Ministry of Science & Technology

Science , Technology and Innovation Indicators ByHASSAN BASHIR ELAMIN ASSOCIATE PROFESSORDirector ;Human Resources Development.UNESCO Sub-Regional Training Workshop .Cairo: 28 30 Sept. 2009

Republic of Sudan

Part OneGeneral Features of the Country

1.1 Geographical Setting:1.1.1 Position and Population:

Land surface: 2,505,813 sq. kmTotal Population estimate (2007): 38,600,000.Population density: 13/sq. km.Average yearly population growth rate (1998-2003): 2.63%

Demographic & Health Highlights

Capital Natural Resources Land use

1.1.3.2 Sea coast, Lakes and Rivers:Climate.1.1.3.3 Renewable National Resources.1.1.3.4 Non-Renewable Natural Resources. 1.1.3.4 Chief ports1.1.3.4 Political Features

YearGDP - real growth rateRankPercent ChangeDate of Information20035.10 %352002 est.20045.90 %3815.69 %2003 est.20056.40 %418.47 %2004 est.20068.00 %3025.00 %2005 est.20079.60 %2020.00 %2006 est.200812.80 %633.33 %2007 est.

Natural resources: petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropowerDefinition: This entry lists a country's mineral, petroleum, hydropower, and other resources of commercial importance.

GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 31.5%

industry: 35.7%

services: 32.8% (2007 est.)

2.2The Comprehensive National Strategy (2007 2011):

Part TwoNational Science & Technology Policy Structure

3.1- Introduction3.2. The Organizational Chart3.3 Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)

3.3.1 MOST Science and Technology Policy:3.3.2 MOST Targets. 3.3.3 MOST Organizational Set-Up1.Science and technology sector: 2. Information Technology Sector: 3.Inter-relation and Technology Transfer sector:

**MOST: TOTAL WORK FORCE1026444143242940500100015002000250030003500400045005000ResearchersA/Res.TechSupportNUMBER

** MOST

3. 4. Structural set up of the Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research1-The specialized scientific committees:-2- Permanent committees:-3- Institutions for higher education and scientific research.

Building up the National Scientific and Technological PotentialPart Three

4.1 Manpower Development4. 1.1 Education: 4.1.1.1 General EducationTable (1): percentage increase in general education schools

4.1.1.2: Higher Education:Table (2): Students Enrollment and Graduation in Universities:

No92/932007In crease %1.Enrolled 250184347773.78%2.Graduated 1318338217189.9%

Table (3): Students enrolled by field of study:

NoNo in 92/93No in 99/20001.Education 412372692.Humanities & fine Art441564123.Social sciences & Business ness Administration & law2012125914.Natural Sciences 168538945.Engineering sciences 253945456.Agriculture 233645537.Health and social services 176040368.Services148177Total2501843477

Distribution of admission according to sex ratio

% Student enrollment ratio:

School Enrolment (School-Universities-Postgraduate)

UNIDO

Table (8) Education in Communication Engineering4.1.1.3 Education in Information and Communication Technology : Table (7) No. of Students and Universities in information

The levelNo. of StudentsNo of UniversitiesM..Sc1033B.Sc4807H. D.6005Short training Courses2000Over 100

The levelNo. of StudentsNo of UniversitiesM..Sc183B.Sc1504H. D.803Short training CoursesMany-

Table (9) No. of Training centers/Computers Programes

Item No.Training centers 139 Hardware Computers 826Training programmes 49Trainees/month 3465Trainers/month 110

Table (12):Public Vocational Training Centres

NoCentres LocationFoundation DateFinancing Resource1.Khartoum (1) Vocational Training Centre1957Sudan government + International Organization2.Malakal V.TC1981Sudan gvt + I.L.O3.Khartoum (2) V.T.C1964Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of Germany 4.Kosti V.T.C1969Sudan gvt 5.Medani V.T.C1970Sudan gvt + I.L.o6.Wau V.T.C1974Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of Germany7.Juba V.T.C1980Sudan gvt + I.L.o

8.Port Sudan V.T.C1981Sudan gvt + Federal Republic of Germany9.Chinese Friendship V.T.C1989Sudan gvt + China gvt10.Niyala V.T.C1990Sudan gvt + I.L.O11.Elobeid V.T.C1991Sudan gvt + I.L.O12Khartoum (3) V.T.C1994Sudan gvt 13.Korean V.T.C1996Sudan gvt + Southern Korean gvt

4.2 Research and Development Potential 4.2.1 Institutions of (MOST)

Number of researchers per (1000) population

Sudan (0.07)

Number of Researchers per 10000 Population

Developed countries

Arab countries

Sudan

0.7

1.7

75

Chart1

75

1.7

0.2

Chart2

2.8

1.5

0.2

Chart3

0.1

3

20

Sheet1

751.70.2

2.81.50.2

0.1320

Sheet2

Sheet3

Table (13): (MOST) Institutions staff distribution (2003)

NoInstitution Human ResourceResearchersTechniciansLabouresTotal1.ARC4231434345553122.ARRC28254860814383.NCR3183732389294.NAEC274824995.IRCC8294702466.ESRC15718407.ERC355627118 Total1182256044408182

Table (14) (2007)

NoInstitutionProgramsProject1.ARC24992.ARRC11513.NCR511134.IRCC6165.ERESC5176.ESRC11547.ERC478.Information Technology4209.Technology Transfer626 Total115503

Part Four

Objectives, Achievements, Limiting Factors and Constraints in the Field of Science and Technology Policy:

5.1 Objectives:some of the objectives of the strategy:1.Putting in place comprehensive development plans to cover all aspects of life and sectors of the society.2.Self realization, assertion of individual and common entities, indigenous, ideological reconnaissance, activation and promotion of capabilities, comprehensive scientific manipulation of the future national aspiration.3.The establishment of a scientific and technological body to enhance the capacity of science and technology research.

4.Discover and exploit the huge natural resources of the Sudan.5.Build up a capable and dynamic scientific and technological potential (STP).6.Transfer, assimilate and diffuse advanced foreign technology. 7.Build a solid industrial base.8.Build a healthy economy in line with developed countries.9. Shake up the Sudanese mentality and attitudes by cultivating and inoculating the values of hard meticulous.

5.2 Achievements:-The following are a few examples of the many achievement of the strategy:1. Establishment of a Ministry for Science and Technology as the main body responsible for science and technology issues with the sole responsibility for:-- Coordination of efforts in science and technology in all institution responsible for R&D.- Creation of national and international linkages. - Develop new means of technology transfer .

2. Establishment of a special department in the council of ministers for meterology and standardization.3. Ministerial higher council for environment .4. A number of international agreements have been made with R&D Institutions abroad. 5. Agreements with International organization inside and outside the UN system. 6. Capacity for development has been enhanced through establishment of central facilites e.g Central laboratory, training of personal etc.

7. establishment of special sector to cater for information and communication services 8. Facilitation of scientific & technological interaction involving the government sector, industry and NGOs.9. The already existing hospitals were rehabilitated.10. Pharmaceutical industry flourished, 14 plants are now producing drugs, medicines and medical supplies.11. Investment was encouraged and prestudied projects in industry & agriculture were promoted. j

12. An understanding and friendly trade union facilitate the interaction between the different levels.13. The privatization policy diminished the role of the government in the services and production sectors.14. Liberalization and restructuring of the economy, (lifting of control on foreign currency, amendment in the banking and fixation systems). 15. Sustainable growth of GDP by 6%. 16. There is an increase in export particularly oil and gold which had its positive impact on the trade balance.

17. Foreign investment was on the increase: 5 billion dollars was the value of investment during the nineteen nineties. 18. The infrastructure for the oil industry was developed .19. In education illiteracy campaigns were launched.20. A satelite receiving station was erected. 21. Communication services extended to almost all parts of the country.

5.3 Constraints:some of the limiting factors and constraints:1.The very ambitious nature of the strategy that set goals uneasy to attain.2. Illiteracy of the stakeholders.3. The foreign aid for the development projects was ever diminishing due to political reasons. 4. The servicing of the foreign debts absorbed more of the hard currency.5. Allocation of resources to meet the requirement of the implementation of the federal system had in some way hampered the development.

6. The degradation of the social situation of society due to mounting inflation and demographic changes resulting from war and natural conditions.7. In some instances weak management of research institutes.8. Low contribution of the private sector in STI expenditure.9. Patenting (International/ Local).10. Qualitative research outputs.

**PrivateGOVSUPPLY OF HUMAN RESOURCES (Universities + Colleges)Higher Education Revolution51

34universitiescolleges

*13PRODUCTIVITY GAP (Agr) Large room for improvement through Research & Technology Transfer A long agricultural Research History A big gap between research farm and farmers productivity

*14NATIONAL COUNCIL for S & T MandateApproving and Endorsing Policies & Strategies for Science & TechnologyOverseeing Plans & Implementation of Applied ResearchDeploying Human & Research CapabilitiesThrough its Broad membership Assisting on Transfer of Research Outputs to End UsersFund Raising for Rehabilitating & Equipping Institutions Encouraging Bilateral, Regional & Interregional cooperationAdvising Government on Science & Technology

*15RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS Governmental Institutions: Ministry of Science & Technology (9 institutions)Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (Basic and Applied)Ministry of Energy: Petroleum Research Geological researchMinistry of Irrigation & water Resources:Hydraulic Research StationMinistry of Health : National Health Labs.Sugar Corporation: Genaid Research StationPrivate Sector:Kenana Agricultural Research CentreArab Authority for Agricultural Investment and Development

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