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Microfluidics
Copyright © 2012 Board of Trustees, University of Illinois. All rights reserved.
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Objectives
• Discover what microfluidics is
• Understand why it is important
• Make a simple microfluidic device
• Observe behavior of
fluids at this scale
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What is it?
Microfluidics- Precise control and
manipulation of very small volumes of
liquids
Mm
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What is it?
Microfluidics is often done in
small channels on a device
called a “Lab-on-a-chip”
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What is it?
An alternative to traditional chemistry
Why do we
need an
alternative?
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Traditional Chemistry
• Very large number of molecules
– Even a drop of water contains about
10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules!
It can be very expensive
or very hard to get large
number of molecules
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Traditional Chemistry
• Can be Hazardous
– Hazards can spill or escape
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Traditional Chemistry
• Requires specialized equipment
– Equipment expensive
– Requires facilities to house
– Wait for equipment to be available
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Traditional Chemistry
• Can take a long time
– Time to create or
isolate enough
molecules
– Equipment might not
be immediately
available
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Benefits of Microfluidics
Traditional
Laboratory
Microfluidic
“Lab-on-
a-chip”
Cost Often very high Inexpensive
Equipment Specialized
equipment
Everything on
chip
Time to get
results
Significant time Quick
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Why do it?
Lets look at a problem and see if
Microfluidics has a solution:
Medicine in the developing world
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Medicine in the developing world
Travel to facilities difficult
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Medicine in the developing world
Long wait for care
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Medicine in the developing world
Facilities often sparse or temporary
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Medicine in the developing world
Equipment scarce
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Medicine in the developing world
Power limited
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Medicine in the developing world
Leads to primitive care
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Medicine in the developing world
• With microfluidics
– Faster results
– Inexpensive
– Low power
requirements
– Portable, can travel
to patients
– Can perform complex diagnostic tests
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Applications
• Lab on a chip
– Screening
– Diagnostics
– Analysis
• Biosensors
• DNA assays
• Fuel cells
• Microreactors
• Printing
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Applications
• Advanced
manufacturing
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Center Research
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Center Research
Master
PDMS Mold Poured
PDMS Mold Removed
Top Plate Placed
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Petri Dish
Puffy Paint Master
PDMS
Relief in PDMS
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Cross Section Perspective
Cross Section Perspective
Puffy Paint
Petri Dish PDMS
Channel Relief
Plexi-glass Drilled Holes
Plexi-glass
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PDMS
Relief in PDMS
Plexi-glass
Plexi-glass
Drilled Holes
Pipette
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Flow Regimes
Imagine putting red liquid in one inlet
and blue in the other.
What immerges?
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Flow Regimes
Laminar Flow Turbulent flow
Channel size
Flow Speed
Viscosity
Small Large
Fast Slow
High Low
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Which flow regime?
• What happens when you pour red liquid into
one side and blue into another of a “Y”
junction?