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Page 1: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease
Page 2: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Nature of Microorganisms

Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease.

Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease.

Page 3: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Factors That Influence Microbial Growth

Following factors influence microbial growth: Temperature. pH, or the values used in chemistry to

express the degrees of acidity of a substance. Food. Moisture. Oxygen.

Page 4: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Factors That Influence Microbial Growth (cont.)

Aerobic microbes – live only in the presence of oxygen.

Anaerobic microbes – grow best in the absence of oxygen.

Page 5: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Methods That Destroy Microorganisms

Antiseptics – solutions applied directly to the skin that prevent or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Disinfection – using strong chemicals, such as bleach to destroy pathogens, usually on objects, not skin.Sterilization – the most effective way to destroy all microorganisms.

Page 6: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Microorganisms

Microorganism (microbe) Small living organism Need a microscope to see it

Pathogens Can cause disease or infection

Normal flora Microbes that are beneficial when present Not all microbes are pathogens

Page 7: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Microorganisms

Bacteria One-celled Multiply rapidly Cocci = round Bacilli = rod-shaped Spirilla = spiral Antibiotics kill bacteria Gonorrhea, strep throat, tetanus, botulism

Page 8: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Bacteria

Cocci

SpirillaBacilli

Page 9: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Types of MicroorganismsBacteria One-celled microorganisms

that are classified according to their shape and arrangement.

Cause diseases such as strep throat, pneumonia, and tuberculosis. (Table 3-4)

Some bacteria produce spores, which help them reproduce.

A. B.

C. D.

E.

F. G.

H. I.

Name the microorganisms A to I. Click HERE to see answers.

Page 10: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Microorganisms

Protozoa One-celled animal-like organism Many flagella – aids in movement Malaria, amebic dysentery

Fungi Plant-like Live on dead organic matter Yeasts and molds are common forms Ringworm, athlete’s foot, thrush

Page 11: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Types of Microorganisms (cont.)Fungi A plantlike organism that lives on

dead matter. Cause conditions such as ringworm,

athlete’s foot, yeast infections, and thrush.

Protozoa Tiny animals found in contaminated

water. Cause diseases such as malaria,

trichomoniasis, and amebic dysentery.

Page 12: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Types of Microorganisms (cont.)

Rickettsiae Parasites that live inside the

cells of other living organisms. Transmitted to humans by fleas,

lice, and ticks. Cause diseases such as Rocky

Mountain spotted fever.

Page 13: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Viruses Smallest of all microorganisms. Live inside cells. Spread by contact with blood and

other body fluids. Difficult to destroy. Associated with diseases such as

the common cold, chicken pox, herpes, hepatitis B, and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Types of Microorganisms (cont.)

Page 14: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Microorganisms Rickettsiae Parasitic – live inside other living organisms Live in fleas, lice, ticks – whose bite transmits

disease to humans Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Viruses Smallest, seen with electron microscope Reproduce inside other living cells Spread by blood and other body secretions Common cold, measles, mumps, chicken pox,

AIDS

Page 15: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Microorganisms

Most grow best in environment that is: Warm Moist Dark

Aerobic Require oxygen to live

Anaerobic Live and reproduce without oxygen

Page 16: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Pathogens

Cause infection in different ways Some produce toxins (poison) Some cause allergic reaction in the body Some attack and destroy living cells

Nosocomial infections Transmitted in a health care facility

Opportunistic infections Occur when body defenses are weak

Page 17: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Pathogens

Transmission of disease Person-to-person contact Contaminated hands!!! Contaminated substances

• Food• Soil• Insects• Equipment

Droplets in the air (cough, sneeze)

Page 18: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Infection Control

Asepsis Absence of pathogens

Aseptic technique Handwashing Good personal hygiene Disposable gloves Proper cleaning of equipment

and environment

Page 19: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Handwashing

Most effective way to prevent the spread of infection Wash your hands: Whenever they become contaminated. Before and after lab procedures. After personal use of the bathroom. After you cough, sneeze or use a tissue. Before and after eating, drinking, and using

contact lenses.

Page 20: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Handwashing

Soap

Warm water

Friction

Clean all surfaces

Fingertips pointed down

Dry paper towel for turning the faucet on and off

Page 21: Nature of Microorganisms Pathogens are microorganisms that cause disease. Non-pathogens are microorganisms that do not cause disease

Alcohol-Based Handrub

Used in healthcare facilities

Used between patients when hands not soiled


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