL MODELMODEL

Provides symmetrical interfaces for Provides symmetrical interfaces for creation and consumption of creation and consumption of messagesmessages

Interpersonal modelInterpersonal model

People are communicators who create People are communicators who create and consumer messagesand consumer messages

Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model Of Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model Of CommunicationCommunication

This Berlo’s model of communication This Berlo’s model of communication was developed by David Berlo was developed by David Berlo (1960)(1960)

It is the simplest and most influential It is the simplest and most influential message-centered model of that message-centered model of that time. time.

It is essentially an adaptation of the It is essentially an adaptation of the Shannon-Weaver model.Shannon-Weaver model.

This model consists of following This model consists of following elements :elements :

Source Source MessageMessage ChannelChannel ReceiverReceiver

Assumptions of Berlo’s ModelAssumptions of Berlo’s Model

– There has to be a balance between the There has to be a balance between the source and the receiver if we want the source and the receiver if we want the communication process to be efficient.communication process to be efficient.

The balance exists in the following:The balance exists in the following:

– Communication skillsCommunication skills– KnowledgeKnowledge– Social systemSocial system– CultureCulture– AttitudeAttitude

ROLEROLE

The idea of “source” was flexible enough to The idea of “source” was flexible enough to include oral, written, electronic, or any include oral, written, electronic, or any other kind of “symbolic” generator-of-other kind of “symbolic” generator-of-messages. messages.

““Message” was made the central element, Message” was made the central element, stressing the transmission of ideas.stressing the transmission of ideas.

The model recognized that receivers were The model recognized that receivers were

important to communication, for they were important to communication, for they were the targets. the targets.

ROLE

Instrumental model

Most common model used in low-level communication contexts

Solves technical problem of how accurately transmission can occur

Reflects a commonsense understanding of what communication is?

ECOLOGICAL MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

SIMPLIFIEDSIMPLIFIED VIEWVIEW

All communication is mediated

Mediated by (1)the message, (2)the languages that the message is encoded in, and (3)the media

Creator and Consumer

Communication is instantiated in messages

Messages are instantiated using languageand media

Communication is instantiated using languages and media

Cont…Cont…

Learn language and media

Create (e.g. invent and evolve) languagesand media

Languages are instantiated using media

Consumption of messages allows perceptionsand relationships with creators

Initiating an integrated communicationInitiating an integrated communication

A field can be remade by altering the organizational formatA field can be remade by altering the organizational format

Invent and evolve languageInvent and evolve language

Learn how to create messages through the act of consuming Learn how to create messages through the act of consuming other people messagesother people messages

Creation and maintenance of relationships we have with othersCreation and maintenance of relationships we have with others

ROLE OF ECOLOGICAL MODELROLE OF ECOLOGICAL MODEL

GROUP MEMBERS:

1.NISHI

2.BHAWANA

3.LOVELY

4.ANKIT

5.APARNA

6.ATUL

7.GAGAN

8.SANKET

9.DEBASHISH

10. INDU