mobile radio networkshome.deib.polimi.it/capone/wn/5g_seminar_ericsson.pdf · 2018-06-04 ·...

Mobile Radio NetworksProf. Capone

The architecture evolution to meet the 5G requirements

MELA 2018/6/05

5g

Pietro Volpe: Ericsson Senior Technology Consultant

2018-02-21

1

PRESENTER

Pietro Volpe, Senior Technology consultant , Ericsson Milan

With Ericsson Italy since 1998Currently working with radio evolution 5G, IoT, RAN virtualizationFor long period followed RNC product, than transport aspect and NTW dimensioning

[email protected]

2018-02-21

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Agenda

Introduction, the Use Cases and One architecture concept

The Radio protocols and their architectural roles

5G Architecture options

Basic radio interface principles

2018-02-21

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Towards the Networked Society

The foundation of mobile telephony

The NetworkedSocietyThe foundation of

mobile broadband

Mobile telephonyfor everyone

The evolution of mobile broadband

~1980 ~2020~2000~1990 ~2010 ~2015

Voice-centric Mobile broadband

• Define use case • Analyze requirements • Define technology

• Define technology framework • Find a use case

In general terms 5G is the new use cases (or refreshed old ones) that can be carried over any suitable network.

2018-02-21

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Mobile TechnologiesCoexistence and continuous growth

2G 3G 4G 5G

New business models

Traditional business models

VR

8K

AR

4KVR

— Platform for innovation

— Continuous business growth

2018-02-21

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It is all about Use case evolution

Screens everywhere

Immersive experience

8K

AR

4KVR

On demand information

Autonomous control

Connected doctors and patients

Remote operations

Process automation

Cloud robotics and remote control

Metering and smart grid

Machine intelligence and real-time control

Manufacturing

Healthcare

Energy & Utilities

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Automotive

AI

New toolsVR

Real-time information vehicle to vehicle

Monitoring and medication e-care

Flow management and remote supervision

Resource management and automation

2018-02-21

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Use case evolution with supporting technologies

Multi-standard networkCat-M1/NB-IoTCloud optimized functionsVNF orchestration

Gigabit LTE (TDD, FDD, LAA)Massive MIMO Network Slicing Dynamic service orchestrationPredictive analytics

5G NRVirtualized RAN Federated network slicingDistributed CloudReal time machine learning/AI

Screens everywhere

Immersive experience

8K

AR

4KVR

On demand information

Autonomous control

Technologies

Connected doctors and patients

Remote operations

Process automation

Cloud robotics and remote control

Metering and smart grid

Machine intelligence and real-time control

Manufacturing

Healthcare

Energy & Utilities

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Automotive

AI

New toolsVR

Real-time information vehicle to vehicle

Monitoring and medication e-care

Flow management and remote supervision

Resource management and automation

On the road to 5G 5G experienceCurrent

2018-02-21

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Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

5G Technology use case adoption

2015 2020 2025 2030

FixedWireless

Pre-5G mmW

5G NSA Sub-6GHz

Limited & Regional

5G Sub-6GHz

1st 5G Wave

eMBB, 4K Video, µMTC Automation

VR/AR

5G Mobile mmW

2nd 5G Wave

8K Video, Autonomous Car

5G Massive IoT

Pre-6G

Dell’Oro forecast

2018-02-21

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BROADBAND and mediaEVERYWHERE

Smart vehicles and transport

critical Controlof remote devices

5G use cases

Sensor networks

Live TV at scale

Events platform

On-demand anything

Autonomous vehicles

Connected bus-stops

Connected trucks

Connected cars

Immersive augmented

reality

Immersive gaming

Surveillance

Agriculture & Environment

Smart buildings &

Cities

Consumers & Utilities

Remote control of

heavy machinery

Real-time process control

Factory automation

Public Safety

Mission critical

utilities: Energy active

grid

Mission critical

utilities: Water active

gridRemote surgery

Smart houses

Smart shipping/post

Commercial in confidence, © Ericsson AB 2017

Human machine interaction

critical services and infrastructure CONTROL

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5G use cases

BROADBAND and mediaEVERYWHERE

Smart vehicles and transport

critical Controlof remote devices

critical services and infrastructure CONTROL

Sensor networks

Increased data rates

20/10 GbpsDL/UL

Extend usage of high bands

3xspectral

efficiency

Ultra short latencies

< 1ms


< 1 ms

Increased capacity

Ultra reliable“five nines”

Increased data rates

20/10 GbpsDL/UL

1 million connections

per km2

Increased capacity

Increased energy

efficiency

100 x1 million connections

per km2

Increased energy

efficiency

5 x



< 1ms


Commercial in confidence, © Ericsson AB 2017

Human machine interaction

2018-02-21

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LOW COST, LOW ENERGYSMALL DATA VOLUMES

MASSIVE NUMBERS

ULTRA RELIABLEVERY LOW LATENCY

VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY

Critical MTC

TRAFFIC SAFETY & CONTROL

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION & CONTROL

REMOTEMANUFACTURING,

TRAINING, SURGERY

Massive MTC

CAPILLARY NETWORKS

LOGISTICS, TRACKING AND FLEET MANAGEMENT

SMARTAGRICULTURE

SMART METER

Enhanced Broadband

Smartphones

4k/8k UHD, Broadcasting, VR/AR,

Home, Enterprise, Venues, Mobile/Wireless/Fixed

SIM less devices

eMBB

mMTC URLLC

5G – classes of use cases

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5G RAN Requirements (38.913)

Performance Measure RequirementPeak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps]

Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz]

Spectrum Scalability Yes

Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020

Bandwidth Scalability Yes

Control plane latency [10 ms]

UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms]

UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms]

Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet

Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms]

Mobility Up to 500 km/h

Inter-system mobility Yes

Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]

Performance Measure RequirementUe Battery life 10-15 years

UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)

Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement

Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]

TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]

User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]

User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]

Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI

eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL

IoT Coverage MCL [164dB]

Support of wide range of services Yes

Important for FWA & eMBB• DL Peak data rate, CP/UP eMBB latency, etc

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5G RAN Requirements (38.913)

Performance Measure RequirementPeak data rate DL: [20 Gbps] UL: [10 Gbps]

Peak spectral efficiency DL: [30 bps/Hz] UL: [15 bps/Hz]

Spectrum Scalability Yes

Bandwidth Reference to IMT-2020

Bandwidth Scalability Yes

Control plane latency [10 ms]

UP latency URLLC, one-way [0,5 ms]

UP latency eMBB, one way [4ms]

Latency for infrequent small packets 10s / 20byte packet

Mobility interruption time (intra-syst.) [0 ms]

Mobility Up to 500 km/h

Inter-system mobility Yes

Reliability [1-10-5] in [1ms]

Performance Measure RequirementUe Battery life 10-15 years

UE energy efficiency Inspection (Qualitative)

Cell/Tx Point/TRP sp. Eff. 3xIMT-A requirement

Area traffic capacity 10Mbps/m2 [ITU]

TRP spectral efficiency [3x IMT-A requirement]

User experienced data rate 100/50 Mbps DL/UL [ITU]

User sp. eff. at 5% percentile [3x cell edge IMT-A requirement]

Connection density [1,000,000 devices/Km2]

NW energy efficiency Qualitative & Quantitative KPI

eMBB Extreme coverage 140/143 dB loss MaxCL

IoT Coverage MCL [164dB]

Support of wide range of services Yes

Important for future IOT

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5G in Europe— In the Doc 2016/588 on 14 September, EU indicate the need of 5G deployment as a strategic

opportunity for Europe— The followings target points were defined:

— Encourage experimentation from 2017 in agreement with 5G-PPP— Encourage all the member States to develop a national 5G plan for broadband connection— Be sure that every Member State will have at least 1 major city enabled to 5G before the end of

2020

— On 16th March 2017, the Italian Ministry of Economical Progress defined the ACTION PLAN in order to be compliant to EU asking for candidate projects to cover the cities: Area metropolitana di Milano, Prato e L’Aquila, Bari and Matera

http://www.mise.gov.it/images/stories/documenti/Avviso_pubblico_16_marzo_2017_-_Sperimentazione_5G.pdf

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MISE Projects

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Network Layout

Core network

Interconnect

Internet

Radio Accessnetwork

RAN2

RAN3

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Multi radio integration

Core NW

Core NW

UMTS LTE

Looser Integration(used today)

tight Integration(LTE and NR)

Core NW

LTE NR

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One ArchitectureMultiple Industries

Access/Mobility Service Provider Core

Devices/IoT EnterpriseIT/Cloud

Transport

Management & Control

Service Provider IT Cloud

Applications

Cloud Infrastructure

Access

Mobile

Fixed

January 2018

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Slice concept

Access/Mobility Service Provider Core

Devices/IoT EnterpriseIT/Cloud

Transport

Management & Control

Service Provider IT Cloud

Applications

Cloud Infrastructure

Access

Mobile

Fixed

10-100XEnd-user Data Rates

5X or 10X e2eLower Latency

10-100XConnected Devices

10yearsBattery Life

1000XMobile Data Volumes

5G

January 2018

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Network slicing example

MBB LocalSwitching PrimaryAggregationAccessAggregationRadio-base

Station SiteAntennaLocation

Fro

nth

aul

HSSOSS

eNB PDNGW

Backhaul

MME PCRF

SGW

eNB

OSS

HSS

MME

PCRF

SGW PDNGW

Massive MTC

LocalSwitching PrimaryAggregationAccessAggregationRadio-base


Fro

nth

aul

HSSOSS

eNBSGW/PGW

Backhaul

MMEMME

SGW/PGW

HSS

OSS

MissionCriticalMTC

LocalSwitching PrimaryAggregationAccessAggregationRadio-base


Fro

nth

aul

HSSOSSMME PCRF

eNB SGW/PGW

BackhaulHSS

OSS

PCRF

SGW/PGW

MME

January 2018

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5G is not only radio

• 3GPP 5G system architecture is service based:• Communication of entities within 3GPP Core Network• Entity are not box anymore but logical entity that can be created

on the fly• They communicate among them with APIs (RESTful)• API paradigm for communication with external service provider

and internal communication among nodes

21

© Ericsson AB 2018

LZU1082528 R1B

NEW RAN Architecture3GPP 38.912

› Logical nodes in new RAN:– gNBs providing the NR U-plane

and C-plane protocol terminations towards the UE; and/or

– LTE eNBs providing the E-UTRA U-plane and C-plane protocol terminations towards the UE.

› Logical nodes in New RAN are interconnected with each other by means of the Xn and towards NGC by means of the NG interface

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5G Options

There are two options for Radio and Core

Radio access options: LTE, NR

Core network options: EPC, NGCN

NR: “5G New Radio” / “NR Radio Access” / “Next Generation Radio”NGCN: “Next Generation Core Network” a.k.a. “5GC”: 5G Core Network

5G Enabled Core(vEPC)

5G Core(NGCN)

LTE NR

© Ericsson AB 2018

LZU1082528 R1B 23

Agenda





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How to increase the throughputDL direction example

eNodeB Radio channel

MAC

RLC

PDCP

MAC

RLC

PDCP

Parallel TCP flow

PHY PHY

MIMO

Synchronous layers

Real Time

Asynchronous layers

Non real time

Split

Aggregate

Dual Connectivity Intelligent Connectivity

Carrier Aggregation

Comp

OFDMA

eNodeB

MAC

RLCPDCP

PHY

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Coordination: a necessity for performance improvement

Coordination technics are the way that pair protocol entities to:— Handling mobility (Handover)— Traffic Management— SON— Carrier aggregation— Combined cell…….

These techniques can be applied to different radio protocol stack level; better gain are obtained when techniques are applied to lower levels. Lower the layer techniques Lower the timer for peer entity to talk

PHY

RLC

RRC

PDCP

MAC

PHY

RLC

RRC

PDCP

MAC

Coordination

Synchronous layers (*)Radio Scheduler 1ms time based coordination

Asynchronous layersTraffic management(event based) or Dual Connectivity

(*) Any technique applied on Synchronous level requires phase NTW synchronization

Carrier Aggregation,Comp, Combined Cell

FunctionalitiesDual-connectivity, X2 ICIC, ANR, RRC re-establishment, Reduced HO oscillation, Load balancing

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LTE Data processing

Structure of data processing

The fundamental design choice for LTE was NOT to propagate any bit errors to higher layers protocol stack, but rather to drop and retransmit the entire data unit as soon as possible.For this reason lower layer protocols implement ARQ mechanisms

2018-02-21

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5G Data processing

Concatenation moved from RLC to MAC!

RLC segmentationComplete PDCP PDUs can be delivered out-of-order from RLC to PDCP after RLC SDUs are reassembled

PDCP reordering is always enabled if in order delivery to layers above PDCP is required

Duplication of PDCP PDU is supported for control and user planes in case of multi-connectivity

A new AS sublayer (SDAP) is introduced over PDCP for QoSscheme supported by 5GC

QoS Flows

DRBs

RLC channels

Logical channels

Transport channels

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HARQ Principle (legacy LTE) Example of eight Parallel Hybrid ARQ Processes, synchronous HARQ

Receiver processing

Receiver processing

Receiver processingReceiver processingReceiver processing

ACK

Receiver processingReceiver processing

ACK

Receiver processing

ACK

TrBlk 2

Receiver processing

TrBlk 1

ACK

Receiver processing

7

TrBlk 7

6

TrBlk 6

5 9

TrBlk 5 TrBlk 8TrBlk 4 TrBlk 0

3

TrBlk 3

2

TrBlk 2

1

TrBlk 1

1 subframe

TrBlk 0

0 4 8

Hybrid ARQ processes

ACKACKACK

Demultiplexed into logical channels and forwarded to RLC for reordering

Receiver processing

Fixed timing relation ~3 slots

TrBlk 4

NAK

TrBlk 3

ACK ACK

TrBlk 5 TrBlk 7TrBlk 6 TrBlk 0 TrBlk 8

Transmitter processing

Fixed timing relation

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LTE vs 5G MAC HARQ

In LTE :– Multiple (8) parallel processes are defined to allow

transmission continuously while waiting for HARQ feedback

– A scheme of Synchronous ACK/NACK is defined and a positive or negative ACK of each transmission as to be received within 4 subframes

In NR:– Avoid strict timing relations – use asynchronous

HARQ– PDCP reordering

– Optionally Super-fast HARQ

HARQ Entity:Each UE has one HARQ entity, including a number of parallel processes

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DL vs UL HARQ (LTE)

DL HARQ— Asynchronous protocol: no fixed timing relationship between the time an Ack/Nack is

received from the UE and the time when the next transmission/retransmission take place— Synchronous Ack/Nack: a fixed timing relationship (n+4) between the time at which the DL

packet is received and the time when the Ack/Nack from UE is sent

UL HARQ— Synchronous protocol transmission/retransmisson occurs at predefined time after the initial

transmission (n+8)— Synchronous Ack/Nack: a fixed timing relationship (n+4) between the time at which the UL

packet is transmitted and the time when the Ack/Nack from eNB is sent

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Delay budget (LTE)eNB

UL L1

MAC (HARQ)

UL DL

RLCDelay budget <8ms

Radio Unit

UL DL

CPRI 5µs/km

DL L1

UE

DL L1

MAC (HARQ)

DL UL

RLC

UL L1

RadioDL

RadioUL

In sequence delivery

Ack/Nack

User Traffic

Ue Processing 4ms

8 , ,

, <4ms

Air IF 3.3 µs/km (one Way)

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Coordination Levels

Non-Ideal CoMP

Non-Ideal CA

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

Load Balancing

Dual Connectivity

UL CoMP

CA + DL CoMP

Synchronous layersReal Time

Asynchronous layersNon real time

2018-02-21

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Coordination Levels

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

Non-Ideal CoMP

Non-Ideal CA

Load Balancing

Dual Connectivity

UL CoMP

CA + DL CoMP

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Distributed RAN

— Flat architecture

— Relaxed backhaul

— Tight inter-eNb coordination

or Loose X2 coordination

L3L2L1

L3L2L1

L3L2L1

X2

X2

S1

S1

S1

PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

RF

S1IP transport

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Centralized RAN

— Common baseband site

— CPRI fronthaul

— Optimal coordination

L3L2L1

S1 PHY

MAC

RLC

PDCP

RF

FronthaulEthernet

S1IP transport

eCPRI

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Virtual RANA Part of Ericsson Cloud RAN

— Split architecture

— Centralized & distributed

— Flexible function allocation

— Good transport between

L2 high-L2 low

— Optimal for NX-LTE dual connectivity

L2 lowL1

S1L3

L2 high

X2

L3L2 high

S1

L2 lowL1

L2 lowL1

PDCP

PHY

MAC

RLC

RF

IP transport

S1

2018-02-21

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Coordination Levels: Focus on upper layers

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PDCP

Non-Ideal CoMP

Non-Ideal CA

Load Balancing

Dual Connectivity

UL CoMP

CA + DL CoMP

Trombone effect

2017-07-17

38

H3G Project Chariot

© Ericsson AB 2017

PDCP


PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRC

Dual Connectivity

PDCP

Non-Ideal CoMP

Non-Ideal CA

Load Balancing

UL CoMP

CA + DL CoMP

2017-07-17

39

H3G Project Chariot

© Ericsson AB 2017


PHY

MAC

RLC

PHY

MAC

RLC

RRCRRC

PDCPPDCP

Load Balancing Dual Connectivity*

Non-Ideal CoMP

Non-Ideal CA

UL CoMP

CA + DL CoMP

*It is a coordination technique applicable between two different technologies

2017-07-17

40

H3G Project Chariot

© Ericsson AB 2017

LTE Distributed NW AS IS Network

BaseBand

MME

HSS

4G

BaseBand

4G

BaseBand

4G

EPG

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

2017-05-22

41

Ericsson Cloud RAN Overview

LTE Centralization AS IS Network

BaseBand

MME

HSS

4G

BaseBand

4G

BaseBand

4G

EPG

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

C-RANCoordination

2017-05-22

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V-RAN INTRODUCTION (ONLY LTE)

BaseBand

MME

HSS

4G

BaseBand

4G

BaseBand

4G

EPG

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

Cloud Platform

Cloud platform Introduction

Move upper protocol layer (SW) from the Baseband to the Cloud

2017-05-22

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Opportunity for a FULL virtualization

BaseBand

MME

HSS

4G

BaseBand

4G

BaseBand

4G

EPG

L2sL1

L2a L3

L2sL1

L2sL1

Cloud Platform

2017-05-22

44


3GPP function split optionsTS 38.801 CU-DU Split

RRC PDCP-CP HIGH-RLC LOW-RLC HIGH-MAC LOW-MAC HIGH-PHY LOW-PHY RF

PDCP-UP

RRC PDCP-CP HIGH-RLC LOW-RLC HIGH-MAC LOW-MAC HIGH-PHY LOW-PHY RF

PDCP-UP

Option 1

Option 2

Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Option 8

Option 7

Higher Layer Lower Layer

Distributed HARQRelaxed latency req.

Centralized HARQTight latency req.

January 2018

45

3GPP TR 38.806 (R15)Study of separation of NR CP and UP for split option 2

A gNB may consist of a CU-CP, multiple CU-UPs and multiple DUs;The CU-CP/UP is connected to the DU through the F1-C/F1-U interfaces;The CU-UP is connected to the CU-CP through the E1 interface;One DU is connected to only one CU-CP;One DU can be connected to multiple CU-UPs under the control of the same CU-CP;

January 2018

46

CP-UP separation scenarios

Scenario 1: CU-CP and CU-UP centralized Scenario 2:CU-CP distributed and CU-UP centralized

Scenario 3: CU-CP centralize and CU-UP distributed

January 2018

47

V-RAN for Network Asymmetry

Core

NTW

eNB

4G

gNB

5GL2a L3L2sL1

L2a L3L2sL1

Trombone effect ONLY if 4G and 5G are not Collocated

Parallel flows

Dual Connectivity

Distributed architecture

eNB

4G

gNB

5G

L2a L3

L2sL1

L2sL1

Cloud Platform

V-RAN architecture

Parallel flows

Core

NTW

Solving the Trombone effectONLY if 4G and 5G are not Collocated

Slide UUID: 89f649c6-4c2b-11e7-b114-b2f933d5fe66

Picture updated: 2017-05-23Updated by: Michael EnglundNotes updated:Updated by:

2017-05-22

48


5G architectures

5G Enabled Core(vEPC)

5G Core(NGCN)

RAN

NSA(RAN splitLTE anchor)

Control plane over

LTE

SA

Data switch/agg.

LTE/NR

Control plane over

NR

Data switch/agg.

LTE/NR

DataCtrl

RAN

Tight interworking with LTEEvolved CN Fastest TTM

“Independent” overlay Totally new CN architecture Highest performance potential

January 2018

49

Agenda





2018-02-21

50


Vehicle communication needsExample

A vehicle needs to communicate…

…with other vehicles

…and the rest of the world

…with roadside infrastructure, e.g.toll booths

Slice 1MBB

…with pedestrians

Slice 2MTC

Predictive maintenance

…with Vendor

…with mechanic

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Application

SessionMgmt

User Plane

N12

N11

N7 N5

N4

N3

N2

N1

N6

User Plane

N9

Tentative architecturep2p reference representation

Potential benefits: NR standalone (SA) mode

Multi-slice UE, single UE simultaneously connecting to multiple services over multiple slices with optimized access and mobility signaling

Improved QoS concept

Simultaneous access to local and centralized networks within the same data connection

Mobility on Demand concept

Preparing for non-3GPP access integration

N13

AuthenticationFunction

SubscriberrData Mgmt

N8 N10

Access & Mobility

N14

PolicyController

N15

5G NG CORE Architecture

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5G CORE architecture overview

MMES1-MME

S1-U

S11

HSS PCRF

Gx

S6a

SGi

After CUPS

SGWCP

PGWCP

SGW UP

PGWUP

S1-MME

S1-U S5

S11

HSS PCRF

Gx

S6a

PGWSGW

EPC today

MME

SGi

Mapping the EPC functions to new 5G CN functions

N3 N6

N7

N4

UPF

SMF

PCFAUSF

NG11

UDMN13

N8N12 N10

AMF

N15

Access & Mobility management

Function (AMF)

MME

User Plane Function (UPF)

SGW UP

PGW UP

Policy Control Function (PCF)

PCRF

Session Management

Function (SMF)

SGWCP

PGWCPMME

Authentication Server Function (AUSF) and User Data Management (UDM)

HSS/AAA

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EPC+NextGen

Core

LTE NR NRLTE LTE NR

OPTION 3

OPTION 2

OPTION 4

• Current architecture• Supported in 3GPP• Not supported in 3GPP

Multiple architecture options

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3GPP scenarios

EPC

Option 1

5GCN

Option 2

LTE NR

Option 3/3A/3X

NR

EPC

LTE

CP+UPeNB eNBgNB

gNB

Option 4/4A

NR

5GCN

LTE

CP+UPeNB

gNB

5GCN

Option 5

LTEeNB

EPC

Option 6

NRgNB

Option 7/7A

NR

5GCN

LTE

UP

CP+UPeNB

gNB

Option 8/8A

NR

EPC

LTE

CP+UPeNB

gNB

2018-02-21

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4G & 5G interworking

Ag

gre

gat

ion

5G3.5 GHz

TDD

Beamforming

4G 0.8 GHz FDDCapacity gain

Minimal downlink user throughput for 95% of users (Mbps)

Userexperiencegain

LTE low band5G NR high bandLTE + 5G NR

300

0 5000Traffic per area (bps/m2)

LTE with 5G Plug-in 5G NRInterworking

2018-02-21

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NSA RAN Options 3, 3a, “3x”3GPP TS38.801

PDCP

RLC

PDCP

RLC

MAC

LTE eNB

RLC

MAC

gNB

X2”

Voicebearer

Default bearer

LTE NR

MME S-GW

5G enabled CN

X2”-U/C

RAN Option 3a

LTE NR

MME S-GW

5G enabled CN

X2”-U/C

RAN Option 3

LTE NR

MME S-GW

5G enabled CN

X2”-U/C

RAN Option “3x”

PDCP

RLC

MAC

LTE eNB

PDCP

RLC

MAC

gNB

Default bearer

PDCP

RLC

Voicebearer

PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC

LTE eNB

RLC

MAC

gNB

X2”PDCP

Voicebearer

Default bearer

Core NW SwitchPoint

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Voice and data in EN-DCExample based on Option 3x for data service

— LTE DevCat-0 standard VoLTE— Voice/video media and SIP signaling on the

IMS APN is mapped to LTE voice bearer

DevCat-0

S1

LTE 800

MME

NAS-0

Ue-2016

CP

UP

SGW

S1-U

EPC

Voice

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— EN-DC prepared DevCat-1 — Voice/video media and SIP signaling on the

IMS APN is mapped to LTE voice bearer— Data traffic on the Internet APN is mapped

to SCG split bearer. SgNB (NR) decides on splitting the traffic over LTE and/or NR

— EN-DC requires 2 Tx in UE to have simultaneous UL/DL on both RATs

LTE 800

NR 3.5eX2

DevCat-1

CP

UP

eEPC

eS1

Option 3x

Voice

eS1-U

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— EN-DC prepared DevCat-1 — Voice/video media and SIP signaling on the

IMS APN is mapped to LTE voice bearer— Data traffic on the Internet APN is mapped

to SCG split bearer. SgNB (NR) decides on splitting the traffic over LTE and/or NR

— EN-DC requires 2 Tx in UE to have simultaneous UL/DL on both RATs

LTE 800

NR 3.5eX2

DevCat-1

CP

UP

eS1

Voice

eS1-U

eEPC

Option 3x

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Agenda





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NR Technology Areas- Flexible and Scalable Design

Access/backhaulintegration

Multi-site connectivity

Integrated D2D

Massive multi-antenna transmission

System control

System plane

Ultra-Lean Design

Data

Flexible PHY

Machine-type communication

Flexible and scalable design

Spectrum

Deployment Use cases1

GHz3

GHz10

GHz30

GHz100 GHz

4G

Extension to higher frequencies

5G

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5G Global Spectrum

1 GHz 30 GHz

Low Band Mid Band High Band

entuentu

?

600/700 MHz 3.1–4.2 GHz 4.4–4.99 GHz 26/28 GHz 38/42 GHz

3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 20 GHz 100 GHz

~2020 2018-2019 >2020

1 GHz

3 GHz 10 GHz100 GHz

Mainly TDD Spectrum

Mainly FDD Spectrum

30 GHz

mmWcmW

Ma

rke

ts

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Mm-wave Challenges

Efficiency, dynamic range, output power, …

(Less of an issue for small cells)

Diffraction Outdoor-to-indoorpenetration

Rain/atmosphericattenuation

Body loss

Additional Tx powerlimitations above 6 GHz

Propagation

Regulation Implementation

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Antenna consideration

— Antenna is evolving and question how to design such systems in terms of Number of radiating elements needed, how to stack these elements, what features to use to exploit them

— A list of feature that are typically analyzed when increasing the number of antenna elements are:— Cell specific beamforming— Ue specific beamforming— Sectorization— Single user spatial multiplexing— Multi user MIMO

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Why beamforming

— Higher frequency has an higher path loss that reduce the coverage area

Traditional antenna for LTE coverage Same bit rate experience

100% area

x% area

High Band

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Beamforming concept

Same bit rate experience

100% area

High Band

UEUE

UE

Add a antenna elements to guarantee cell coverage Steering the beam the coverage area can be guaranteed The system capacity also increases when BF is used by enabling high spatial resolution multi-

layer transmissions.

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Examples of array sizes

128 TX/RX

0.32 m

1.3 m

4.5 GHz, λ = 0.067 m

28 GHz, λ = 0.01 m 60 GHz,

λ = 0.005 m0.2 m

0.05 m

0.1 m

0.025 m6.7

tim

es

half

128 TX/RX

0.32 m

1.3 m

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OFDMA implementation (LTE)

Xo *

X1 *

X2 *

F1

F2

F0

IDFT

Xo

X1

X2

2048 samples @20MHz

Average

OFDMA has an high PAPR=Peak/Average that creates an high power consumption schemaPAPR is proportional to the square number of subcarrier

Symbol

+

Peak

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Cyclic prefix

IDFT

X1X2

First Symbol, Carrier 1Second Symbol, Carrier 1

Copied to reduce the ISI effects

4.7 us

66.7 us

The cyclic prefix avoid the generation of high frequency component due to consecutive symbol value change and consequently reduce the ISI effect

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Numerology in 5G

Normal CP / L freq. Opt. CP / L freq. / L latency Small CP / H freq. / L latency Extended CP

Subcarrier BW 15 kHz 30 kHz (2x15 kHz) 60 kHz (4x15 kHz) (n 15kHz, 1,2,4)

SF duration 500 µs 250 µs 125 µs 500/n µs

OFDM symbol, duration 66.67 µs 33.33 µs 16.67 µs 66.67/n µs

CP, duration 4.76 µs 2.38 µs 1.19 µs 16.67/n µs

OFDM symbol incl. CP 71.43 µs 35.71 µs 17.86 µs 83.33/n µs

15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz

DL vs. UL numerologySupport different numerology for DL & UL, at least for FDD

Higher-spectrum DL combined with lower-spectrum ULUL in LTE spectrum requires 15 kHz numerology

Different slot length for DL & ULWill impact e.g. HARQ timing

DL (60 kHz)

UL (15 kHz)

DL slot

UL slotEx:

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Forward compatibility

— Minimize “always-on” transmissions— Bad examples: Always-on CRS— Good example: LTE MBSFN subframe

— Keep transmissions together— Bad example: LTE PDCCH/PCFICH/PHICH— Good example: ePDCCH

— Avoid static/strict timing relations— Bad example: LTE uplink HARQ— Good example: HARQ for LAA

— Reserved resources

Possibility to extend the radio-access technology with new capabilities and new technology components with retained support for legacy devices

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Ultra-Lean Design

Minimize network transmissions not directly related to user-data delivery Baseline: resources are treated as undefined unless explicitly indicated otherwise Reference signal transmissions and measurements are scheduled (i.e. DM-RS instead of CRS)

Ultra-lean

• No ”always-on” refeference signals

• Minimum amount of ”always-broadcast ”system information

• ...

Today

• Reference signals• Broadcast” system information• ...

› Future-proof design, energy efficiency, interference minimization

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Self-contained transmissions

› All information needed to detect and decode a transmission contained within the transmission itself – Scheduling assignments– Reference signals for demodulation

Joint beam-forming of data and all associated transmissions

› All information needed to detect and decode a transmission located at head of slot

Enables low-latency detection/decoding

Data (PDSCH)

Control

Reference signals for demodulation

One slot

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— Maximum Coupling Loss is the maximum loss that a system can tolerate in order to correctly decode the data

— It is the difference between the Ptx and received sensitivity

Coupling vs path loss

Thermal Noise

Rx Noise Figure

Required SNR

Required SensitivityRx Antenna Gain

Tx Power

Tx Antenna Gain

EIRP

Coupling LossPath Loss

RSRP

RS

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