mixing methods & questioning foundations: exploring the relation between design & theory
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Mixing Methods & Questioning Foundations: Exploring the Relation between Design & Theory. Kevin L. Ladd. 18 May 2010. Conference on Faith and Health Syddansk Universitet , Odense, Danmark. Beginnings. Roots in philosophy & theology. Wide conversations. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Mixing Methods & Questioning Foundations:Exploring the Relation between Design & Theory
Kevin L. Ladd18 May 2010
Conference on Faith and Health
Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Danmark
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
BeginningsRoots in philosophy & theology
Wide conversations
The life of philosophy is necessarily the life of leisure.
Broad concern for multiple levels of knowledge
individual, societal, beyond
general principles & specific experiences
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
A Lab DividedEmphasis moves toward “science”
Dividing notions of logical & magical
Growth of medicine / decline of theology
Psychology adopts the separation
“physics envy”“losing its mind”
Dividing notions of quantitative & qualitative
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Entrenchment“TRUE” “HARD” science
Captures funding
Why bother with soft, quantitative approaches?
individualized (no mass market application)time consuming
too:
lengthy for print publication
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Results?Techniques become statementsExperiment = New Queen of Science
top down dissemination
driven via theory (individualized origins)
also specialized knowledge (design, analysis)
highly specialized knowledge (gnosis)
Survey = generalized findings
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
And the lowly other…
Interviews
bottom up origin (subversive)
applicable to solitary individual
emphasizing single voice
open content in understandable language
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Even worse than interviews!Non-verbal data (e.g. Rasa painting)
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Why didn’t qualitative crawl away & die?Challenges to authority
Experimental logic under fire
Confidence intervalsNull hypothesis testing
Is theory possible AT ALL in psychology?Point predictions
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
The Soft Fights BackCreative muses
Dissatisfaction with inexorable “tail chasing”
Violent
Excessive caveats
Not predictable
Articles looking similar
More noise than signal
Real Paradigm Challenge
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Cautions:Status Quo rarely embraces change
“methodological chauvinism”
Necessity of constant protocol revisionLess formal control
On both sides!
Intrapersonal costs
More chance of “stuckness”Necessity of honest collaboration
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An Example in Prayer Research:A typically intentional
attemptto establish or maintaina sense of connectivity
with the self,with the surrounding physical world,
or with the perceived supraphysical world.
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
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Physical Aspects
Embodied Cognition
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Movement Mental
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Physical AspectsMental & Movement: Mannequins
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
How do people perceive
spirituality in others via
bodily cues and do the perceptions align with
bodily experience?
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Physical AspectsMental: Visual
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
How do people literally see the
world in reference to their
spirituality?
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Physical AspectsMovement: Labyrinths
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
To what extent does
physical movement influence spiritual
experience?
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Issues of Physical Context:
1. Body at rest
2. Body in motion
Free form
Simple
Structured
Complex
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Experimental Approach
Avoid reductionism
Emphasize individual experience
N = 14372% female82% White
Mean age = 50 yrs
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Tests:1. Differences in minutes spent in activity?
Yes.
Labyrinth Ribbon Free Walk Seated02468
1012141618
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Tests:2. Differences in reported engagement of prayer
Yes.
Systematically lower amounts of prayer during conditions
(compared to self-reported typical).
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Tests:3. Differences in content?
No.
Consistent between self-reported typical & post condition.
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Tests:4. Differences in pre / post condition emotions?
Yes.
Main effects of emotional state:Higher positive Lower negative
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Tests:5. Differences in post-condition interviews?
Yes.
Longest interviews from labyrinth participants.
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Labyrinth Summary
Duration was present, but not important:More not necessarily better, contra intercessory studies
People prayed in personally consistent ways:Good, non-invasive experimental realism
Labyrinth power?Unique demarcation of space engenders enthusiastic practice
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18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
Overall SummaryWhy quantitative first?
Most quick
Qualitative not “secondary”Equally important because of both content & physical reactions
Qualitative analyses not just “clarifying”Provide critical insight into personal level of experience
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Acknowledgement
This work supported in part by grant # 12282 from the John Templeton Foundation.
18 May 2010Mixed Methods, Design, & Theory
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Mixing Methods & Questioning Foundations:Exploring the Relation between Design & Theory
Kevin L. Ladd18 May 2010
Conference on Faith and Health
Syddansk Universitet, Odense, Danmark