Chapter 3

“Migration”

Relocation Diffusion: …

Migration: …

Immigration: …

Emigration: …

Net Migration=Immigration-Emigration

Define the following:

Human Mobility - Circulation, Migration

Place Perception -

Distance Decay -

Space Time Compression – we have seen this before

Gravity Model -

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration -

Distance Decay

Discuss the above graph!

One important aspect of the movement of people is Spatial Interaction.

Spatial Interaction decreases with distance - distance decay

With improved communication and transportation this is now changing - space time compression

… - migration stream. People tell people - migration chain.

Gravity Model – …

– …– …

Gravity Model:

I kP P

dij

i j

ij

Distance and Size of places are taken into account.

Iij = predicted interaction between origin i and destination j.

k = factor scales the “relative” levels of interaction. Phone calls → high value, Air travel → med. value and

Migrants → low valueSometimes used as a scaling constant to adjust certain characteristics like: time (one week/one year), climate, landforms, borders etc. b below can also be used to

adjust.

Pi = a measure of size, usually population, for origin I

Pj = a measure of size, usually population, for destination j

dij = distance between origin i and destination j

β = an exponent that adjusts the rate of decay unique to the type of interaction – sometimes called a “transport constant “– the efficiency of the transport system between the two the two locations. A highway will have a weak value whereas a road will have a high value or are you measuring the movement of goods or the movement of information

Lee’s Model of Migration:

Draw this into your notes and we will fill it in together!

Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration

Ernst Ravenstein – 1885 (British)

1. …

2. …

3. …

4. …

5. …

6. …

7. …

8. …

9. …

10.…

The next few slides illustrate Canadian Migration over time. Let’s analyze these stats and try to determine the titles for some.

Vancouver by Source Area

What do you think Toronto’s would look like?

Ten Leading Source Countries of Immigrants to Canada

1951 1960 1968 1973

Britain Italy Britain Britain

Germany Britain United States United States

Italy United States Italy Hong Kong

Netherlands Germany Germany Portugal

Poland Netherlands Hong Kong Jamaica

France Portugal France India

United States Greece Austria Philippines

Belgium France Greece Greece

Yugoslavia Poland Portugal Italy

Denmark Austria Yugoslavia Trinidad

 

Source: The Immigration Program. Ottawa: Manpower and Immigration, 1974.

Note the changes through time!

COUNTRY  2000   2001   2002 

Num. Rank Num. Rank Num. Rank

China, People's Republic of 36,716 1 40,315 1 33,231 1

India 26,088 2 27,848 2 28,815 2Pakistan 14,184 3 15,341 3 14,164 3

Philippines 10,088 4 12,914 4 11,000 4Iran 5,608 8 5,737 7 7,742 5

Korea, Republic of 7,629 5 9,604 5 7,326 6Romania 4,425 11 5,585 8 5,692 7

United States 5,815 7 5,902 6 5,288 8Sri Lanka 5,841 6 5,514 9 4,961 9

United Kingdom 4,647 10 5,350 10 4,720 10

Yugoslavia 4,723 9 2,788 22 1,620 31

Immigration by Top Ten Source Countries

More Change!

Canada’s immigration policy (multiculturalism and the point system) will benefit Canada in the future on 3 very important counts:

1.Quebec/Canada relationships

2.Domestic Employment

3.The Global Economy

Comment on the above statement/hypothesisWhat does the above mean?Do you agree or disagree

A question!

Inter-regional migration in Canada

Major inter-provincial migration flows 1996-2001

“Human Geography: by Paul Knox Observations?

Intra-regional Migration in the U.S.

Average annual migration among urban, suburban, and rural areas in the U.S. during the 1990s. The largest flow was from central cities to suburbs.

What is Counter- Urbanization?

Can you explain this Net Migration Map of the US?

Center of Population in the U.S.

The center of U.S. population has consistently moved westward, with the population migration west. It has also begun to move southward with migration to the southern sunbelt. I could not find Canada’s center of Population – Where do you think it is?

Migration from Latin America to the U.S.

Mexico has been the largest source of migrants to the U.S., but migrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.

Concrete wall built to separate San Diego from Tijuana, Mexico (2000)

To try and slow down the massive Mexican migration into the US. Maquiladoras were set up in Mexico near the US border.

Positive Migration:-Quintana Roo- Baja – Nord- Baja – Sur- Chihuahua- Mexico

Negative Migration:- Distrito Federal- Guerrero- Zacatecas- Oaxaca- Veracruz

Hallow Core

Mexico CityExplain!

Maquiladora comes from the Spanish word maquilar meaning "to perform a task for another." Today, maquiladora …

Global Migration Patterns

The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.

Net Migration (per population)

Net migration per 1,000 population. The U.S. and Canada has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.

Location of Refugees - 2000

Observations?

Flow of Refugees – Can you name the Hotspots?

Some final key terms:

•Brain Drain•Time Contract Worker•Guest Worker•Transhumance•Inter-region•Intra-region•Intervening Obstacles•Push/Pull Factors

Vocabulary List

Activity space Chain migration Cyclic movement Distance decay Forced Gravity model Internal migration Intervening opportunity Migration patterns • Intercontinental • Interregional • Rural-urban  Migratory movement Periodic movement Personal space Place utility Push-pull factors Refugee Space-time prism Step migration Transhumance Transmigration Voluntary

The End!