microsoft word - cpci assignment new

8/12/2019 Microsoft Word - Cpci Assignment New

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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

UEMK 3313 CHEMICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

LECTURER: IR . ASSOC. PROF. DR. LEE TIN SIN

LECTURE GROUP : L1

Name ID COURSE Year /

Trime!er

C"#!ri$%!i"# Sia!%re

ARON LEE CHAN YANG 11'1'() CL Y*S1 1''+

MARILYN YONG YUEN

LING

','-(1* CL Y*S1 1''+

THONG SENG CHOON ','*3(, CL Y*S1 1''+

OON PUI KEI ','('' CL Y*S1 1''+

YE0 CHOON SENG ','31( CL Y*S1 1''+


2/25

I#!r"%2!i"# !" me!a#"4

Me!a#"4 i a# "r&a#i2 2emi2a4 2"m5"%#6 2"#!i!%!e "7 2ar$"#6 8r"&e#6 a#

"98&e# i! a 2emi2a4 7"rm%4a "7 CH3OH. I! i a# a42""4. A 2"4"%r4e6 ""%r4e

$%! ;"4a!i4e 4i


3/25

Fi&%re 1 " !e 5r"2e 74" ia&ram "7 me!a#"4 5r"%2!i"# i! !e $%i4!=i# "7

$ai2 %#i! "5era!i"# 2"m5"#e#! i# !e 5r"%2!i"# 54a#!. Te 7"44"i#& 2"m5"#e#!

are:

1. Ga 2"m5re"r

. Fee=e774%e#! ea! e92a#&er >FEHE?

3. a5"%r / 4i


4/25

I# !e e9"!ermi2 rea2!"r6 !e 8#&a %#er&"e !e 2"#;eri"# 5r"2e ere i! 5ae

!r"%& a erie "7 5ermea$4e $e 2"#i! "7 2"55er 2a!a48! i2 5r"m"!e !e

2emi2a4 7"rma!i"# "7 2r%e me!a#"4 a# a!er. eie !a!6 "!er $8=5r"%2!

2emi2a4 rea2!i"# ma8 "22%r i# !e e9"!ermi2 rea2!"r i2 i e5e#e#! "# !e ra!i"

"7 CO !" CO i# !e 7ee &a6 !e 7ee &a 5%ri!8 a# !e 2a!a48! a&e. Te 7"44"i#&

e9"!ermi2 rea2!i"# i# !e rea2!"r 5r"2ee a 7"44":

CO H CH3OH >=,'.) @/m"4?

CO 3H CH3OH HO >=*,. @/m"4?

Te 5r"%2! a# ea! &e#era!e 7r"m !e e9"!ermi2 rea2!i"# !e# &"e !r"%&

FEHE "#2e m"re !" a44" !e %#rea2!e &a a e44 a me!a#"4 mi9!%re 2""4 "# !"a 4"er !em5era!%re a# 2"#e#a!i"# "7 me!a#"4 i#!" 4i


5/25


6/25

#eee i# "rer !" i#2reae 5re%re "7 -).) $ar. A 2"#e#er i #eee !" 2""4 "#

!e S8#&a i2 %#er&"e !e 7ir! 2"m5rei#& >K1? 7"r a$"%! , !" 3 6 a#

!e 2"m5rei"# 2"#!i#%e i! K %#!i4 11' $ar.

C"#!r"4 8!em i e! %5 7"r $"! !e 2"m5re"r a# !e 2"#e#er. F"r 2"m5re"r

K16 a 7ee=7"rar 74"=ra!e 2"#!r"4 8!em i e! %5. 0e# !e 7ee "r S8#&a e#!er

!e 7ee6 $e7"re e#!eri#& 2"m5re"r K16 !e 74" i#i2a!"r i44 mea%re !e 74" ra!e6

i! !e# 2"#;er! !e 74" ra!e !" !e ia4 a# e# i! !" !e 74" 2"#!r"44er. 0i! !e

e! 5"i#! e! !" !e 74" 2"#!r"44er6 i2 i 11*-' @m"4/6 i7 !e 74" ra!e "7 S8#&a

i 11*-' @m"4/6 !e 74" 2"#!r"44er i44 e2ie a# e# !e e2ii"# !" !e IP

!ra#%2er6 !e IP !ra#%2er 2"#;er! !e e2ii"# "7 !e 74" 2"#!r"44er !" !e

2"m5re"r K1 !" r%# i! 2"m5rei"#. H"e;er6 e# !ere i i77ere#! $e!ee# !e

S8#&a 74" ra!e a# !e e! 5"i#! 74" ra!e6 !e 74" 2"#!r"44er i44 e2ie !" #"! !"

r%# !e 2"m5re"r K1 "r #"! !" !ar! !e "4e me!a#"4 5r"%2!i"# 5r"2e $8

e#i#& !e e2ii"# !" !e IP !ra#%2er6 a# !e IP !ra#%2er 2"#;er! !e ia4 !"

!"5 !e 2"m5re"r K1 r%##i#&.

Fee$a2@ !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er i i#!a44e !" !e 2"#e#er !" ma@e %re !e

!em5era!%re "7 !e 7ir! 2"m5rei"# S8#&a m%! 3) $e7"re e#!eri#& 2"m5re"r

K. 0e# !e S8#&a are $ei#& 2"#e#e $8 !e 2"#e#er6 !e !em5era!%re i#i2a!"r

i44 mea%re !e !em5era!%re "7 !e 2"#e#e S8#&a6 a# 2"#;er! !e !em5era!%re

reai#& !" !e ia4 a# !ra#mi! !" !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er. 0i! !e e! 5"i#! "7

3) !a! are e! !" !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er6 e# !ere i i77ere#! $e!ee# !e

!em5era!%re "7 !e 2"#e#e 8#&a a# !e e! 5"i#!6 e5e2ia448 e# i i&er6 !e

2"#!r"44er i44 ma@e e2ii"# a# e# !e e2ii"# !" !e IP !ra#%2er. Te IP

!ra#%2er 2"#;er! !e e2ii"# !" !e a2!i"# $8 "5e# !e 2"#!r"4 ;a4;e !" re4eae !e

"! !eam i#ie !e 2"#e#er !" i#2reae i! e77i2ie#28 "7 2"#e#a!i"#. 0e# !e

mea%re !em5era!%re i 4"er "r ame a !e e! 5"i#!6 !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er i44

ma@e #" e2ii"# a# !ere7"re !e ;a4;e i44 #"! $e "5e#.

Te 2"#e#e S8#&a i44 %#er&" !e e2"# 2"m5rei"# !r"%& !e 2"m5re"r

K. A#"!er 7ee=7"rar 5re%re 2"#!r"4 8!em i i#!a44e !" !e 2"m5re"r K.

Te 5re%re i#i2a!"r i44 mea%re !e 5re%re "7 !e 2"#e#e S8#&a $e7"re

e#!eri#& !e 2"m5re"r. I! i44 !e# 2"#;er! !e reai#& a# !ra#mi! !e ia4 !" !e

5re%re 2"#!r"4. Te 5re%re 2"#!r"4 i44 e2ie " ma#8 5"er #ee !" a5548 !"


7/25

!e 2"m5re"r K a# e# !e e2ii"# !" !e IP !ra#%2er. Te IP !ra#%2er i44

2"#;er! !e e2ii"# !" !e C"m5re"r K " !a! #" ma!!er a! i !e 5re%re

"%!2"me "7 !e 2"#e#e S8#&a a7!er !e 2"#e#a!i"#6 !e 2"m5rei"# i !i44 i44

re%4! i# 11' $ar. Ti 2"#!r"4 8!em 2a# $e ai a a ;er8 ee#!ia4 2"#!r"4 8!em

a !e 5re%re "7 !e 2"#e#e 8#&a i #"! a4a8 2"#!a#! a# ;arie a! a#8 ;a4%e.

Te 2"m5ree 1'' $ar i44 !e# mi9e i! !e re2824i#& S8#&a 7r"m !e re74%9

ra!i" a# a4" 2"m5rei"# $8 !e 2"m5re"r K*6 i2 " i# Fi&%re ..

Te 2"#!r"4 8!em !a! e!=%5 "# !e 2"m5re"r K* i a4m"! !e ame i! !e

2"#!r"4 8!em 7"r 2"m5re"r K16 i#2e $"! are ma#a&i#& !e 74" ra!e "7 !e !ar!i#&

7ee >re2824e S8#&a 2a# $e a4" @#"# a !ar!i#& 7ee i#2e !e8 2"#!ai# !e ame

&ae a# 4i


8/25

Requirement 2:

The condition such as temperature and level control inside the reactor must

under control to activate the component to form methanol. Reactor inlet

temperature and the hot side exit temperature from the reactor must be adusted

to avoid condensation of the process fluid. The boiler feed !ater "#$%& functions

as to maintaining the condition inside the reactor. Therefore the !ater level in

the #$% also has to be controlled.

I# "rer !" 5r"%2e me!a#"46 !e i#2 "9ie a !e 2a!a48! i44 $e ae i#!" !e

rea2!i"# !" 5ee %5 !e rea2!i"#. I# "rer !" 4e! !e i#2 "9ie !" rea2!6 $e7"re i! 74"

i#!" !e rea2!"r6 !e !em5era!%re m%! %#er 2"#!r"4 !" a;"i rea2 5ea@ rea2!"r

!em5era!%re6 i2 i *''C. T" mai#!ai# !e !em5era!%re $e7"re i! e#!eri#& !e

rea2!"r6 !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"4 8!em a !" $e e! %5 $e7"re e#!eri#& !e rea2!"r !"

e#%re !e mi9!%re i ea!e !" a !em5era!%re 7"r !e rea2!i"# !" !a@e 54a2e. Li@eie6

i# "rer !" mai#!ai# e9i! ie !em5era!%re 7r"m !e rea2!"r6 a imi4ar !em5era!%re

2"#!r"4 8!em "%4 $e im54eme#!e a! !e e9i! ie "7 !e rea2!"r.

Fi&%re .3 : C"#!r"4 8!em "7 !e rea2!"r a# 2"#e#er.


9/25

Te !em5era!%re "7 !e mi9!%re a7!er 7ee=e774%e#! ea! e92a#&er >FEHE? i

mea%re $8 !e !em5era!%re &a%&e >TG?. 0e# !e !em5era!%re $e4" 1-'C6 !e

!em5era!%re !ra#mi!!er i44 !ra#mi! !e ia4 !" !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er >TC?

ere TC i44 &e#era!e !e err"r ia4 a# !ra#mi! !" 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er

>I/P?. Te I/P i 4a!er ire2!e !" !e a2!%a!e ;a4;e !a! 2"#!r"4 !e ea! e92a#&er

4"2a!e $e7"re !e mi9i#& !ream. 0e# !e !em5era!%re i !"" 4"6 !e# !e a2!%a!e

;a4;e i44 "5e# a%!"ma!i2a448 i2 a44" m"re ea! $ei#& %554ie !" !e 7ee !ream

!" ea! !e rea2!i"#. I7 !e mi9!%re " #"! rea2 !e eire !em5era!%re6 !e rea2!i"#

ma8 #"! $e 2"m54e!e $e2a%e !e mi9!%re rea2! i#ie !e rea2!"r a !ere i

i#%77i2ie#! e#er&8 !" ";er2"me !e a2!i;a!i"# e#er&8 !" 7"rm me!a#"4.

Fr"m Fi&%re .36 !" 2"#!r"4 !e !em5era!%re "7 !e rea2!"r6 !e !em5era!%re &a%&e >TG?

i i#!a44e a! !e "%!4e! 74" ra!e "7 !e !ream. I7 TG e!e2! !e !em5era!%re i e92ee

*''C6 TT i44 !ra#7er !e e4e2!ri2 ia4 !" !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er >TC?. TC i

!e# !ra#7er !e err"r ia4 !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P? !" 2a#&e !e

e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e ia4 !a! i reai48 re4eae !e 5re%re re4ie7 ;a4;e >P? !"

a44" !e !eam !" 74" "%!.

Te F0 i a2@e!e "%!ie "7 !e rea2!"r !" 2"#!r"4 !e !em5era!%re "7 !e rea2!"r.

Te a!er 74" !r"%& !e rea2!"r !" 2""4 "# "r mai#!ai# !e !em5era!%re !" a;"i

!e 2ri!i2a4 5ea@ !em5era!%re "7 *''C6 i2 !e !em5era!%re i44 e!r"8 !e

5r"5er!ie "7 !e 2"m5"%#. Te 2ri!i2a4 5ea@ !em5era!%re ma8 a77e2! !e 2a!a48!J i#2

"9ie 2a##"! 7%#2!i"# i# !e rea2!"r 7"r !e 5r"%2!i"# "7 me!a#"4. Te a!er 4e;e4 "7

F0 i e!e2!e $8 i#!a44i#& a 2"#!i#%"%=4e;e4 !ra#mi!!er >CLT?. I7 !e a!er 4e;e4

"7 !e $e4" !e 4e;e4 5"i#! e!6 LT i44 !ra#mi! !e err"r ia4 !" !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"44er

>LC? "5era!e !e 5#e%ma!i2 ;a4;e !" 2"#!r"44i#& !e 74" "7 a!er i# !e 8!em. 0e#

!e re


10/25

Requirement ':The temperature must be belo! '( ) before the first separation to ease the

further separation process.

Te 5r"%2!i"# 5r"2e "7 me!a#"4 i#;"4;e e5ara!i"#6 !ere7"re a# "5!im%m

!em5era!%re i im5"r!a#! i# !i 5r"2e. Te !em5era!%re m%! $e i& e#"%& !" a44"

!e i& ;"4a!i4e 4iTC?. I7 !e !em5era!%re e92ee 3) 6 !e# a# err"r ia4 i44

$e &e#era!e. Te &e#era!e err"r ia4 i44 $e !ra#mi!!e !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re


11/25

!ra#%2er >I/P? !" a44" 2"#;eri"# "7 ia4 !" !a@e 54a2e. Te re5"#i;e rea2!i"#

e# !e !em5era!%re e92ee 3) i !e ;a4;e a4"#& !e !ream i44 $e "5e#e !"

a44" !eam !" $e re4eae !" !e %rr"%#i#&.

Requirement *:The synthesis gas should be maintain at a desired composition to prevent the

system failure.

I7 !e 8#!ei &a 2"m5"i!i"# 2a#&e %2 !a! !i e4i2a!e !"i2i"me!ri2 $a4a#2e

#" 4"#&er "46 !e 2"m5"#e#!>? i# e92e i44 $%i4 %5 a# 5re%re i44 i#2reae

!e 8!em. Remem$er !a! !e 7ee i#!" !e 8!em i 74"=2"#!r"44e. Tere7"re6 a

!ra!e&8 !" a#4e !i 5r"$4em i re


12/25

Fi&%re .-: C"m5"i!i"# 2"#!r"44er 7"r i& ;"4a!i4e rea2!a#!

A 2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er >AT? i44 $e i#!a44e !e 2"m5"i!i"# "7 8#!ei &a. A

ia4 i44 $e e#! !" 2"m5"i!i"# 2"#!r"44er >CC?. Te ia4 i44 !e# $e e#! !" i&

e4e2!"r >HS?. A! !e ame !ime6 !ere i a 5re%re &a%&e >PG? mea%re !e 5re%re

"7 !e 8#!ei. Te ia4 mea%re $8 !e 5re%re &a%&e i44 $e 5re%re 2"#!r"44er

>PC?. A7!er !a!6 !e ia4 i44 $e !e i&er e4e2!"r. Te i& e#"r i44 2""e !e

ia4 i! i&e! ;a4%e. I7 !e 5re%re ia4 i !"" i&6 !e ia4 i44 $e e#! !"

!e air=!"="5e# ;a4;e. Te#6 !e 8!em i44 $e %! "#.

Requirement +:The level of mixture in separation column have be maintained at a desired level

to avoid overflo!.

Te 2"#!r"4 "7 4i


13/25

Fi&%re .: Le;e4 2"#!r"4 8!em 7"r e5ara!i"# 2"4%m# e2!i"#

A 4e;e4 e#"r >LS? i i#!a44e !" mea%re !e 4e;e4 "7 !e mi9!%re i# !e e5ara!"r.

Te mi9!%re i# !e e5ara!"r m%! $e mai#!ai#e a! a 2er!ai# 4e;e4 " !a! ";er74" "7

mi9!%re i44 #"! "22%r. A7!er !e 4e;e4 e#"r >LS? e#e !e 4e;e4 i# !e e5ara!"r6 i!

i44 e# ia4 !" !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"44er >LC?. Te ia4 i44 !e# $e e#! !" 2%rre#!=

!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P?. Te 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P? i44 a%! !e

"5e#i#& a# 24"i#& "7 !e ;a4;e e#e;er i! i #e2ear8. I7 !e mea%re 4e;e4 ;a4%ei i&er !a# !e e! 5"i#! ;a4%e6 !e ;a4;e i44 $e "5e#e6 a44"i#& m"re mi9!%re !"

74" !" !e i!i44a!i"# 2"4%m#. I7 !e mea%re 4e;e4 ;a4%e i 4e !a# !e e! 5"i#!

;a4%e6 !e ;a4;e i44 $e 24"e6 a# i! i44 ai! %#!i4 !e mi9!%re i 7i44e !" !e eire

4e;e46 $e7"re 4e!!i#& i! !" 74" !" !e i!i44a!i"# 2"4%m#.


14/25

Requirement ,:

The condition of the separator- $1 must be maintained due to mechanical

construction limit and pressure in $1. The pressure of the $1 must not exceed

2bar. The level control also have to be maintain to prevent dry up or overflo!.

Te a7e!8 2"#!rai#! i# !e F1 e5ara!"r i !e 5re%re i#ie !e rea2!"r m%! $e

mai#!ai#e $e4" $ar. Tere are !" 5"i$4e a8 !" 2"#!r"4 !e 5re%re i# !e

8!em i2 are !e 5re%re 2"#!r"4 i# !e "%!4e! !ream a# !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"4 i# !e

e5ara!"r. S" !e 8!em 2a# 2""e ei!er a4!er#a!i;e !" mai#!ai# !e 5re%re i# !e

e5ara!"r.

Fi&%re .(: C"#!r"4 8!em "7 !e Se5era!"r $e7"re i!i44a!i"#

Te 5re%re i mai#!ai#e $8 i#!a44i#& a 5re%re !ra#mi!!er >PT? a! !e e5ara!"r6

F1. I7 !e 5re%re "7 !e i#4e! !ream i i&er6 !e# !e PT i44 e# !e 2%rre#! ia4

!" !e 5re%re 2"#!r"44er >PC?. Te 5re%re 2"#!r"44er i44 &e#era!e a# err"r ia4

i#2e !e mea%re ;a4%e i i&er !a# !e e! 5"i#! ;a4%e. Te err"r ia4 i44 $e

!ra#mi!!e !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P? a! !e K74a !" 2a#&e !e

e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e ia4 !a! i reai48 !ra#mi!!e !" mi#imie !e 7ee 74" ra!e.

Ti a2!i"# i !" 5re;e#! 7%r!er 5re%re $%i4 %5 i# !e e5ara!"r. 0e# !e 5re%re

i# !e i#4e! !ream i $e4" !e e! 5"i#! ;a4%e6 !e ;a4;e i44 $e "5e#e $a2@ !" a44"

m"re 7ee !" 74" i#!" !e 8!em.


15/25

Te me!" "7 e!!i#& "7 4e;e4 2"#!r"4 8!em "# !i e5ara!"r K1 i i77ere#! 7r"m

!e rea2!"r me!" a !i 4e;e4 2"#!r"4 8!em i a 7ee 7"rar 2"#!r"44er. Te i&

4e;e4 !ra#mi!!er >HLT? %2 a a 74"a! i i#!a44e i# !e rea2!"r !" e!e2! !e a!er

4e;e4 i# !e 8!em. A22"ri#& !" !e 74"a! 5"i!i"#6 i! !e re5e2! !" eire 4e;e4 "7

!e a!er6 !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"44er >LC? "5era!e !e 5#e%ma!i2 ;a4;e 2"#!r"44i#& !e 74"

"7 a!er a! !e "%!4e! "7 !e 8!em. 0e# !e re


16/25

0e# !e i#2"mi#& 7ee 74" 7r"m !e 8!em i#!" !e i!i44a!e 2"4%m#6 a 74"

i#i2a!"r > FI ? i2 e!e2! !e 5r"5er!ie "7 !e 7ee 74". Te#6 !e 74" i#i2a!"r

> FI ? i44 e# a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e 74" 2"#!r"44er > FC ?. Te 74" 2"#!r"44er

i44 e# a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e OR Ga!e a7!er e!ermi#e !e 5r"5er!ie "7 !e 7ee

74". A! !e re74%9 !ream i#!" !e i!i44a!e 2"4%m#6 a 74" i#i2a!"r > FI ? a4" i#!a44e

!" e!e2! !e re74%9 74". Te 74" i#i2a!"r i44 e# a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e ra!i"

2"#!r"44er > RC ? i# "rer !" e!ermi#e !e ra!i" ra!e "7 !e re74%9 !ream. Te ra!i"

2"#!r"44er > RC ? i44 !e# e# "%! a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e OR Ga!e a7!er i!

e!ermi#e !e ra!i" ra!e "7 !e re74%9 !ream.

Te 5%r5"e "7 !e i#!a4me#! "7 !e OR Ga!e i !" 2"#!r"4 !e 2"#!r"44er i# a#8

i!%a!i"# i2 %#eire "%!2"me a55e#e. I7 !e 7ee 74" i#!" !e i!i44a!e

2"4%m# i i# %#eire 2"#i!i"# %2 a !e 74" 5r"5er!ie " #"! ma!2 i! !e

eire e! 5"i#! ;a4%e i2 e!e2!e $8 !e 74" 2"#!r"44er > FC ? i4e !e eire

2"#i!i"# "7 !e re74%9 !ream e!e2!e $8 !e ra!i" 2"#!r"44er > RC ?6 !e OR Ga!e i44

re2ei;e !" ia4 7r"m ea2 2"#!r"44er. A# err"r ia4 7r"m !e 74" 2"#!r"44er >

FC ? a# a ;a4i ia4 7r"m !e ra!i" 2"#!r"44er > RC ? e#! !" !e OR Ga!e. Te OR

Ga!e i44 a44" !e ia4 7r"m !e ra!i" 2"#!r"44er > RC ? !" 5r"2ee 7%r!er a#

i#i2a!e !ere i a# err"r 7"rm !e 74" i#i2a!"r > FC ? i2 !e# $4"2@e !e ia47r"m !e 74" 2"#!r"44er > FC ?. Te 7%#2!i"# "7 !e OR Ga!e "r@ 7"r !e ;i2e ;era

i!%a!i"# "r $"! 2"#!r"44er e# "%! ;a4i ia4. Te ia4 7r"m !e OR Ga!e i44

!e# !ra#mi!!e !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er > I/P ? !" 2"#;er! !e e4e2!ri2a4

ia4 i#!" 5re%re 7r"m !e ;a4;e !" a%! !e re74%9 74" %#!i4 ma!2e i! !e e!

5"i#! ;a4%e "7 !e i!i44a!e 2"4%m#.

Requirement (:

To maintain the do!n flo! of distillate column !ith adustment of reboiler and

control the level of do!n flo! of distillate column to obtain desired product flo!

rate.

A7!er !e re74%9 7r"m !e re74%9 r%m i#!" !e i!i44a!e 2"4%m#6 !e i!i44a!e 4i


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%5 !e i!i44a!e 4i TI ? i44 !e# !ra#mi! !e mea%re !em5era!%re ;a4%e !" !e !em5era!%re

2"#!r"44er > TC ? i# 7"rm "7 e4e2!ri2a4 ia4. Te !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er > TC ? i44

!e# !ra#mi! !e e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er > I/P ? !" a%!

!e ;a4;e. I7 !e !em5era!%re e!e2!e i !"" i& 7r"m !e eire e! 5"i#! !em5era!%re6

!e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er > TC ? i44 !ra#mi! a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=


18/25

5re%re !ra#%2er > I/P ? !" a%! !e ;a4;e re%2i#& !e 5"er "7 !e re$"i4er. T%6

a;"i ama&e !" !e i!i44a!e 4i LC ? i44 !e# !ra#mi! a# e4e2!ri2a4 ia4 !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er > I/P

? !" a%! !e ;a4;e. 0e# !e a!er 4e;e4 "7 !e i!i44a!e 4i CLT ? !" $e i#%77i2ie#! 2"m5are !"

eire e! 5"i#!6 !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"44er > LC ? i44 !e# re2ei;e a# err"r ia4 a#

!ra#mi! a ia4 !" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er > I/P ? !" 24"e !e ;a4;e. T%6

!e i2ar&e 74" "7 !e i!i44a!e 2"4%m# i !"55e %#!i4 !e eire e! 5"i#! a!er

4e;e4 "7 !e i!i44a!e 4i


19/25

Fi&%re .1': C"#!r"4 S8!em 7"r !e C"#e#er "7 i!i44a!e 5r"%2!

A 5re%re e#"r/!ra#mi!!er >PT? i %e !" mea%re !e ;a5"%r 5re%re "7 !e !"5

5r"%2! 4ea;i#& !e i!i44a!i"# 5r"%2!. A7!er !e ;a5"%r 5re%re i mea%re 7r"m

!e e#"r6 ia4 7r"m !e e#"r "%4 $e !ra#mi!!e !" !e 5re%re 2"#!r"44er

>PC?. Pre%re 2"#!r"44er 7%#2!i"# a 2"#!r"44er "7 !e ;a5"%r 5re%re ere i! i44 e!

!e ;a5"%r 5re%re !" a e!=5"i#! ;a4%e i7 !ere i a#8 2a#&e 7r"m !e 5re%re ;a4%e

!ra#mi!!e 7r"m !e e#"r. Sia4 7"r !e a2!i"# "7 a4!era!i"# rePC?

!" !e 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P?. Te 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P?

i44 a%! !e "5e#i#& a# 24"i#& "7 !e ;a4;e "7 !e !eam 74". I7 !e mea%re

5re%re i i&er !a# !e e!=5"i#! ;a4%e6 !e ;a4;e i44 $e "5e# !" a44" m"re !eam

!" 74" "%!6 a44"i#& m"re 2""4i#& a!er !" $e %e i# !e 2"#e#er !" 2"#;er! m"re

;a5"%r i#!" 4i


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Requirement 13:

The condensed liquid flo! from the condenser and stored into a reflux drum.

Reflux drum is a container to hold the condensed liquid from the condenser and

act as a distribution point for reflux and distillate. Reflux is part of the condensed

liquid to be recycled back to the top of distillation column !here it flo!s

do!n!ard to provide cooling and condensation of the upflo!ing vapour.

4istillate is the condensed liquid that is removed from the system as top product.

Therefore- the fluid level control is important in the reflux drum. 0ccumulation

of condensed liquid in the reflux drum !ill cause damage to the machine !hich

!ill lead to inadequate distribution of reflux may cause expensive operating

problems as !ell as product degradation. The fluid level control system is set

according to the $igure 2.11.

Fi&%re .11: Le;e4 2"#!r"4 8!em 7"r !e Re74%9 r%m

A 2"#!i#%"% 4e;e4 e#"r/!ra#mi!!er >CLT? i %e i# !e 2"#!r"4 8!em ere i! i

a$4e !" e#e !e 4iCLT? "%4 $e !ra#mi!!e !" !e 4e;e4 2"#!r"44er >LC?. Te

2"#!r"44er e45 !" 2"#!r"4 !e 4i


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!ra#%2er >I/P?. Te 2%rre#!=!"=5re%re !ra#%2er >I/P? i44 a%! !e "5e#i#& a#

24"i#& "7 !e ;a4;e "7 !e i!i44a!e 74". 0e# !e 4i


22/25

I! i %&&e!e !a! !e !erm"2"%54e ire "%4 $e !e !ra#mi!!er >TT? %e !" i! a

i& ra#&e a# i! ma9im%m !em5era!%re !a! 2a# mea%re i i&er !a# *''. 0e#

!e !em5era!%re i i&er !a# *'' i! i44 2"#;er! !e 2%rre#! !em5era!%re "7 !e

rea2!"r a# !ra#mi! i! !" !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er6 !e !em5era!%re 2"#!r"44er !e#

e2ie a# !ra#mi! !e e2ii"# !" !e !ra#%2er. Te ia4 i 2"#;er!e $8 !e IP

!ra#%2er !" !e C"#!r"4 a4;e i# "rer !" mai#!ai# !e !em5era!%re $a2@ !" *''

e9a2!48. Te 8r"&e# &a >H? a# !e me!a#e >CH*?6 i2 i 5ar! "7 !e 7ee "r

8#&a 7"r !e me!a#"4 5r"%2!i"#6 a;e a 2emi2a4 aar"% 5r"5er!ie "7

74amma$4e a# e954"i;e. Te 8r"&e# &a i44 5"e a# immeia!e 7ire a# e954"e

e# i! 2"#2e#!ra!i"# e92ee *+ a# !e me!a#e i44 5"e a# immeia!e 7ire a#

e954"e e# i! 2"#2e#!ra!i"# e92ee -+ a# i! i mi9e i! !e air. Te 2"#!r"4

8!em "7 2"m5"i!i"# "%4 $e a554ie !" !e 7ee !ream !" a;"i a#8 %#a#!e

2"#ee5e2ia448 H8r"&e# a#

Me!a#e? are i77ere#! 7r"m !e e! 5"i#! "r %e# 2a#&e i# !e 2"m5"i!i"# !e

2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er i44 !e# 2"#;er! a# !ra#mi! !e ia4 !" !e 2"m5"i!i"#

a#a48er 2"#!r"44er. Te 2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er 2"#!r"44er i44 e# !e e2ii"# ia4

!" !e IP !ra#%2er " !a! !e IP !ra#%2er 2a# 2"#!r"4 !e C"#!r"4 ;a4;e !" mai#!ai#

"r a%! $a2@ !" !e a2!%a4 2"m5"i!i"# "7 !e 7ee.


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Fi&%re 3.3: C"m5"i!i"# / C"#2e#!ra!i"# e!e2!"r i! a4arm

eie !e 2"#!r"4 8!em "# i# Fi&%re 3.6 !e 2"#!r"4 8!em 7"r !e 2"m5"i!i"#

!" a;"i a#8 e954"i"# 2a# a4" $e e!=%5 a "# i# Fi&%re 3.3.0e# !ere i err"r

"r 2a#&e i# !e 2"m5"i!i"#6 !e 2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er !ra#mi!!er i44 2"#;er! a#

!ra#mi! !e ia4 !" !e 2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er 2"#!r"44er. Te 2"m5"i!i"# a#a48er

2"#!r"44er i44 !ra#mi! !e e2ii"# !" !e IP i#%2er " !a! IP i#%2er 2a# ma@e !e

a4arm ri#&. Te ri#&i#& a4arm i44 &e! !e a!!e#!i"# "7 !e "r@er " !a! !e "r@er

2a# 2e2@ !e 2"#i!i"# "7 !e S8#&a a4"#& i! !e "4e 5r"%2!i"#.

Fr"m !e 5r"2e 74" ia&ram "7 me!a#"4 5r"%2!i"#6 e 2a# a8 !a! ma#8 5ar! "7

!e 5r"%2!i"# 5r"2e i#;"4;e a# a4" re%4! i# i& 5re%re a4"#& i! ma#8 ea!

e92a#&er6 5%m56 a# a4" 2"m5re"r !a! i44 i#2reae !e 5re%re. Te i&e!

5re%re i#;"4;e i# !e 5r"%2!i"# i 11' $ar. Te i& 5re%re i# !e 5r"2e ma8

2a%e !e 4ea@a&e "7 !e 5i5e !ream6 a# m"re eri"% e954"i"# ma8 "22%r. A

#%m$er "7 5re%re i#i2a!"r "r 5re%re &a%&e i re2"mme#e !" e!=%5 i# "me 5i5e

!ream >i& 5re%re? a4"#& i! 5re%re i!2 !a! !e 7i#a4 2"#!r"4 e4eme#! i

5re%re re4ie7 ;a4;e "r a4arm i# "rer !" mai#!ai# a# #"! !" 4e! !e 5re%re !" a;e

7%r!er i#2reae i# !e 5r"%2!i"#.


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I# 2"#24%i"#6 a44 !e 2"#!r"4 8!em re


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