microorganisms

Bacteria, Fungi, and Virus

MICROORGANISMS

Questions for Lesson About Bacteria

1. What is a bacterium?2. What are the different types of

bacteria?3. How does bacterial cell differ from

plant and animal cell?4. What are the three kinds of

bacteria according to the mode of respiration? Give an example of each kind.

5. How do autotrophic bacteria make food?

6. Where do bacteria use their endospore?

7. What are the three roles of bacteria?

Questions for Lesson About Fungi

1. How do fungi differ from plants?2. What is the main component of a

fungus cell wall?3. Give examples of fungi.4. What is the spore-producing

structure of a fungus?5. Write the chemical equation for

alcoholic fermentation.6. What kind of asexual reproduction

is performed by unicellular fungi?7. What are the three roles of fungi?

Bacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria (True Bacteria)

Bacteria are located everywhere - air, water, land, and living organisms including people.

General Characteristics: 1. All are unicellular (one-celled structural level)

2. All are prokaryotic – cells that lack nucleus (no nuclear envelope) (PRO = NO nucleus)

3. All have cell walls – NO cellulose in cell walls

4. They can live in both aerobic (with O2) and anaerobic (without O2) environments

Bacteria are much larger in size than viruses.

Bacteria usually have one of three different cell shapes:

Coccus(Sphere-shaped)

Ex: Streptococcus

Bacilli(Rod-shaped)

Ex: Lactobacillus

Spirillium(Spiral-shaped)

Ex: Spirillium

Seven Major Structures of a Bacterial Cell

•Capsule

•Cell wall

•Ribosomes

•Nucleoid

•Flagella

•Pilli

•Cytoplasm

•Binary Fission - the process of one organism dividing into two organisms

•Fission is a type of asexual reproduction

Reproduction of Bacteria

How?...The one main (circular) chromosome makes a copy of itself then it divides into two.

•Asexual Reproduction - reproduction of a living thing from only one parent

Bacteria SurvivalEndospore•A thick-celled structure that forms inside the cell•They are the major cause of food poisoning

•They can withstand boiling, freezing, and extremely dry conditions•It encloses all the nuclear materials and some cytoplasm

•It allows the bacterium to survive for many years

Harmful Bacteria• Some bacteria cause diseases

•Animals can pass diseases to humans

Communicable Disease- Disease that is passed from one organism to another

This can happen in several ways:•Air•Touching clothing, food, silverware, or toothbrush•Drinking water that contains bacteria

Helpful Bacteria•Decomposers help recycle nutrients into

the soil for other organisms to grow

•Bacteria grow in the stomach of a cow to break down grass and hay

•Most are used to make antibiotics

•Some bacteria help make insulin

•They are used to make industrial chemicals

•Used to treat sewage

Organic waste is consumed by the bacteria, used as nutrients by the bacteria, and is no longer present to produce odors, sludge, pollution, or unsightly mess.

•Foods like yogurt, cottage & Swiss cheese, sour cream, buttermilk are made from bacteria that grows in milk

Helpful Bacteria

Fungi

Characteristics of Fungi

• Eukaryotic (with membrane-bound organelles)• Non-photosynthetic – unlike

plants• Most are multicellular• Most are microscopic molds or

yeastsThe study of fungi is known as MYCOLOGY.

Structure of a Fungi

Spore-producing structure of fungi

Reproduction in Fungi

•Most fungi reproduce both sexually and asexually•Asexual reproduction –

production of various types of spores

Roles of Fungi

• Disease-causing agents

ATHLETE’S FOOT

Fungi decompose dead plant and animal matter.

•Called saprophytes, they act as recyclers of dead organic matter, obtaining food from this material.

Fungi in Industry (Biotechnology)

• Fungi produce many products used in the medical field such as penicillin, cephalosporin antibiotics, cortisone• Yeast is used to make ethanol.• Yeasts are known for making

breads rise.

Viruses

– an infectious biological particle consisting of a nucleic acid as a genetic material and a protein coat called capsid

Virus

– are OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES, meaning they can’t live on their own; they do not possess the characteristics of life.

Virus

They are considered to be acellular – meaning they do not contain nor made up of cells.

Virus

Some Human Diseases Caused by

Viruses

AIDS

Chicken Pox