mit artigo

7/29/2019 Mit Artigo

1/7

38 ||| 1556-6072/07/$25.002007IEEE IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2007

WiTricityThe Wireless Power Transfer

Javier GozalvezSenior EditorMOBILERADIO

Research and Technology

Ateam from MITs Department of

Physics, Department of Electrical

Engineering and Computer Science,

and Institute for Soldier Nanotech-nologies (ISN) has experimentally

demonstrated wireless power trans-

fer. The team was able to light a 60 W

light bulb from a power source seven

feet (more than two meters) away;

there was no physical connection

between the source and the appli-

ance. The MIT team refers to its con-

cept as WiTricity (as in wireless

electricity). WiTricity is based on

using coupled resonant objects. Two

resonant objects of the same reso-

nant frequency tend to exchangeenergy efficiently, while interacting

weakly with extraneous off-resonant

objects. The team explored a system

of two electromagnetic resonators

coupled mostly through their mag-

netic fields; they were able to identify

the strongly coupled regime in this

system, even when the distance

between them was several times larg-

er than the sizes of the resonant

objects. This way, efficient power

transfer was enabled. The investi-

gated design consists of two coppercoils, each a self-resonant system.

One of the coils, attached to the

power source, is the sending unit.

Instead of irradiating the environ-

ment with electromagnetic waves, it

fills the space around it with a non-

radiative magnetic field oscillating at

MHz frequencies. The non-radiative

field mediates the power exchange

with the other coil (the receiving

unit), which is specially designed to

resonate with the field. The resonantnature of the process ensures the

strong interaction between the send-

ing unit and the receiving unit, while

the interaction with the rest of the

environment is weak.

In a lab test, Nokia Siemens Net-

works showcased how a Virtual Mul-

tiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

method that can be used for the

uplink in LTE (Long Term Evolution)

networks. Using the SDMA (Space

Division Multiple Access) technique,

two standard mobile devices, eachwith only one physical transmission

antenna, communicate with a base

station simultaneously and on the

same radio channel. Using this tech-

nique an aggregated uplink transmis-

sion speed of 108 Mbps was achieved

instead of the usual 54 Mbps. While

MIMO on the downlink primarily

generates higher peak data rates for

the end user, Virtual MIMO on the

uplink brings benefits for the net-

work operator by making it possible

to increase network capacity andbetter utilize the available spectrum.

Moreover, with Virtual MIMO only

one power amplifier and transmis-

sion antenna is necessary for each

device, and that reduces production

costs and power needs. In the test

bed, which was constructed in

collaboration with the Fraunhofer

Institute for Telecommunications

(Heinrich Hertz Institute), two coop-

erating wireless end-user devices

form a Virtual MIMO system in

which the antenna elements are dis-

tributed over the two devices. Thetwo devices can be supplied simulta-

neously with data over the same fre-

quency band using space division

multiplexing.

NTT DoCoMo announced that in

collaboration with DoCoMo Commu-

nications Laboratories USA, it has

developed speech coding technology

that provides exceptionally high-qual-

ity voice for mobile phones, yet only

requires the low-level computing

power of conventional mobile tele-

phony technologies. This new tech-nology realizes a wide frequency

range of 50 Hz16 kHz, which is

approximately the full range of the

human voice. By comparison, the fre-

quency range of legacy telephony ser-

vices is limited to 300 Hz3.4 kHz. The

technology employs speech compres-

sion that is matched to the specific

characteristics of human auditory

perception, such as the fact that dis-

tortion in loud sounds is relatively

imperceptible. Moreover, the technol-

ogy enhances sound quality to aremarkably high degree and process-

es coding with great efficiency.

Andrew Corp has launched a net-

work monitoring platform, Invex3G

Autonomous which is designed to fit

inside public transport taxis and

buses, as well as private corporate

fleet vehicles. Invex3G Autonomous

runs unattended and operatesDigital Object Identifier 10.1109/MVT.2007.913285


2/7

JUNE 2007 | IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE ||| 39

remotely, enabling drive

test data and results to be

sent across a remote radio

link between the test

equipment and a central

operations center. The

autonomous system is fully

self-contained and fully

remotely controlled, with

an intelligent power man-

agement system to ensure

it remains alert and accessi-

ble during any power condi-

tion, including long periods

of vehicle inactivity.

LG-Nortel announced

what the joint venture

believes is the first videophone that

allows visual monitoring through a

remote Wi-Fi camera link. In the caseof a disturbance such as a fire or an

intruder, a sensor installed on the

premises transmits a radio signal to

the videophone that is then immedi-

ately received by the owner as an

SMS text message. The owner can

then visually check the home via the

on-site Wi-Fi camera which sends

real-time video to the videophone.

Renewable Energy

Motorola announced it has deployed

a wind and solar power system tooperate MTC Namibias GSM cell site

at Dordabis village in the Khomas

region of Namibia. The trial with

MTC Namibia supports the African

operators strategy for increased

voice and data service coverage in

rural areas of Namibia and is the first

of its kind globally. By incorporating

renewable energy solutions into

communication networks, Motorola

is trialling this solution as a feasible

option for operators instead of utilis-

ing costly fuel generators or waitinglong periods for a mains grid connec-

tion. Once installed, the cost of

power is almost zero, and wind and

solar powered cell sites require mini-

mal maintenance unlike a diesel

driven generator which generally

requires, at a minimum, a monthly

visit for refuelling. This translates

into added savings in operating

expenditure (OPEX), a key factor to

emerging market network operators.

Motorolas renewable energy sys-tems for powering wireless cell sites

can be found at www.motorola.com/

reach/windandsolartrial

Hi-Tech Wealth, a telecomms

products supplier in China, has

developed a mobile phone that uti-

lizes solar energy to recharge itself.

According to the company, a scale-

like solar panel on the top side of the

clamshell-designed phone can also

be recharged by light from other

sources including candles. The solar-

powered mobile phone from Hi-Techcan provide 40 minutes of talk-time

after sitting in the sun for an hour.

The company also claims that the

lifespan of the battery in the newly

developed solar-powered mobile

phone is 2.5 times longer than that of

traditional batteries.

Inveneo, a non-profit social enter-

prise has partnered with the BOSCO

(Battery Operated Systems for Com-

munity Outreach) Uganda Relief Pro-

ject to provide access to computers,

the Internet and VoIP telephony forNorthern Ugandas Internally Dis-

placed Persons (IDP) camps using a

solar powered WiFi network. The

current phase of the project serves

nearly 100,000 people and provides a

communications network of comput-

ers and telephones connected via

long-range WiFi for multiple loca-

tions in seven IDP camps and the

Archdioceses office in the

city of Gulu. Internet con-

nectivity is carried from

the city of Gulu via the

Inveneo WiFi network to

the IDP camps up to 70

Kilometers away.

Orange announced the

launch the Orange Mobile

Wind Charger that is pow-

ered by wind. The turbine,

developed at the Universi-

ty of Texas at Arlington,

weighs just 150 grams and

works by storing charge in

a control box.

Beyond 3G

The 22nd meeting of the ITU Radio-

communication Sector (ITU-R) Work-ing Party 8F (WP 8F) in Kyoto, Japan

reached a significant milestone in its

work when it forwarded for approval

a new terrestrial radio interface for

IMT-2000, OFDMA TDD WMAN as a

specific subset of WiMAX. This new

terrestrial radio interface comple-

ments the existing family of IMT-2000

radio interfaces and is in direct

response to the demands of ITU

Members to address the continu-

ously growing wireless marketplace.

Working under a mandate to addresssystems beyond 3G, WP 8F pro-

gressed from delivering an initial

vision to establishing a name for the

future (IMT-Advanced) and set out

principles for the process of devel-

opment of IMT-Advanced. ITU is the

internationally recognized entity

chartered to produce an official def-

inition of the next generation of

wireless technologies; a full set of

documentation for this definition will

be released shortly. During 2008 and

2009, there will be an open call forcandidates for IMT-Advanced to be

submitted to ITU, as well as the start

of assessment activities of candidate

technologies and systems. Services

provided using IMT-Advanced could

be commercially available as early

as 2011 subject to market demand.

Qualcomm announced the inclu-

sion of 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

The MIT WiTricity team between the coils.


3/7


4/7


integrate its WiMAX and IMS connec-

tivity as well as devices and ASIC

technology from Kyocera, WiNet-

works, and Runcom Technologies.

The WiMAX Forum announced

plans to open its first North Ameri-

can certification test lab this Octo-

ber in Virginia. The Forum said

about 30 members of staff will con-

duct certification testing as well as

radiated performance testing (RPT).

The groups lead certification test-

ing partner, AT4 wireless, has the

responsibility to develop and repli-

cate the certification test beds.

Taiwans Chunghwa Telecom is

launching Taiwan Mobile Healthcare

Services enabling anywhere, anytime

mobile medical care using a WiMAX

solution. The first WiMAX healthcarenetwork in Taiwan will support emer-

gency medical assistance and patient

care services wherever it is required

outside of a medical facility. To be

launched at the Taipei Medical Uni-

versity Hospital, Tri-Service General

Hospital and Taipei City-Wan Fang

Hospital, Mobile Healthcare is part of

the M-Taiwan initiative being piloted

by Taiwans Ministry of Economic

Affairs (MoEA). Taiwan Mobile

Healthcare Services include remote

outpatient registration known asMobile Nurse and, Treatment Assis-

tant, which allows doctors virtual

access to a patients medical records.

Wireless Care Genie, using Bluetooth-

enabled mobile devices, remotely

monitors the condition of long-term

sufferers of chronic diseases.

Koreas KT, LG-Nortel, a joint

venture of LG Electronics and Nor-

tel, and Nortel have launched a

joint collaboration initiative at KTs

Mobile WiMAX Service Confor-

mance Verification Center (SCVC)in Seoul, South Korea. The laborato-

ry provides a venue for customers

and other third parties to evaluate

the compliance of their products

with Mobile WiMAX (IEEE802.16e-

2005) standards as well as test

applications and equipment from

different manufacturers for seam-

less communications.

Maravedis has reported a 85%

increase in WiMAX subscribers. The

firm claims that United States, Spain

and Australia were the top 3 coun-

tries in number of subscribers,

accounting in the first quarter of

2007 for 0.5 million BWA/WiMAX sub-

scribers. Maravedis also announced

that WiMAX service revenues in 2006

totaled US$322 million, with record-

ed ARPUs of US$40.76 and US$145.54

for residential and business sub-scribers, respectively. 58% of the

WiMAX subscribers were residential

and 42% business.

Parks Associates has estimated

that mobile WiMAX will connect 8%

of the worlds 1.1 billion mobile

broadband subscribers by 2012. The

firm also believes that 52% of these

subscribers will be from Asian coun-

tries while North and South America

will account for another 28%.

Mobile TVDigitenne, Ericsson, KPN, Nokia,

Nokia Siemens Networks, NXP

Semiconductors, Sony Ericsson,

Telefnica, O2 Europe, T-Mobile,

Vodafone and ZTE announced their

support for a Mobile TV implementa-

tion profile developed within the

Broadcast Mobile Convergence

Forum (bmcoforum). The profile

simplifies the Open Mobile Alliance

(OMA) Mobile Broadcast Services

Enabler Suite (BCAST) specification

for fast implementations ensuring

interoperability and future proofing

further developments. The three

main features supported by this pro-

file are: advanced service and pro-

gram guide (ESG) enabling a rich set

of services; support for multiple

broadcast technologies; and support

for content and service protection,using the Smart Card Profile (based

on (U)SIM Card) or the DRM Profile

(based on OMA DRM V2.0). Support

for DVB-H broadcast networks and

cellular systems, as well as the 3G

Mobile Broadcast Service (MBMS),

are also benefits of the OMA-BCAST

specification.

3G News

Beijing T3G Technology (T3G) and

NXP Semiconductors have announced

what they claim is the worlds firstvoice automatic handover of multi-

mode TD-SCDMA and GSM/GPRS/

EDGE in a handset. The automatic

handover feature has been achieved

and validated successfully on T3Gs

TD-SCDMA/GSM/GPRS/EDGE dual

mode handset reference design plat-

form in multiple network environ-

ments built by all major Chinese

The Orange wind charger in operation.


5/7

42 ||| IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2007

infrastructure vendors including

Datang Mobile, ZTE and TD-Tech.

Seamless automatic handover of

voice calls between 3G TD-SCDMA

R4 wireless network and 2.5G

GSM/GPRS/EDGE mobile networks

are supported.

Datang Mobile and Alcatel

Shanghai Bell announced that they

have made a successful bid to pro-

vide TD-SCDMA network solutions

to Chinese service provider, China

Mobile as part of China Mobiles

TD-SCDMA trial network expansion

program. Datang and Alcatel Shang-

hai Bell plan to deploy TD-SCDMA

network solutions for China Mobile

in Shanghai and in the southern

city of Guangzhou.

A commuter coach service in theUK has added WiFi services inside its

coaches, using Vodafones 3G net-

work as the data carrier. Internet

connectivity is provided by

Mooveras Moovbox M Series, a

small device that creates a Wi-Fi net-

work throughout a vehicle. The

Moovbox bridges the Wi-Fi network

with Vodafone UKs 3G broadband

service that uses HSDPA to deliver

download speeds of around 1.4

Mbps. The launch follows initial trials

by Stagecoach across a 25-vehiclefleet where over 7,000 passengers

used the free service more than

32,000 times with an average session

duration of 41 minutes.

Forums

Alcatel-Lucent, Ericsson, France

Telecom/Orange, Nokia, Nokia

Siemens Networks, Nortel, T-Mobile,

and Vodafone have announced a

joint initiative aimed at driving for-

ward the realisation of the next-

generation of high performancemobile broadband networks based

on 3GPP Release 8 Long Term

Evolution/System Architecture Evo-

lution (LTE/SAE) specifications.

The LTE/SAE Trial Initiative heralds

a new chapter for the mobile indus-

try with network systems targeted

to support mobile broadband peak

data rates exceeding 100 Mbps. In

line with 3GPP requirements, this

next-generation technology aims to

provide a mobile broadband service

that outperforms both 3GPP

Release 6 HSPA, as well as current

fixed line DSL data rates while main-

taining and extending the highly

successful mobility and coverage

benefits of 3GPP networks such as

GSM. The companies participating

in this initiative will collaborate on

demonstrating the potential of 3GPP

LTE/SAE mobile broadband tech-

nologies through a series of joint

tests including radio transmission

performance tests, early interoper-

ability tests, field tests and full cus-

tomer trials.

The Bluetooth Special Interest

Group (SIG) announced that theWibree forum, the group specifying

the Nokia developed ultra low power

wireless technology, will be merged

with the Bluetooth SIG. With this

announcement, the Wibree specifica-

tion will become part of the Blue-

tooth specification as an ultra low

power Bluetooth technology.

Because Wibree addresses devices

with very low battery capacity and

can be easily integrated with Blue-

tooth technology, it will round out

Bluetooth technologys wireless Per-sonal Area Networking (PAN) offer-

ing and strengthen the technologys

ability to provide wireless connectiv-

ity for smaller devices.

US Mobile Market

The Federal Communications Com-

mission (FCC) has released a Memo-

randum Opinion and Order (Order)

that terminates its proceeding on

the use of cellular phones on air-

planes. In December 2004, the FCC

adopted a Notice of Proposed Rule-making (NPRM) to examine the exist-

ing rule that requires cellular phones

to be turned off once an aircraft

leaves the ground in order to avoid

interfering with cellular network sys-

tems on the ground. The comments

filed in response to the NPRM pro-

vide insufficient technical informa-

tion on whether the use of cellular

phones onboard aircraft may cause

harmful interference to terrestrial

networks. Therefore, the FCC deter-

mined that its proceeding on this

issue should be terminated at this

time. It may, however, reconsider

this issue at a later time if appropri-

ate technical data is available.

The FCC has adopted a Report

and Order and Further Notice of

Proposed Rulemaking that address

rules governing wireless licenses in

the 698806 MHz spectrum band,

commonly referred to as the 700

MHz Band. This spectrum is cur-

rently occupied by television

broadcasters during the digital tele-

vision (DTV) transition and will be

made fully available for wireless

services, including public safetyand commercial services, when the

DTV transition is completed on Feb-

ruary 17, 2009. In the Order, the

FCC adopted a mix of geographic

area sizes for licensing the spec-

trumincluding Cellular Market

Areas (CMAs), Economic Areas

(EAs) and Regional Economic Area

Groupings (REAGs)and estab-

lished rules related to power limits

and other technical issues, as well

as initial license terms. In addition,

the FCC applied 911/E911 and hear-ing aid compatibility rules to all

commercial mobile radio services

(CMRS) providers, regardless of the

spectrum being used, to the extent

the service meets the scope

requirements in the FCCs current

rules. With regard to the 700 MHz

Guard Bands, the FCC adopted pro-

visions to encourage the efficient

and effective use of the Guard Band

spectrum. The FCC replaced the

existing Guard Band Manager leas-

ing rules with the spectrum leasingpolicies established in the FCCs

Secondary Markets proceeding,

providing Guard Band licensees

with greater flexibility. With regard

to the 700 MHz Public Safety spec-

trum, the FCC tentatively conclud-

ed that the current public safety

wideband allocation should be

revised such that only broadband


6/7


applications consistent with a

nationwide interoperability stan-

dard should be deployed on a going

forward basis. The FCC also tenta-

tively concluded that it should con-

solidate the 700 MHz Public Safety

spectrum, by combining the nar-

rowband spectrum at the upper

portion of the public safety alloca-

tion and the broadband spectrum

at the lower portion.

The FCC also adopted a Notice of

Proposed Rulemaking (Notice) that

seeks comment on permitting the

installation of smaller antennas by

Fixed Service operators in the

10.711.7 GHz band. Although the

current rules do not mandate a spe-

cific antenna size, they do specify

certain technical parametersincluding maximum beamwidth, min-

imum antenna gain, and minimum

radiation suppressionthat, given

the current state of technology, limit

operators to a minimum antenna

size of four feet. The FCC tentatively

concludes that such an allocation

does not preclude the FCC from facil-

itating the efficient use of the band

by permitting FS operators to deploy

smaller antennas while protecting

other users in the band from harmful

interference associated with the useof the smaller antennas.

AT&T announced that it will

acquire Dobson Communications

Corporation, a provider of rural and

suburban wireless communications

services, for approximately $2.8 bil-

lion in cash. Dobsons network cov-

ers rural and suburban areas in

Alaska, Arizona, Illinois, Kansas,

Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Min-

nesota, Missouri, New York, Ohio,

Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Vir-

ginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin.Because Dobsons network overlaps

minimally with AT&Ts, the acquisi-

tion will expand geographic cover-

age for both companies customers.

Additionally, Dobsons 850 MHz

spectrum will enhance AT&Ts

service quality in those rural and

suburban markets. AT&T also

announced it will begin shutting

down its TDMA network in 18 mar-

kets this year. According to AT&T,

only 1% of its calling traffic runs

over its TDMA network. The net-

work turn down will not affect the

carriers analog network. Federal

regulations require wireless carriers

to maintain their analog networks

through February 2008, but those

requirements do not extend to

TDMA networks.

According to Einstein Wireless,

the Wisconsin-based wireless carri-er has become the only wireless

carrier in the US to launch a cell

broadcast system that will alert its

subscribers about natural disas-

ters, terrorist attacks, chemical

explosions, wildfires and other life-

threatening events. This first-of-its-

kind implementation in the United

States utilizes Einstein Wireless

GSM network, capable of transmit-

ting emergency alerts across most

of Wisconsin, and Houston-based

CellCast Technologies notificationequipment to broadly distribute

emergency alerts via cell phone.

Cell broadcast uses a feature

already built into most cell phones

that enables a government entity

to simultaneously send an emer-

gency message to large numbers of

cell phones, and only to those in

the specific geographically threat-

ened area. The alert message is

transmitted over a portion of band-

width that is minimally used in

normal cell calling, therefore notsubject to degradation of normal

cell phone use during a public

emergency situation.

Industry Forecasts and Surveys

According to IDCs Worldwide Quar-

terly Mobile Phone Tracker, 256.4

million units were shipped during

the first quarter of 2007, which rep-

resents a year-on-year increase of

10.0% but a 13.8% decrease with the

previous quarter. Strategy Analytics

estimates that the number of camera

phones will exceed one billion in

2007. The firm also expects camera

phone handset revenues to grow to

over $120 billion by 2011. Nokia is

also the market leader in this seg-

ment with a 28% share. ABI Research

expects that around 292 million

mobile phone handsets, or approxi-

mately 20% of the global handsetmarket, will incorporate Near Field

Communication capabilities by 2012.

According to IDC, Western Euro-

pean spending in femtocell-enabled

services will grow to $900 million

and the number of users will surpass

the 5.7 million mark at the end of the

forecast period in 2011. In a different

report, Analysys claims that an oper-

ator with 5 million customers could

save an average of about US$45 per

customer per year by 2012 by

deploying 3G femtocells in 60% ofcustomer households.

ABI Research estimates that

nearly 18 million wireless modules

shipped into M2M applications in

2006, including telematics, teleme-

try, and Wireless Local Loop. The

firm also believes that this figure

will rise to approximately 90 million

in 2012. Berg Insight has also esti-

mated the number of machines con-

nected to mobile networks in

Europe will grow by 43.7% annually

to reach 52.0 million by 2011. Thefirm believes that there were about

8.5 million active cellular and satel-

lite wireless M2M connections in

the EU and Western Europe at the

end of 2006. The research firm said

that energy meters currently repre-

sent the largest share, followed by

motor vehicles, and security

alarms. However, the firm believes

EINSTEINWIRELESS HAS LAUNCHED A CELL BROADCAST SYSTEM

THAT WILL ALERT ITS SUBSCRIBERS ABOUT NATURAL DISASTERS,

TERRORIST ATTACKS, CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS, WILDFIRES, AND

OTHER LIFE-THREATENING EVENTS.


7/7

that motor vehicles will become the

largest segment in 2011, accounting

for more than 60% of the total

installed base.

Gartner has estimated that

worldwide mobile gaming (i.e.,

video games on cellphones) end-

user revenue will grow from US$2.9

billion in 2006 to US$9.6 billion in

2011, with a 49.9% increase in 2007

compared to 2006. An important

proportion of such revenues will be

due to the Asia/Pacific region and

Japan that will achieve $4.6 billion

in revenues in 2011. In Western

Europe, mobile gaming end user

revenue is expected to grow from

$1.5 billion in 2007 to $2 billion in

2011. Finally, the North American

mobile gaming revenue is forecast-ed to reach $1.7 billion in 2011.

According to ABI Research fore-

casts, the number of worldwide Wi-Fi

hotspots in 2007 will grow by nearly

25%, to 179,500, with 72% of the sites

located in North America and

Europe. The Asia Pacific region is

also believed to match the North

American number of hotspots by

2012. In a different report, Telecom

Trends International estimates that

the overall Wi-Fi market will reach

US$5.6 billion in revenue in 2012.A report from Strategy Analytics

predicts that mobile media advertis-

ing will rise from $1.4 billion this year

to $14.4 billion by 2011, accounting

then for a fifth of global spending on

Internet advertising.

In a new report, the firm iGR has

forecasted that 3G mobile band-

width usage will experience a near-

ly tenfold increase by 2011. To

reach this conclusion, the firm

modeled the current bandwidth

usage among mobile data users,the future bandwidth usage of IMS-

based applications among those

same users, and forecasted the

increased bandwidth consumption

based on those mobile data and

application usage profiles. Accord-

ing to these models, in 2006, light

mobile data users consumed

approximately 5.92 MB per user

per month; medium users con-

sumed approximately 17.68 MB;

and heavy mobile data users con-

sumed about 44.4 MB per user per

month. The types of mobile appli-

cations used in the model range

from email and Web browsing to

virtual private network logins and

instant messaging.

Other News

NTT DoCoMo announced that it will

terminate Personal Handyphone Sys-

tem (PHS) mobile phone services on

January 7, 2008.

The International Trade Commis-

sion (ITC) decided to ban the import

of future models of 3G mobile broad-

band handsets incorporating Qual-

comm chipsets and softwareaccused of infringing a Broadcom

patent. Qualcomm announced it will

ask the Federal Circuit Court of

Appeals to stay enforcement of the

ITCs order and ask the President to

veto the ITCs decision. Qualcomm

maintains that Broadcoms patent is

invalid and not infringed.

3G Americas has reported that

the number of GSM mobile wireless

subscribers worldwide reached 2.5

billion, a 400% increase in GSM

subscribers from only six yearsago. There are currently 700 com-

mercial GSM networks across 218

countries and territories around

the world. As of May 2007, there

are also 169 UMTS operators in ser-

vice across 71 countries, and 117 of

those operators in 59 countries

have deployed HSDPA.

The CDMA Development Group

(CDG) announced that 251 operators

in 105 countries across all conti-

nents of the globe have selected

CDMA2000 technologies to deliver3G services, including more than 100

operators which have chosen

CDMA2000 within the past three

years. There are currently 215

CDMA2000 operators offering com-

mercial 3G services and 36 more will

launch within the next six months.

124 operators have already deployed

or are introducing EV-DO Rel 0 and

30 operators have launched or are

about to launch EV-DO Rev. A

advanced mobile data services.

The GSMA is rebranding the

3GSM World Congress and its sister

event in Asia to reflect their role

encouraging the development of

compelling new mobile services for

end-users. The 3GSM World Con-

gress Asia will now be called the

Mobile Asia Congress and the 3GSM

World Congress in Barcelona has

been rebranded as the Mobile

World Congress.

NextWave Wireless has an-

nounced that it is paying $100 million

to buy privately-held, IPWireless,

which is widely recognized as a fore-

most supplier of TD-CDMA network

equipment and subscriber terminals.Mobile broadband networks that uti-

lize IPWirelesss TD-CDMA technolo-

gy have been commercially deployed

in more than a dozen countries,

including the Czech Republic, New

Zealand, Germany, South Africa, Swe-

den, UK and USA.

Rod Baber, a British climber, has

set a world record by making a

mobile phone call from the top of

Mount Everest in 21 May 2007. Batter-

ies for the Motorola handset he used

were taped to his body to ensurethey stayed at a high enough temper-

ature to power the phone.

The Chinese Ministry of Railways

(MoR) and the China Railway Signal-

ing and Communication Corporation

have chosen Nokia Siemens Net-

works to provide a GSM-Railway

(GSM-R) network for the planned

Dedicated Passenger Line (DPL)

between Wuhan and Guangzhou in

southern China. Under the contract,

Nokia Siemens Networks will supply

a total GSM-R solution, includingbase stations, a core network, Intelli-

gent Network, an advanced high-

speed railway tunnel communication

solution and services. The project is

scheduled for completion by the end

of 2009. The Wuhan-Guangzhou DPL

will be 968 kilometers in length and

is designed for a maximum speed of

350 km/h.

44 ||| IEEE VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE | JUNE 2007

mit artigo

Documents