migration ap hug. migration migration – a change in residence that is intended to be permanent...
TRANSCRIPT
Migration
• Migration – A change in residence that is intended to be permanent
• Emigration – leaving a country
• Immigration – entering a country
• On average, Americans move once every 6 years
• US Population is the most mobile in the world with over 5 million moving from one state to another every year
• 35 million move within a state, county or community each year
• Migration is a key factor in the speed of diffusion of ideas and innovation
Types of Migration
Forced Migration – migrants have no choice – must leavePeriodic movement – short term (weeks/months) seasonal migration to college, winter in the south, etc.Cyclic movement – daily movement to work, shopping.Transhumance – seasonal pastoral farming – Switzerland, Horn of AfricaNomadism – cyclical, yet irregular migration that follows the growth of vegetation.
Key Factors in Migration
• External Migration – from one country to another (emigration & immigration)
• Internal Migration – from one part of a country to another part
• Direction• Distance
Catalysts of Migration
Economic conditions- poverty and desire for opportunity.Political conditions – persecution, expulsion, or war.Environmental conditions – crop failures, floods, drought, environmentally induced famine.Culture and tradition – threatened by changeTechnology – easier and cheaper transport or change in livability
• Chain migration – migration of people to a specific location because of relatives or members of the same nationality already there.
• Step migration – short moves in stages – e.g. Brazilian family moves from village to town and then finally Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro
• Refugees – those who have been forced to migrate.
• Push-Pull Factors – push factors induce people to leave. Pull factors encourage people to move to an area.
• Distance decay – contact diminishes with increasing distance. (both diffusion and migration)
• Intervening opportunity – alternative destinations that can be reaches more quickly and easily.
Voluntary Migration – Migrants
weigh push and pull
factors to decide first, to emigrate from
the home country and
second, where to go
• Distance Decay weighs into the decision to migrate, leading many migrants to move less far than they originally contemplate.
Economic Conditions – migrants will often risk their lives in hopes of economic opportunities
that will enable them to send money home (remittances) to their family members who
remain behind.
Environmental Conditions – In Montserrat, a 1995 volcano made the southern half of the island, including the capital city of Plymouth, uninhabitable. People who remained migrated to the north or to the U.S.
• Economic Opportunities – Islands of development – places within a region or country where foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure and concentrated.
• Economic Opportunities – In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Chinese migrated throughout Southeast Asia to work in trade commerce, and finance.
• Reconnecting Cultural Groups
• About 700,000 Jews migrated to then – Palestine between 1900 and 1948
• After 1948, when the land was divided into two states, 600,000 Palestinian Arabs fled newly-designated Israeli territories.