micrornas in molecular medicine - lc sciences llc · wl, massagué j. endogenous human micrornas...

1
microRNAs in Molecular Medicine microRNAs in Molecular Medicine microRNAs in Molecular Medicine Selected Publications by LC Sciences’ Customers Selected Publications by LC Sciences Customers Selected Publications by LC Sciences Customers LC Sciences LLC LC Sciences, LLC Xiaolian Gao PhD Christoph Eicken PhD 2575 W. Bellfort, Suite 270, Houston, TX 77054 Xiaolian Gao, PhD Christoph Eicken, PhD Xi h Zh PhD Chi H b l Tel 713 664-7087 Fax 713 664-8181 Xiaochuan Zhou, PhD Chris Hebel Tel. 713 664-7087, Fax 713 664-8181 Molecular Diagnostics / Biomarkers Identification of specific Drug Discovery / Therapeutics Identification of miRNAs Molecular Diagnostics / Biomarkers Identification of specific Drug Discovery / Therapeutics Identification of miRNAs iRNA iRNA i b di t th t t bi k th t l ti l l i di t t d ibl th ti miRNAs or miRNA expression based signatures that can act as biomarkers that play essential roles in disease to act as drugs or possible therapeutic f i di / th l i t t i hibit for various diseases/pathologies. targets inhibitors. 1 Make accurate and detailed clinical diagnosis 1 miRNAs as tumor suppressor drugs 1. Make accurate and detailed clinical diagnosis 1. miRNAs as tumor suppressor drugs 2. Determine prognosis and predict treatment efficacy 2. miRNAs as drug targets 3 M it d th h lth ff t f i tl d th t i t 3 St d f iRNA t d t dh / di it 3. Monitor and assess the health effects of environmental and other toxicants 3. Study of miRNAs to understand chemo/radio resistance Send Me This Poster DIAGNOSIS TUMOR SUPPRESSORS Send Me This Poster DIAGNOSIS TUMOR SUPPRESSORS Identification of a miRNA signature of miRNA expression patterns can distinguish miR215 is a tumour suppressor in renal cell Endogenous human miRNAs that suppress Identification of a miRNA signature of li h i f i ij miRNA expression patterns can distinguish b l ll i b miR215 is a tumour suppressor in renal cell i i Endogenous human miRNAs that suppress b i renal ischemia reperfusion injury between renal cell carcinoma subtypes carcinoma metastasis breast cancer metastasis Renal ischemia f Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) d ff Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) h Although metastasis is h hl reperfusion injury (IRI) i itd encompasses different hi t l i bt is the most common l f th d lt the overwhelming cause f t lit i ti t (IRI) is associated with significant histologic subtypes. Distinguishing between neoplasm of the adult kidney Metastatic RCC is of mortality in patients with solid tumours our with significant morbidity and Distinguishing between the subtypes is usually kidney. Metastatic RCC is difficult to treat The 5with solid tumours, our understanding of its morbidity and mortality the subtypes is usually made by morphologic difficult to treat. The 5year survival rate for understanding of its molecular and cellular mortality. made by morphologic assessment, which is not year survival rate for metastatic RCC is 10%. molecular and cellular determinants is limited. miRNA expression assessment, which is not always accurate. metastatic RCC is 10%. determinants is limited. profiling conducted Performed a miRNA Microarray based miRNA on RNA prepared A total of 94 different microarray to identify a profiling of highly from IRI, sham, and kd f subtype cases were l d miRNA signature h f metastatic human breast ll d naive kidneys of mice ld i analyzed. miRNA i l i characteristic of t t ti d ith cancer cell derivatives h i ld d t f revealed nine miRNAs that are microarray analysis was performed on fresh frozen metastatic compared with primary RCCs and has yielded a set of miRNAs for which miRNAs that are differentially performed on fresh frozen tissues of three common primary RCCs and validated results by qRTmiRNAs for which expression is specifically differentially expressed following tissues of three common RCC subtypes (clear cell validated results by qRTPCR Identified miR215 as expression is specifically lost as human breast expressed following IRI when compared RCC subtypes (clear cell, chromophobe, and PCR. Identified miR 215 as significant and performed lost as human breast cancer cells develop IRI when compared with sham controls. chromophobe, and papillary) and on significant and performed experimental and cancer cells develop metastatic potential. Fig 1 miR126 suppresses overall tumour growth and lif ti h iR 335 d iR 206 lt oncocytoma. Results were bioinformatic analyses to proliferation whereas miR335 and miR206 regulate migration and morphology (A) Tumour volumes in The differentially validated on the original explore the involvement Results show that migration and morphology. (A) Tumour volumes in LM2 cells expressing individual miRNAs or the control expressed miRNAs ld b l d as well as on an d d f Fig 1 A hierarchic cluster heat map showing diff ti l iRNA i i l kid Fig 1 Identification of a miRNA signature following renal IRI. of miR215 in RCC d restoring the expression fh hairpin measured over time. (B) Viable cells in LM2 or could be placed into f b d independent set of t i RT PCR differential miRNA expression in normal kidney, oncocytoma and different RCC subtypes (A) Heat map of miRNAs differentially expressed in the kidneys f i ft IRI h ti (B) Pl t f b progression and t t i Fig 1 miR215 has a negative effect on cellular of these miRNAs in li t ll primary breast cancer line CN34BoM1 expressing miR126 iR 335 iR 206 d t l ll (C) P tl four groups based on their expression tumours, using qRTPCR analysis with miRNA oncocytoma, and different RCC subtypes. The clustering of the different sample types by of mice after IRI or sham operation. (B) Plots of above microarray data expressed as the mean signal intensity ± SE metastasis. Fig 1 miR 215 has a negative effect on cellular migration and invasion. (A) Representative malignant cells suppresses lung and 126, miR335 or miR206 and control cells (C) Parental MDAMB231 cells and lung metastatic LM2 cells their expression patterns These analysis with miRNA specific primers The clustering of the different sample types by expression pattern is clear. microarray data expressed as the mean signal intensity ± SE. The differentially expressed miRNAs could be placed into four Results show that miR215 photomicrographs (B) Cell migration (C) Cells f d ih i 21 h dd d ll l suppresses lung and bone metastasis by MDA MB 231 cells and lung metastatic LM2 cells stained with the actin marker phalloidin. (D) Transwell patterns. These findings define a specific primers. The differentially expressed miRNAs could be placed into four groups based on their expression patterns following IRI: group 1 Results show that miR215 can affect metastatic transfected with miR215 showed decreased cellular invasion after 22 h (D) Decreased protein expression bone metastasis by human cancer cells in migration of LM2 and CN34BoM1 cells transduced with findings define a molecular fingerprint Developed a classification groups based on their expression patterns following IRI: group 1 was rapidly upregulated, group 2 also upregulated, group 3 can affect metastatic potential and invasion after 22 h. (D) Decreased protein expression in cells that were transfected with miR215. human cancer cells in vivo. miR126 restoration miRNAs or a control hairpin. molecular fingerprint of renal injury. Developed a classification system that can YM Youssef, N White, J Grigull, A Krizova, C Samy et was rapidly downregulated, group 4 was also downregulated. potential and demonstrate that in cells that were transfected with miR 215. vivo. miR 126 restoration reduces overall tumour distinguish the different al. (2011) Accurate Molecular Classification of Kidney Cancer Subtypes Using MicroRNA overexpression of miR215 Whit NM Kh ll HW G i ll J Ad iSY fYM H growth and proliferation, Godwin JG, Ge X, Stephan K, Jurisch A, Tullius SG, Iacomini J. ( ) RCC subtypes using Signature. European Urology 59(5), 72130. decreased cellular White NM, Khella HW, Grigull J, Adzovic S, Youssef YM, Honey RJ, Stewart R, Pace KT, Bjarnason GA, Jewett MA, Evans AJ, G b ilM Y f GM (2011) iRNA fili i t t ti whereas miR335 inhibits Tavazoie SF, Alarcón C, Oskarsson T, Padua D, Wang Q, Bos PD, Gerald WL M é J (2008) Ed h i RNA th t (2010) Identification of a microRNA signature of renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(32), unique miRNA signatures. migration and invasion in ll l dl Gabril M, Yousef GM. (2011) miRNA profiling in metastatic renal cell carcinoma reveals a tumoursuppressor effect for iR 215 B JC 105(11) 1741 49 metastatic cell invasion. WL, Massagué J. (2008) Endogenous human microRNAs that suppress breast cancer metastasis. Nature 451(7175), 14752 1433944. an RCC cell line model. miR215. Br J Cancer 105(11), 174149.. PROGNOSIS DRUG TARGETS PROGNOSIS DRUG TARGETS miRNA profiling of plasma may provide a miR150 as a potential biomarker associated Modulating miR21 expression via antisenseDownregulation of miRNA29 by antisense miRNA profiling of plasma may provide a l l i f i miR150 as a potential biomarker associated ih i dh i i Modulating miR21 expression via antisensedi dd l i (k kd )h d i ifi Downregulation of miRNA29 by antisense i hibi i di l molecular signature for tumor aggressiveness with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in mediated depletion (knockdown) had a significant inhibitors protects against myocardial in pancreatic cancer colorectal cancer negative effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ischaemiareperfusion injury in pancreatic cancer colorectal cancer negative effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. ischaemiareperfusion injury Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the ll i l Up to 90% of patients with l l (CRC) Using microarray analysis, d dh Pioglitazone (PIO), a i lif poorest overall survival rate ll h colorectal cancer (CRC) can b db if th we demonstrated that iRNA b tl peroxisome proliferatorti td t (PPAR) among all human cancers because of late diagnosis and be cured by surgery if the disease is detected at an miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in hypertrophic activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist protects against because of late diagnosis and absence of screening tools disease is detected at an early stage However it is expressed in hypertrophic mouse hearts miR21 was agonist, protects against myocardial ischaemiaabsence of screening tools. early stage. However, it is often diagnosed only at an mouse hearts. miR21 was significantly dysregulated myocardial ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury. Compared the expression profile often diagnosed only at an advanced stage and the significantly dysregulated (more than fourfold reperfusion (IR) injury. of miRNAs in the plasma of prognosis is therefore poor. increase) when compared Evaluated the expression patients diagnosed with PC with the sham surgical changes of miRNAs in the (n=50) with healthy volunteers Performed global analysis of group. rat heart after PIO (n=10). 37 iRNA d l d miRNA expression profiles of l l li A iR 21 i hibi 2’OM administration using iRNA df d 37 miRNAs downregulated 54 iRNA ltd normal colorectal tissues, l tl d ti A miR21 inhibitor, 2’OMeiR 21 d d iR 21 miRNA arrays and found th t iR 29 d l l 54 miRNAs upregulated colorectal adenoma tissues and CRC tissues by miRNA miR21, decreased miR21 levels and inhibited myocyte that miR29a and c levels decreased remarkably after Expression of miR21 was and CRC tissues by miRNA microarray levels and inhibited myocyte hypertrophy stimulated by decreased remarkably after 7day treatment with PIO Expression of miR21 was correlated with worse survival microarray. hypertrophy stimulated by either Ang II or PE. In 7day treatment with PIO. correlated with worse survival Expression of let7 was miR150 expression either Ang II or PE. In contrast, control oligos Antagomirs against miRFig 1 miRNA expression and survival (A) Box plot ti th i f iRNA inversely correlated with decreased with the transition (2’OMeEGFP) had no effect 29a or 29c significantly representing the expression of seven miRNAs as assessed by qRTPCR (B) KaplanMeier curves and survival from normal mucosa to CRC on miR21 expression and reduced myocardial infarct assessed by qRT PCR. (B) Kaplan Meier curves and logrank tests for miR21 expression and patient miR21 family was markedly in parallel with increasing Fi 1 E i l l f iR 150 i l l cell hypertrophy. size and apoptosis in hearts survival. (C) KaplanMeier curves and logrank tests overexpressed in chemoi PC ll li carcinogenesis of the l li Fig 1 Expression levels of miR150 in colorectal cancer (CRC) adenoma and normal colorectal tissue (A) (B) μParaflo R l h iRNA subjected to IR injury. for let7d expression and patient survival. resistant PC cell lines colorectal tissue. (CRC), adenoma and normal colorectal tissue. (A) (B) μParaflo miRNA microarray assay showed that the expression of miRResults suggest that miRNAs i l di di Th fi di h th t Fig 1 (A) Relative expression of miR29a 16 h after the thi d i j ti f t i( t 29 ) i These results suggest that higher expression of iR 21 ld bi k f Results suggest that identifying Found that the miR 150 150 levels in normal colorectal tissue, adenoma tissue and are involved in cardiac hypertrophy formation Fig 1 The effect of miR21 inhibitor 2OMemiR21 on These finding show that modulation of miRNAs can third injection of antagomir (anta29a) or missense antagomir (misanta29) (B) Relative expression of miR29c miR21 could serve as a biomarker for worse survival of PC patients and thus could serves as an Results suggest that identifying and validating the expression of Found that the miR150 expression status of patients CRC tissue decreased with the progression of carcinogenesis f l l li d i CRC (C) A hypertrophy formation. miRNAs might be a new Fig 1 The effect of miR 21 inhibitor 2OMe miR 21 on miR21 expression in cultured cardiac myocytes with modulation of miRNAs can be achieved by antagomir (misanta 29). (B) Relative expression of miR 29c 16 h after the third injection. (C) Effect of anta29a, antasurvival of PC patients, and thus could serves as an important prognostic marker. and validating the expression of miRNAs in newly diagnosed expression status of patients with CRC is associated with from normal colorectal tissue to adenoma tissue to CRC. (C) A validation experiment was carried out using quantitative miRNAs might be a new therapeutic target for hypertrophy. (A) Transfection of miR21 inhibitor (2’OM iR 21) d l li (2’OM EGFP) be achieved by pharmacological 29c, and misanta29 on myocardial IS. (D) % of TUNELmiRNAs in newly diagnosed patients could serve as potential with CRC is associated with survival and response to validation experiment was carried out using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRTPCR) which also showed that therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases (2’OMemiR21) and control oligo (2’OMeEGFP) labeled with a fluorescent dye (red color) into the pharmacological intervention and provide a positivestained cardiomyocytes in the ischaemic area of t i t td i h t bj t dt IR (E) biomarker for tumor adjuvant chemotherapy is the expression of miR150 decreased with the transition from involving cardiac labeled with a fluorescent dye (red color) into the cultured cardiac myocytes. (B) The effects of miR21 rationale for the antagomirpretreated mice hearts subjected to IR. (E) Representative staining pattern Arrows indicate TUNELaggressiveness, and such miRNAs Ali S, Almhanna K, Chen W, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. (2010) therefore a potential normal mucosa via adenoma tissue to CRC tissue. hypertrophy such as cultured cardiac myocytes. (B) The effects of miR 21 inhibitor on the expression levels of miR21 in cultured development of miRNARepresentative staining pattern. Arrows indicate TUNEL positive nuclei which are stained blue. could be useful for the screening Differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma may provide a molecular signature for aggressive pancreatic cancer. Am J () biomarker associated with M Y Zh PW F Zh HY JP J Li W hypertension, ischemic heart cardiac myocytes with hypertrophy. based strategies for the of highrisk patients. Transl Res 3(1), 2847. the prognosis and h i i CRC Ma Y, Zhang P, Wang F, Zhang H, Yang J, Peng J, Liu W, Qin H. (2011) miR150 as a potential biomarker itd ith i d th ti t i disease, valvular diseases, d d i di d Cheng Y, Ji R, Yue J, Yang J, Liu X, Chen H, Dean DB, Zhang C. (2007) attenuation of IR injury. Ye Y, Hu Z, Lin Y, Zhang C, PerezPolo JR. (2010) Downregulation of microRNA29 by antisense inhibitors therapeutic outcome in CRC. associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colorectal cancer. Gut [Epub ahead of print]. and endocrine disorders. Cheng Y, Ji R, Yue J, Yang J, Liu X, Chen H, Dean DB, Zhang C. (2007) MicroRNAs Are Aberrantly Expressed in Hypertrophic Heart. Do They Play a Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy? Am J Pathol 170(6), 183140. Downregulation of microRNA 29 by antisense inhibitors and a PPAR{gamma} agonist protects against myocardial ischaemiareperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 87(3), 53544. Play a Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy? Am J Pathol 170(6), 1831 40. ischaemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 87(3), 535 44. TOXICITY RESISTANCE i i fil di i ihh i i b d bi k f h fi di id h i i i lh i TOXICITY RESISTANCE miRNA expression profiles distinguish the miRNAs expression can be used as biomarkers of The first direct evidence that miRNAs can Restoring miR342 a novel therapeutic carcinogenic effects of riddelliine in rat liver chemical exposure in risk assessment of chemical suppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic approach to sensitizing and suppressing the carcinogenic effects of riddelliine in rat liver chemical exposure in risk assessment of chemical i i suppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic h approach to sensitizing and suppressing the h f if i b carcinogenesis therapy growth of tamoxifen resistant breast tumors A l d iRNA i fil P li idi lk l id (PA ) T ll i i T i h l i Analyzed miRNA expression profiles of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the most common Tumor cells use preexisting prosurvival signaling pathways to Tumor resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulator of human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells expressing an oncogenic allele are the most common plant constituents that prosurvival signaling pathways to evade the damaging and cytotoxic estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen remains a serious cells expressing an oncogenic allele of HRas (HBER) at different stages of plant constituents that poison livestock wildlife evade the damaging and cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents tamoxifen remains a serious clinical problem especially in of H Ras (HBER) at different stages of transformation induced by poison livestock, wildlife and humans. Riddelliine is effects of anticancer agents. Radiation therapy is a primary form clinical problem especially in patients with tumors that also transformation induced by benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by miRNA and humans. Riddelliine is a genotoxic PA. Radiation therapy is a primary form of cytotoxic anticancer treatment, patients with tumors that also overexpress HER2. However, a array. but agents that successfully modify unifying molecular mechanism of Analysis with microarrays the radiation response in vivo are tamoxifen resistance has remained Revealed 12 miRNAs differentially showed that the miRNA lacking. elusive. expressed in HBER cells at both pref d d f d expression profiles were l l l ifi d i iRNA i dh A l d lil ll dl f transformed and transformed stages. The expression of miR 638 in HBER clearly classified into two groups riddelliine miRNA microarrays compared the relative levels of cellular miRNAs Analyzed multiple cell models of tamoxifen resistance derived from The expression of miR638 in HBER cells increased upon treatment of groups, riddelliine treatment versus other relative levels of cellular miRNAs before and after radiation Found tamoxifen resistance derived from MCF 7 cells to examine the cells increased upon treatment of BaP in a dosedependent manner treatment versus other samples 47 miRNAs were Fig 1 PCA and HCA of miRNA expression levels in before and after radiation. Found that the let7 family of miRNAs is MCF7 cells to examine the influence of miRNAs on tamoxifen BaP in a dose dependent manner. samples. 47 miRNAs were significantly dysregulated Fig 1 PCA and HCA of miRNA expression levels in rat liver samples from riddelliine, aristolochic acid that the let 7 family of miRNAs is overrepresented in a class of influence of miRNAs on tamoxifen resistance. Observed significant The expression of miR638 was also significantly dysregulated by riddelliine treatment. and control treatments showing the global effects overrepresented in a class of miRNAs exhibiting altered Fig 1 Restored miR342 expression sensitizes resistance. Observed significant and dramatic downregulation of examined in peripheral lymphocytes of chemical treatment on miRNA expression in rat li expression in response to radiation. Fig 1 Restored miR 342 expression sensitizes resistant cells to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen miR342 in tamoxifen resistant from 86 polycyclic aromatic Results suggest that liver. Fig 1 Dosedependent and time course of Created a radiosensitive state by resistant cell lines were transfected with f i l 20 f MCF7 variant cell lines. Restoring hydrocarbons (PAHs)exposed (PE) miRNAs actively respond to (A) The principal component analysis (PCA). The red, Fig 1 Dose dependent and time course of miR638 expression in HBER cells treated overexpressing the select let7 transfection reagent alone, 20 nM of scrambled precursor negative control (miR miR342 expression in the cell workers. The average expression l l f iR 638 i ih l a mutagenic dose of idd llii dh purple and blue circles denote the samples from with BaP. The fold changes of miR638 i l l l i h l family of miRNAs in vitro in lung ll h d i scrambled precursor negative control (miRNC), or 20 nM of miR3423p precursor (miRlines sensitized these cells to if id d i ih level of miR638 in peripheral lymphocytes from 86 PE workers riddelliine and the pattern of miRNA expression has riddelliine, and control treatments, respectively. (B) Th hi hll t i l i (HCA) Th expression levels relative to the control (DMSO) in HBER cells (A) or HBE cells (C) after cancer cells, whereas decreasing their levels causes radioresistance NC), or 20 nM of miR 342 3p precursor (miR 342). At 24 hr posttransfection cells were tamoxifeninduced apoptosis with a dramatic reduction in cell lymphocytes from 86 PE workers increased by 72% compared with of miRNA expression has the potential to be used as The hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA). The riddelliine samples clearly cluster together (DMSO) in HBER cells (A) or HBE cells (C) after treated with BaP. miR638 expression was their levels causes radioresistance. Fi 1 R l ti l l f th lt 7f il iRNA treated for 96 hr with 100 pM of E2 alone or i bi i ih10 () a dramatic reduction in cell growth increased by 72% compared with control group the potential to be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity riddelliine samples clearly cluster together. treated with BaP. miR 638 expression was also detected in HBER (B) or HBE (D) cells These findings are the first direct Fig 1 Relative levels of the let7 family miRNAs change significantly over time after irradiation in combination with 1.0 μM TAM. (A) MTT assay was used to measure proliferation as a growth. control group. a biomarker of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity for treated with BaP. These findings are the first direct evidence that miRNAs can suppress change significantly over time after irradiation. (A) Microarray expression results of irradiated assay was used to measure proliferation as a function of metabolism, (B) apoptosis was These findings suggest that miRThe upregulation of miR638 in PE and carcinogenicity for riddelliine and possibly evidence that miRNAs can suppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic A549 cells. (B) Expression of let7 miRNAs in an function of metabolism, (B) apoptosis was assayed by cell death ELISA, or (C) cells were These findings suggest that miR 342 regulates tamoxifen response workers, which leads to an inhibition ( ) other PAs. Li D et al (2011) Aberrant Expression of miR 638 Contributes to therapy, a common feature of irradiated normal lung epithelial line, CRL2741. (C) R l ti PCR lt stained with DAPI and propidium iodide (PI). in breast tumor cell lines and our of the cellular repair system, Chen T, Li Z, Yan J, Yang X, Salminen W. (2011) MicroRNA expression profiles distinguish the carcinogenic effects of () Li D et al. (2011) Aberrant Expression of miR638 Contributes to Benzo(a)pyreneinduced Human Cell Transformation. Toxicol Sci 125(2) 382 91 cancer cells, and suggest that (C) Realtime PCR results. clinical data indicates a trend indicates that miR638 is a good riddelliine in rat liver. Mutagenesis 27(1), 5966. 125(2),38291. miRNAs may be a viable tool to Weidhaas JB, Babar I, Nallur SM, Trang P, Roush S, Boehm M, Gillespie E, Cittelly DM, Das PM, Spoelstra NS, Edgerton SM, Richer JK, Thor AD, Jones FE. (2010) Downregulation of miR342 is towards reduced miR342 biomarker for evaluation of i l h i l augment current cancer therapies. Slack FJ. (2007) MicroRNAs as potential agents to alter resistance to cytotoxic anticancer therapy. Cancer Res 67(23), 1111116. Associated with Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Tumors. Mol Cancer 9(1), 317. expression and tamoxifen i environmental chemical exposure. resistance. 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Page 1: microRNAs in Molecular Medicine - LC Sciences LLC · WL, Massagué J. Endogenous human microRNAs that suppress breast cancer metastasis. Nature451(7175), 147‐52 14339‐44. an RCC

microRNAs in Molecular MedicinemicroRNAs in Molecular MedicinemicroRNAs in Molecular MedicineSelected Publications by LC Sciences’ CustomersSelected Publications by LC Sciences CustomersSelected Publications by LC Sciences Customers

LC Sciences LLCLC Sciences, LLCXiaolian Gao PhD Christoph Eicken PhD2575 W. Bellfort, Suite 270, Houston, TX 77054 Xiaolian Gao, PhD Christoph Eicken, PhDXi h Zh PhD Ch i H b l

, , ,Tel 713 664-7087 Fax 713 664-8181 Xiaochuan Zhou, PhD Chris Hebel Tel. 713 664-7087, Fax 713 664-8181

Molecular Diagnostics / Biomarkers Identification of specific Drug Discovery / Therapeutics Identification of miRNAsMolecular Diagnostics / Biomarkers – Identification of specific  Drug Discovery / Therapeutics – Identification of miRNAs g / p

iRNA iRNA i b d i t th t t bi k

g y / pth t l ti l l i di t t d ibl th timiRNAs or miRNA expression based signatures that can act as biomarkers  that play essential roles in disease to act as drugs or possible therapeutic p g

f i di / th l ip y g p p

t t i hibitfor various diseases/pathologies.  targets inhibitors. /p g g

1 Make accurate and detailed clinical diagnosis 1 miRNAs as tumor suppressor drugs1. Make accurate and detailed clinical diagnosis 1. miRNAs as tumor suppressor drugs

2. Determine prognosis and predict treatment efficacy 2. miRNAs as drug targetsp g p y

3 M it d th h lth ff t f i t l d th t i t

g g

3 St d f iRNA t d t d h / di i t3. Monitor and assess the health effects of environmental and other toxicants  3. Study of miRNAs to understand chemo/radio resistance Send Me This PosterDIAGNOSIS TUMOR SUPPRESSORS

Send Me This PosterDIAGNOSIS TUMOR SUPPRESSORS

Identification of a miRNA signature of miRNA expression patterns can distinguish miR‐215 is a tumour suppressor in renal cell Endogenous human miRNAs that suppressIdentification of a miRNA signature of l i h i f i i j

miRNA expression patterns can distinguish b l ll i b

miR‐215 is a tumour suppressor in renal cell i i

Endogenous human miRNAs that suppress b irenal ischemia reperfusion injury between renal cell carcinoma subtypes carcinoma metastasis breast cancer metastasisp j y yp

Renal ischemia f

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) d ff

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) h

Although metastasis is h h lreperfusion injury 

(IRI) i i t dencompasses different hi t l i bt

is the most common l f th d lt

the overwhelming cause f t lit i ti t(IRI) is associated 

with significanthistologic subtypes. Distinguishing between

neoplasm of the adult kidney Metastatic RCC is

of mortality in patients with solid tumours ourwith significant 

morbidity andDistinguishing between the subtypes is usually

kidney. Metastatic RCC is difficult to treat The 5‐

with solid tumours, our understanding of itsmorbidity and 

mortalitythe subtypes is usually made by morphologic

difficult to treat. The 5‐year survival rate for

understanding of its molecular and cellularmortality.  made by morphologic 

assessment, which is notyear survival rate for metastatic RCC is ≤10%.

molecular and cellular determinants is limited.

miRNA expression assessment, which is not always accurate.

metastatic RCC is ≤10%.  determinants is limited.p

profiling conducted y

Performed a miRNA  Microarray based miRNA on RNA prepared  A total of 94 different  microarray to identify a  profiling of highly from IRI, sham, and 

k d fsubtype cases were 

l dmiRNA signature h f

metastatic human breast ll dnaive kidneys of mice 

l d ianalyzed. miRNA i l i

characteristic of t t ti d ith

cancer cell derivatives h i ld d t frevealed nine 

miRNAs that aremicroarray analysis was performed on fresh frozen

metastatic compared with primary RCCs and

has yielded a set of miRNAs for whichmiRNAs that are 

differentiallyperformed on fresh frozen tissues of three common

primary RCCs and validated results by qRT‐

miRNAs for which expression is specificallydifferentially 

expressed followingtissues of three common RCC subtypes (clear cell

validated results by qRT‐PCR Identified miR‐215 as

expression is specifically lost as human breastexpressed following 

IRI when comparedRCC subtypes (clear cell, chromophobe, and

PCR. Identified miR 215 as significant and performed

lost as human breast cancer cells developIRI when compared 

with sham controls. chromophobe, and papillary) and on 

significant and performed experimental and 

cancer cells develop metastatic potential. 

Fig 1 ‐miR‐126 suppresses overall tumour growth and lif ti h iR 335 d iR 206 l t

p p y)oncocytoma. Results were 

pbioinformatic analyses to 

pproliferation whereas miR‐335 and miR‐206 regulate migration and morphology (A) Tumour volumes in

The differentially  validated on the original  explore the involvement  Results show that migration and morphology. (A) Tumour volumes in LM2 cells expressing individual miRNAs or the control 

expressed miRNAs ld b l d

as well as on an d d f

Fig 1 ‐ A hierarchic cluster heat map showing diff ti l iRNA i i l kid

Fig 1 ‐ Identification of a miRNA signature following renal IRI.  of miR‐215 in RCC d

restoring the expression f h

p ghairpin measured over time. (B) Viable cells in LM2 or 

could be placed into f b d

independent set of t i RT PCR

differential miRNA expression in normal kidney, oncocytoma and different RCC subtypes

(A) Heat map of miRNAs differentially expressed in the kidneys f i ft IRI h ti (B) Pl t f b

progression and t t i

Fig 1 ‐miR‐215 has a negative effect on cellularof these miRNAs in 

li t llprimary breast cancer line CN34‐BoM1 expressing miR‐126 iR 335 iR 206 d t l ll (C) P t lfour groups based on 

their expressiontumours, using qRT‐PCR analysis with miRNA

oncocytoma, and different RCC subtypes.

The clustering of the different sample types byof mice after IRI or sham operation. (B) Plots of above microarray data expressed as the mean signal intensity ± SE

metastasis.Fig 1  miR 215 has a negative effect on cellular migration and invasion. (A) Representative 

malignant cells suppresses lung and

126, miR‐335 or miR‐206 and control cells (C) Parental MDA‐MB‐231 cells and lung metastatic LM2 cellstheir expression 

patterns Theseanalysis with miRNA specific primers

The clustering of the different sample types by expression pattern is clear.

microarray data expressed as the mean signal intensity ± SE. 

The differentially expressed miRNAs could be placed into four Results show that miR‐215photomicrographs (B) Cell migration (C) Cells 

f d i h i 21 h d d d ll l

suppresses lung and bone metastasis by

MDA MB 231 cells and lung metastatic LM2 cells stained with the actin marker phalloidin. (D) Trans‐well patterns. These 

findings define aspecific primers. p pThe differentially expressed miRNAs could be placed into four 

groups based on their expression patterns following IRI: group 1Results show that miR‐215 can affect metastatic

transfected with miR‐215 showed decreased cellular invasion after 22 h (D) Decreased protein expression

bone metastasis by human cancer cells in

p ( )migration of LM2 and CN34‐BoM1 cells transduced with 

findings define a molecular fingerprint Developed a classification

groups based on their expression patterns following IRI: group 1 was rapidly up‐regulated, group 2 also up‐regulated, group 3 

can affect metastatic potential and

invasion after 22 h. (D) Decreased protein expression in cells that were transfected with miR‐215.

human cancer cells in vivo. miR‐126 restoration

miRNAs or a control hairpin. molecular fingerprint of renal injury.

Developed a classification system that can  YM Youssef, N White, J Grigull, A Krizova, C Samy et 

was rapidly down‐regulated, group 4 was also down‐regulated.potential and demonstrate that 

in cells that were transfected with miR 215.  vivo. miR 126 restoration reduces overall tumour j y y

distinguish the different , , g , , y

al. (2011) Accurate Molecular Classification of Kidney Cancer Subtypes Using MicroRNA  overexpression of miR‐215 

Whit NM Kh ll HW G i ll J Ad i S Y f YM Hgrowth and proliferation, 

Godwin JG, Ge X, Stephan K, Jurisch A, Tullius SG, Iacomini J. ( )

RCC subtypes using y yp g

Signature. European Urology 59(5), 721‐30. decreased cellular White NM, Khella HW, Grigull J, Adzovic S, Youssef YM, Honey RJ, Stewart R, Pace KT, Bjarnason GA, Jewett MA, Evans AJ, G b il M Y f GM (2011) iRNA fili i t t ti

whereas miR‐335 inhibits  Tavazoie SF, Alarcón C, Oskarsson T, Padua D, Wang Q, Bos PD, Gerald WL M é J (2008) E d h i RNA th t(2010) Identification of a microRNA signature of renal 

ischemia reperfusion injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(32),  unique miRNA signatures.  migration and invasion in ll l d l

Gabril M, Yousef GM. (2011) miRNA profiling in metastatic renal cell carcinoma reveals a tumour‐suppressor effect for iR 215 B J C 105(11) 1741 49

metastatic cell invasion.  WL, Massagué J. (2008) Endogenous human microRNAs that suppress breast cancer metastasis. Nature 451(7175), 147‐52

14339‐44. an RCC cell line model.  miR‐215. Br J Cancer 105(11), 1741‐49..

PROGNOSIS DRUG TARGETSPROGNOSIS DRUG TARGETS

miRNA profiling of plasma may provide a miR‐150 as a potential biomarker associated Modulating miR‐21 expression via antisense‐ Downregulation of miRNA‐29 by antisensemiRNA profiling of plasma may provide a l l i f i

miR‐150 as a potential biomarker associated i h i d h i i

Modulating miR‐21 expression via antisense‐di d d l i (k kd ) h d i ifi

Downregulation of miRNA‐29 by antisense i hibi i di lmolecular signature for tumor aggressiveness  with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in  mediated depletion (knockdown) had a significant  inhibitors protects against myocardial g gg

in pancreatic cancerp g p

colorectal cancerp ( ) g

negative effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophyp g y

ischaemia‐reperfusion injuryin pancreatic cancer colorectal cancer negative effect on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.  ischaemia‐reperfusion injury

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has the ll i l

Up to 90% of patients with l l (CRC)

Using microarray analysis, d d h

Pioglitazone (PIO), a i lifpoorest overall survival rate 

ll hcolorectal cancer (CRC) can b d b if th

we demonstrated that iRNA b tl

peroxisome proliferator‐ti t d t (PPAR)among all human cancers 

because of late diagnosis andbe cured by surgery if the disease is detected at an

miRNAs are aberrantly expressed in hypertrophic

activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ agonist protects againstbecause of late diagnosis and 

absence of screening toolsdisease is detected at an early stage However it is

expressed in hypertrophic mouse hearts miR‐21 was

agonist, protects against myocardial ischaemia–absence of screening tools.  early stage. However, it is 

often diagnosed only at anmouse hearts. miR‐21 was significantly dysregulated

myocardial ischaemiareperfusion (IR) injury.

Compared the expression profile often diagnosed only at an advanced stage and the 

significantly dysregulated (more than fourfold 

reperfusion (IR) injury. p p p

of miRNAs in the plasma of g

prognosis is therefore poor.(increase) when compared  Evaluated the expression 

patients diagnosed with PC  with the sham surgical  changes of miRNAs in the (n=50) with healthy volunteers  Performed global analysis of  group.  rat heart after PIO (n=10). 37 iRNA d l d

miRNA expression profiles of l l l i A iR 21 i hibi 2’OM

administration using iRNA d f d37 miRNAs down‐regulated

54 iRNA l t dnormal colorectal tissues, l t l d ti

A miR‐21 inhibitor, 2’OMe‐iR 21 d d iR 21

miRNA arrays and found th t iR 29 d l l54 miRNAs up‐regulated colorectal adenoma tissues 

and CRC tissues by miRNAmiR‐21, decreased miR‐21 levels and inhibited myocyte

that miR‐29a and c levels decreased remarkably after

• Expression of miR‐21 wasand CRC tissues by miRNA microarray

levels and inhibited myocyte hypertrophy stimulated by

decreased remarkably after 7‐day treatment with PIOExpression of miR‐21 was 

correlated with worse survivalmicroarray.  hypertrophy stimulated by 

either Ang II or PE. In7‐day treatment with PIO. 

correlated with worse survival • Expression of let‐7 was  miR‐150 expression 

either Ang II or PE. In contrast, control oligos  Antagomirs against miR‐

Fig 1 – miRNA expression and survival (A) Box plot ti th i f iRNA

pinversely correlated with 

pdecreased with the transition 

, g(2’OMe‐EGFP) had no effect 

g g29a or ‐29c significantly 

representing the expression of seven miRNAs as assessed by qRT‐PCR (B) Kaplan‐Meier curves and

survival from normal mucosa to CRC  on miR‐21 expression and  reduced myocardial infarct assessed by qRT PCR. (B) Kaplan Meier curves and log‐rank tests for miR‐21 expression and patient 

• miR‐21 family was markedly  in parallel with increasing Fi 1 E i l l f iR 150 i l l

cell hypertrophy.  size and apoptosis in hearts g p p

survival. (C) Kaplan‐Meier curves and log‐rank tests 

over‐expressed in chemo‐i PC ll li

carcinogenesis of the l l i

Fig 1 ‐ Expression levels of miR‐150 in colorectal cancer (CRC) adenoma and normal colorectal tissue (A) (B) µParaflo R l h iRNA

subjected to IR injury. for let‐7d expression and patient survival.

resistant PC cell lines colorectal tissue. (CRC), adenoma and normal colorectal tissue. (A) (B) µParaflo miRNA microarray assay showed that the expression of miR‐

Results suggest that miRNAs i l d i di Th fi di h th t

Fig 1 ‐ (A) Relative expression of miR‐29a 16 h after the thi d i j ti f t i ( t 29 ) i

These results suggest that higher expression of iR 21 ld bi k f

Results suggest that identifying Found that the miR 150

c oa ay assay s o ed t at t e e p ess o o150 levels in normal colorectal tissue, adenoma tissue and 

are involved in cardiac hypertrophy formation Fig 1 ‐ The effect of miR‐21 inhibitor 2OMe‐miR‐21 on

These finding show that modulation of miRNAs can

third injection of antagomir (anta‐29a) or missense antagomir (misanta‐29) (B) Relative expression of miR‐29c

miR‐21 could serve as a biomarker for worse survival of PC patients and thus could serves as anResults suggest that identifying 

and validating the expression ofFound that the miR‐150 expression status of patients

CRC tissue decreased with the progression of carcinogenesis f l l l i d i CRC (C) A

hypertrophy formation. miRNAs might be a new

Fig 1  The effect of miR 21 inhibitor 2OMe miR 21 on miR‐21 expression in cultured cardiac myocytes with 

modulation of miRNAs can be achieved by

antagomir (misanta 29). (B) Relative expression of miR 29c 16 h after the third injection. (C) Effect of anta‐29a, anta‐

survival of PC patients, and thus could serves as an important prognostic marker.and validating the expression of 

miRNAs in newly diagnosedexpression status of patients with CRC is associated with

from normal colorectal tissue to adenoma tissue to CRC. (C) A validation experiment was carried out using quantitative

miRNAs might be a new therapeutic target for

hypertrophy. (A) Transfection of miR‐21 inhibitor (2’OM iR 21) d l li (2’OM EGFP)

be achieved by pharmacological

j ( ) ,29c, and misanta‐29 on myocardial IS. (D) % of TUNEL‐

p p g

miRNAs in newly diagnosed patients could serve as potential 

with CRC is associated with survival and response to 

validation experiment was carried out using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) which also showed that 

therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases 

(2’OMe‐miR‐21) and control oligo (2’OMe‐EGFP) labeled with a fluorescent dye (red color) into the

pharmacological intervention and provide a 

positive‐stained cardiomyocytes in the ischaemic area of t i t t d i h t bj t d t IR (E)

p pbiomarker for tumor 

padjuvant chemotherapy is 

e e se t a sc pt o C (q C ) c a so s o ed t atthe expression of miR‐150 decreased with the transition from  involving cardiac 

labeled with a fluorescent dye (red color) into the cultured cardiac myocytes. (B) The effects of miR‐21

prationale for the 

antagomir‐pre‐treated mice hearts subjected to IR. (E) Representative staining pattern Arrows indicate TUNEL‐

aggressiveness, and such miRNAs  Ali S, Almhanna K, Chen W, Philip PA, Sarkar FH. (2010)  therefore a potential  normal mucosa via adenoma tissue to CRC tissue. hypertrophy such as cultured cardiac myocytes. (B) The effects of miR 21 inhibitor on the expression levels of miR‐21 in cultured  development of miRNA‐

Representative staining pattern. Arrows indicate TUNELpositive nuclei which are stained blue. 

could be useful for the screening  Differentially expressed miRNAs in the plasma may provide a molecular signature for aggressive pancreatic cancer. Am J 

( )

biomarker associated with M Y Zh P W F Zh H Y J P J Li W

hypertension, ischemic heart  cardiac myocytes with hypertrophy.  based strategies for the p

of high‐risk patients. Transl Res 3(1), 28‐47. the prognosis and h i i CRC

Ma Y, Zhang P, Wang F, Zhang H, Yang J, Peng J, Liu W, Qin H. (2011) miR‐150 as a potential biomarker 

i t d ith i d th ti t i

disease, valvular diseases, d d i di d

Cheng Y, Ji R, Yue J, Yang J, Liu X, Chen H, Dean DB, Zhang C. (2007)attenuation of IR injury.  Ye Y, Hu Z, Lin Y, Zhang C, Perez‐Polo JR. (2010) 

Downregulation of microRNA‐29 by antisense inhibitorstherapeutic outcome in CRC. associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in 

colorectal cancer. Gut [Epub ahead of print]. and endocrine disorders.

Cheng Y, Ji R, Yue J, Yang J, Liu X, Chen H, Dean DB, Zhang C. (2007) MicroRNAs Are Aberrantly Expressed in Hypertrophic Heart. Do They Play a Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy? Am J Pathol 170(6), 1831‐40.

Downregulation of microRNA 29 by antisense inhibitors and a PPAR‐{gamma} agonist protects against myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 87(3), 535‐44.Play a Role in Cardiac Hypertrophy? Am J Pathol 170(6), 1831 40.  ischaemia reperfusion injury. Cardiovasc Res 87(3), 535 44.

TOXICITY RESISTANCE

i i fil di i i h h i i b d bi k f h fi di id h i i i l h i

TOXICITY RESISTANCE

miRNA expression profiles distinguish the  miRNAs expression can be used as biomarkers of  The first direct evidence that miRNAs can  Restoring miR‐342 ‐ a novel therapeutic p p gcarcinogenic effects of riddelliine in rat liver

pchemical exposure in risk assessment of chemical suppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic

g papproach to sensitizing and suppressing thecarcinogenic effects of riddelliine in rat liver chemical exposure in risk assessment of chemical 

i isuppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic h

approach to sensitizing and suppressing the h f if i bcarcinogenesis therapy growth of tamoxifen resistant breast tumors

A l d iRNA i filP li idi lk l id (PA )

g py

T ll i i

g

T i h l iAnalyzed miRNA expression profiles of human bronchial epithelial (HBE)

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are the most common

Tumor cells use preexisting prosurvival signaling pathways to

Tumor resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulatorof human bronchial epithelial (HBE) 

cells expressing an oncogenic alleleare the most common plant constituents that

prosurvival signaling pathways to evade the damaging and cytotoxic

estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen remains a seriouscells expressing an oncogenic allele 

of H‐Ras (HBER) at different stages ofplant constituents that poison livestock wildlife

evade the damaging and cytotoxic effects of anticancer agents

tamoxifen remains a serious clinical problem especially inof H Ras (HBER) at different stages of 

transformation induced bypoison livestock, wildlife and humans. Riddelliine is

effects of anticancer agents. Radiation therapy is a primary form

clinical problem especially in patients with tumors that alsotransformation induced by 

benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) by miRNA and humans. Riddelliine is a genotoxic PA.

Radiation therapy is a primary form of cytotoxic anticancer treatment, 

patients with tumors that also overexpress HER2. However, a ( )py ( ) y

array. g y ,

but agents that successfully modify p ,

unifying molecular mechanism of Analysis with microarrays  the radiation response in vivo are  tamoxifen resistance has remained 

Revealed 12 miRNAs differentially showed that the miRNA  lacking.  elusive.expressed in HBER cells at both pre‐

f d d f dexpression profiles were l l l ifi d i iRNA i d h A l d l i l ll d l ftransformed and transformed stages. 

The expression of miR 638 in HBERclearly classified into two groups riddelliine

miRNA microarrays compared the relative levels of cellular miRNAs

Analyzed multiple cell models of tamoxifen resistance derived fromThe expression of miR‐638 in HBER 

cells increased upon treatment ofgroups, riddelliine treatment versus other

relative levels of cellular miRNAs before and after radiation Found

tamoxifen resistance derived from MCF 7 cells to examine thecells increased upon treatment of 

BaP in a dose‐dependent mannertreatment versus other samples 47 miRNAs were Fig 1 ‐ PCA and HCA of miRNA expression levels in

before and after radiation.  Found that the let‐7 family of miRNAs is

MCF‐7 cells to examine the influence of miRNAs on tamoxifenBaP in a dose dependent manner. samples. 47 miRNAs were 

significantly dysregulatedFig 1  PCA and HCA of miRNA expression levels in rat liver samples from riddelliine, aristolochic acid  

that the let 7 family of miRNAs is overrepresented in a class of

influence of miRNAs on tamoxifen resistance. Observed significant

The expression of miR‐638 was also significantly dysregulated by riddelliine treatment.

p ,and control treatments showing the global effects 

overrepresented in a class of miRNAs exhibiting altered  Fig 1 ‐ Restored miR‐342 expression sensitizes

resistance. Observed significant and dramatic downregulation of p

examined in peripheral lymphocytes y

of chemical treatment on miRNA expression in rat li

gexpression in response to radiation.  

Fig 1  Restored miR 342 expression sensitizes resistant cells to tamoxifen. Tamoxifen 

gmiR‐342 in tamoxifen resistant 

from 86 polycyclic aromatic Results suggest that liver. 

Fig 1 ‐ Dose‐dependent and time course of Created a radiosensitive state by  resistant cell lines were transfected with f i l 20 f

MCF‐7 variant cell lines. Restoring hydrocarbons (PAHs)‐exposed (PE) miRNAs actively respond to  (A) The principal component analysis (PCA). The red, 

Fig 1  Dose dependent and time course of miR‐638 expression in HBER cells treated  overexpressing the select let‐7  transfection reagent alone, 20 nM of 

scrambled precursor negative control (miRmiR‐342 expression in the cell 

workers. The average expression l l f iR 638 i i h l

a mutagenic dose of idd llii d h

( ) p p p y ( ) ,purple and blue circles denote the samples from  with BaP. The fold changes of miR‐638 

i l l l i h l

family of miRNAs in vitro in lung ll h d i

scrambled precursor negative control (miR‐NC), or 20 nM of miR‐342‐3p precursor (miR‐

lines sensitized these cells to if i d d i i hlevel of miR‐638 in peripheral 

lymphocytes from 86 PE workersriddelliine and the pattern of miRNA expression has

riddelliine, and control treatments, respectively. (B) Th hi h l l t i l i (HCA) Th

expression levels relative to the control (DMSO) in HBER cells (A) or HBE cells (C) after

cancer cells, whereas decreasing their levels causes radioresistance

NC), or 20 nM of miR 342 3p precursor (miR342). At 24 hr post‐transfection cells were 

tamoxifen‐induced apoptosis with a dramatic reduction in celllymphocytes from 86 PE workers 

increased by 72% compared withof miRNA expression has the potential to be used as

The hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA). The riddelliine samples clearly cluster together

(DMSO) in HBER cells (A) or HBE cells (C) after treated with BaP. miR‐638 expression was

their levels causes radioresistance. 

Fi 1 R l ti l l f th l t 7 f il iRNAtreated for 96 hr with 100 pM of E2 alone or i bi i i h 1 0 ( )

a dramatic reduction in cell growthincreased by 72% compared with 

control groupthe potential to be used as a biomarker of genotoxicity

riddelliine samples clearly cluster together. treated with BaP. miR 638 expression was also detected in HBER (B) or HBE (D) cells  These findings are the first direct

Fig 1 ‐ Relative levels of the let‐7 family miRNAs change significantly over time after irradiation

in combination with 1.0 μM TAM. (A) MTT assay was used to measure proliferation as a

growth. control group. a biomarker of genotoxicity 

and carcinogenicity fortreated with BaP. 

These findings are the first direct evidence that miRNAs can suppress

change significantly over time after irradiation. (A) Microarray expression results of irradiated 

assay was used to measure proliferation as a function of metabolism, (B) apoptosis wasThese findings suggest that miR‐

The upregulation of miR‐638 in PE and carcinogenicity for riddelliine and possibly 

evidence that miRNAs can suppress resistance to anticancer cytotoxic 

( ) y pA549 cells. (B) Expression of let‐7 miRNAs in an 

function of metabolism, (B) apoptosis was assayed by cell death ELISA, or (C) cells were 

These findings suggest that miR342 regulates tamoxifen response p g

workers, which leads to an inhibition ( )

p yother PAs.

Li D et al (2011) Aberrant Expression of miR 638 Contributes to

ytherapy, a common feature of  irradiated normal lung epithelial line, CRL2741. 

(C) R l ti PCR ltstained with DAPI and propidium iodide (PI). 

g pin breast tumor cell lines and our 

of the cellular repair system, Chen T, Li Z, Yan J, Yang X, Salminen W. (2011) MicroRNA expression profiles distinguish the carcinogenic effects of 

( )

Li D et al. (2011) Aberrant Expression of miR‐638 Contributes to Benzo(a)pyrene‐induced Human Cell Transformation. Toxicol Sci 125(2) 382 91

cancer cells, and suggest that  (C) Real‐time PCR results. clinical data indicates a trend indicates that miR‐638 is a good riddelliine in rat liver. Mutagenesis 27(1), 59‐66. 125(2),382‐91.

miRNAs may be a viable tool to Weidhaas JB, Babar I, Nallur SM, Trang P, Roush S, Boehm M, Gillespie E, 

Cittelly DM, Das PM, Spoelstra NS, Edgerton SM, Richer JK, Thor AD, Jones FE. (2010) Downregulation of miR‐342 is 

towards reduced miR‐342 biomarker for evaluation of 

i l h i laugment current cancer therapies. Slack FJ. (2007) MicroRNAs as potential agents to alter resistance to 

cytotoxic anticancer therapy. Cancer Res 67(23), 11111‐16. Associated with Tamoxifen Resistant Breast Tumors. Mol Cancer 9(1), 317.

expression and tamoxifen ienvironmental chemical exposure. resistance. 

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