microcontrollers & applications

Suresh Kumar K BLecturer in Electronics

*SKB'sUNIT - II

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*SKB'sFEATURES 8-bit CPU optimized for control applicationsExtensive Boolean processing (Single-bit logic) capabilities64K Program Memory address space64K Data Memory address space4K bytes of on-chip Program Memory128 bytes of on-chip Data RAM32 bidirectional and individually addressable 1/0 linesTwo 16-bit timer/countersFull duplex UART6-source/5-vector interrupt structure with two priority levelsOn-chip clock oscillator

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*SKB'sPIN DETAILS

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InterruptControlCPU4KROM128RAMOSCBusControl4 I/O PortsSerialPortBLOCK DIAGRAM

*SKB'sARCHITECUREAll

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*SKB'sARCHITECURE1

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*SKB'sARCHITECURE2

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*SKB'sARCHITECURE3

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*SKB'sMEMORY STRUCTUREExternalEXTINT128SFRExternalProgram MemoryData MemoryEA = 0EA = 1

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*SKB'sINTERNAL RAM STRUCTUREDirect &IndirectAddressing

InirectAddressingOnly

DirectAddressingOnly

SFR128 Byte Internal RAM

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*SKB's128 BYTE RAM128 BYTEINTERNAL RAMRegister BanksReg Bank 0Reg Bank 1Reg Bank 2Reg Bank 3BIT AddressableAreaGeneral PurposeArea

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*SKB'sREGISTER BANK STRUCTUREBank 0Bank 3Bank 2Bank 1Program Status Word - PSW

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7

R0R1R2R3R4R5R6R7

CYACF0RS1RS0OV-P

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*SKB'sSFR

F8FFF0BF7E8EFE0AccE7D8DFD0PSWD7C8CFC0C7B8IPBFB0P3B7A8IEAFA0P2A798SCONSBUF9F90P19788TCONTMODTL0TL1TH0TH18F80P0SPDPLDPHPCON87

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*SKB'sUNIT - III

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*SKB'sTIMERSSERIAL PORTINTERRUPTS

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*SKB'sTimer 0Timer 1TIMERS

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*SKB'sOSC12TL(8 Bit)TH(8 Bit)TF(1 Bit)INTERRUPTTIMER / COUNTER

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*SKB'sOSC12TL0TH0INTERRUPTTIMER 0TF0

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*SKB'sTL0(5 Bit)INTERRUPTTIMER 0 Mode 0OSC12XTH0(8 Bit)TF013 Bit Timer / CounterMaximum Count = 1FFFh (1111111111111)

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*SKB'sTL0(8 Bit)INTERRUPTTIMER 0 Mode 1OSC12XTH0(8 Bit)TF016 Bit Timer / CounterMaximum Count = FFFFh (1111111111111111)

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*SKB'sTL0(8 Bit)INTERRUPTOSC12XTH0(8 Bit)TF0Maximum Count = FFh (11111111)ReloadTIMER 0 Mode 28 Bit Timer / Counter with AUTORELOAD

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*SKB'sTL0(8 Bit)OSC12XTIMER 0 Mode 3Two - 8 Bit Timer / CounterOSC12TH0(8 Bit)INTERRUPTTF1INTERRUPTTF0

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*SKB'sOSC12TL1TH1TF1INTERRUPTTIMER 1

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*SKB'sTL1TH1TF1INTERRUPTTIMER 1

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*SKB'sTL1(5 Bit)INTERRUPTTIMER 1 Mode 0TH1(8 Bit)TF113 Bit Timer / CounterMaximum Count = 1FFFh (1111111111111)OSC12Y

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*SKB'sTL1(8 Bit)INTERRUPTTIMER 1 Mode 1TH1(8 Bit)TF116 Bit Timer / CounterMaximum Count = FFFFh (1111111111111111)OSC12Y

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*SKB'sTL1(8 Bit)INTERRUPTTH1(8 Bit)TF1Maximum Count = FFh (11111111)ReloadTIMER 1 Mode 28 Bit Timer / Counter with AUTORELOADOSC12Y

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*SKB'sTMODTCONTimer 0Timer 1InterruptTimersSFRs Related to TIMER

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*SKB'sSBUFFZero DetectorTX ControlTX ClockStartShiftSendTISBUFFInput Shift RegisterRX ControlStartRX ClockReceiveShiftRI1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0ShiftClockCLQDSRXDO/PTXDRIRENCLKWrite toBUFFERSerial PortInterruptRXDI/PLoad to BUFFERRead From BUFFER

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*SKB'sSERIAL PORT Mode 0The Serial Port in Mode-0 has the following features:

Serial data enters and exits through RXD TXD outputs the shifl clock 8 bits are transmitted / received The baud rate is fixed at (1/12) of the oscillator frequency

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*SKB'sSERIAL PORT Mode 0

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Serial data enters RXD Serial data exits through TXD On receive, the stop bit goes into RB8 in SCON 10 bits are transmitted / receivedStart bit (0)Data bits (8)Stop Bit (1) Baud rate is determined by the Timer 1 over flow rate.

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Serial data enters RXD Serial data exits through TXD 9th data bit (TB8) can be assign value 0 or 1 On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in SCON 11 bits are transmitted / receivedStart bit (0)Data bits (9)Stop Bit (1) Baud rate is programmable (1/32) or (1/64) of the oscillator frequency

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Serial data enters RXD Serial data exits through TXD 9th data bit (TB8) can be assign value 0 or 1 On receive, the 9th data bit goes into RB8 in SCON 11 bits are transmitted / receivedStart bit (0)Data bits (9)Stop Bit (1) Baud rate is determined by the Timer 1 over flow rate.

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*SKB'sSCONPCONSFRs Related to SERIAL PORT

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*SKB'sINTERRUPTSThe Interrupt structure has the following features:

6 sources / 5 vectored interrupts Each interrupts can be individually programmable Each interrupts can have two priority levels Priority levels can be programmed All interrupts can be masked by a single bit - EA External interrupt type can be programmedEdge triggeredLevel Triggered

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*SKB'sTIMER / COUNTERINTERRUPT SOURCESIE0IE1

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*SKB'sTIMER / COUNTERIE0IE1Individual EnableGlobal DisableLow Priority InterruptHigh Priority InterruptInterrupt Polling SequenceIE Reg IP Reg

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*SKB'sIEIPSFRs Related to INTERRUPTSLOWHIGHPriority Within LevelTCON

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*SKB's

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*SKB'sMEMORY INTERFACINGExternal RAM Interfacing :-MCS 51ALEEXTRAM

DataAddressALEP0P2P1P3

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*SKB'sMEMORY INTERFACINGExternal RAM Interfacing :-AD0AD1AD2AD3D0D1D2D3A0A1A2A3

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*SKB'sMEMORY INTERFACINGExternal ROM Interfacing :-MCS 51ALEEXTROM

InstrAddressALEP0P2P1P3EEPROM

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*SKB's

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*SKB'sInstruction Set 5 Groups

Arithmetic Operation GroupLogical Operation Group Data Transfer GroupBoolean Variable Manipulation GroupProgram Branching Group

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupADD A,DirectADD A,RnADD A,@RiADD A,#Data

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupADDC A,DirectADDC A,RnADDC A,@RiADDC A,#Data

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupSUBB A,DirectSUBB A,RnSUBB A,@RiSUBB A,#Data

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupINCAINCDirectINCRnINC@Ri

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupDECADECDirectDECRnDEC@Ri

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*SKB'sArithmetic Operation GroupINCDPTRMULABDIVABDAA

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*SKB'sLogical Operation GroupANL A,DirectANL A,RnANL A,@RiANL A,#DataANL Direct,AANL Direct,#Data

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*SKB'sLogical Operation GroupORL A,DirectORL A,RnORL A,@RiORL A,#DataORL Direct,AORL Direct,#Data

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*SKB'sLogical Operation GroupXRL A,DirectXRL A,RnXRL A,@RiXRL A,#DataXRL Direct,AXRL Direct,#Data

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*SKB'sLogical Operation GroupCLRACPLARLARLCARRARRCASWAP A

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*SKB'sData Transfer GroupMOV A,DirectMOV A,RnMOV A,@RiMOV A,#DataMOV Rn,DirectMOV Rn,@RiMOV Rn,#Data

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*SKB'sData Transfer GroupMOV Direct,DirectMOV Direct,RnMOV Direct,@RiMOV Direct,#DataMOV Direct,AMOV @Ri,AMOV @Ri,#Data

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*SKB'sData Transfer GroupMOV @Ri,DirectMOV DPTR,#DATA16MOVC A,@A+DPTRMOVC A,@A+PCMOVX A,@RiMOVX @Ri,AMOVX @DPTR,A

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*SKB'sData Transfer GroupPUSH DirectPOP DirectXCH A,RnXCH A,DirectXCH A,@RiXCHD A,@Ri

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*SKB'sBoolean Variable Manipulation GroupCLRCCLRbitSETBCSETB bitCPLCCPLbit

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*SKB'sBoolean Variable Manipulation GroupANLC,bitANLC,/bit ORLC,bitORLC,/bitMOVC,bitMOVbit,C

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*SKB'sBoolean Variable Manipulation GroupJCrelJNCrelJBbit,relJNBbit,relJBC bit,rel

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*SKB'sProgram Branching GroupACALLaddr11LCALLaddr16RETRETIAJMPaddr11LJMPaddr16SJMPrel

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*SKB'sProgram Branching GroupJMP @A+DPTRJZ relJNZ relCJNE A,Direct,relCJNE A,#Data,relCJNE Rn,#Data,relCJNE @Ri,#Data,rel

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*SKB'sProgram Branching GroupDJNZ Rn,relDJNZ Direct,relNOP

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*SKB'sUNIT - IV

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface24 Programmable I/O pinsThree Configurable Ports - A,B & CBSR ModeTTL Compatible

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral Interface

A1A0Select00PA01PB10PC11Control reg.

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral InterfaceControl Word - GeneralBSR Mode Select0 = BSR Mode Enabled1 = BSR Mode Enabled

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral InterfaceX X XNot UsedBit Select000 = Bit 0001 = Bit 1010 = Bit 2011 = Bit 3100 = Bit 4101 = Bit 5110 = Bit 6111 = Bit 70 BSR Mode SelectedControl Word BSR ModeBit Set/Reset1 = Set0 = Reset

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*SKB's8255 Programmable Peripheral InterfaceMode 0 :-

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval Timer3 Independent 16bit CountersDC - 2.6MHzBCD or Binary CountingProgrammable Counting ModesSingle Supply Operations

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval TimerPin Diagram :-

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval TimerBlock Diagram :-

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval TimerSystem Interface :-

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval TimerMode Select000 = Mode 0001 = Mode 1X10 = Mode 2X11 = Mode 3100 = Mode 4 101 = Mode 5 Select Counter 00 = Select Counter 001 = Select Counter 110 = Select Counter 211 = IllegalControl WordBinary / BCD1 = BCD0 = BinaryRead / Load00 = Counter Latching01 = Read/Load MSB only10 = Read/Load LSB only11 = Read/Load LSB first then MSB

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*SKB's8253 Programmable Interval TimerMode 0 :-

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*SKB'sMode 1 :-8253 Programmable Interval Timer

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*SKB's8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display InterfaceSimultaneous Keyboard & Display DriveScanned Keyboard ModeScanned Sensor Mode8-Character Keyboard FIFODuel 8 / 16 Numerical DisplayR / L Entry 16 bit Display RAMMode Programmable From CPUProgrammable Scan TimingInterrupt Output on Key Entry

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*SKB'sPin Diagram :-8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display Interface

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*SKB'sSignal Diagram :-8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display Interface

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*SKB'sBlock Diagram :-8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display Interface

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*SKB'sSystem Interface :-8279 Programmable Keyboard / Display Interface

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*SKB's8251 Programmable Communication InterfacePin Diagram :-

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*SKB'sBlock Diagram :-8251 Programmable Communication Interface

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*SKB'sSystem Interface :-8251 Programmable Communication Interface

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*SKB's8251 Programmable Communication InterfaceMode Instruction Format

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*SKB's8251 Programmable Communication InterfaceCommand Instruction Format

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*SKB'sUNIT - V

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*SKB'sStepper Motor ControlMatrix KeyboardDynamic 7 Segment DisplayAnalog to Digital converterDC Motor ControlLCD DisplaySerial Data Transfer

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STEPPER MOTOR CONTROLStepper MotorWinding DiagramSpecificationsRotation / Excitation methodsClockwise / Anti Clockwise SequenceSingle & Multi Winding ExcitationDriving unit Digital & Analog

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

W1W2W3W4

1100

0011

1001

0110

0011

1001

1100

0110

STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL

MATRIX KEYBOARDGeneral Keyboard StructureAdv & Disadv of General KeyboardLayout of Matrix KeyboardScanning and Sense LinesScan SequenceKey De-bounce Methods

MATRIX KEYBOARD1234567890#Scan LinesSense LinesMATRIX KEYBOARD DRIVER

MATRIX KEYBOARD1234567890#RL0RL1SL0RL2SL1SL2SL3Scan LinesSense Lines

MATRIX KEYBOARD1234567890#

MATRIX KEYBOARD

DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYSeven Segment DisplayEight LEDsTwo types Common Anode & Common CathodeDynamic Seven Segment DisplayScan Sequence

DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAYVSeven Segment DisplayabcdefgdpabcdefgdpCommon

DYNAMIC 7 SEGMENT DISPLAY

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERADCWorkingTypesApplicationsSpecifications No of Bits, i/p, o/p etc

ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTER

DC MOTOR CONTROLDC MotorSpeed Control MethodsAdvantage of PWM MethodDriving Circuit

DC MOTOR CONTROL

LCD DISPLAYPrinciple of LCD16x2 LCDLCD Module Driver & ScreenRAMCharacter MoldingDisplay Type Cursor, L/R Entry etc

LCD DISPLAY

*SKB's

Pin numberSymbolLevelI/OFunction1Vss--Power supply (GND)2Vcc--Power supply (+5V)3Vee--Contrast adjust4RS0/1I0 = Instruction input, 1 = Data input5R/W0/1I0 = Write to LCD module, 1 = Read from LCD module6E1, 1->0IEnable signal7DB00/1I/OData bus line 0 (LSB)8DB10/1I/OData bus line 19DB20/1I/OData bus line 210DB30/1I/OData bus line 311DB40/1I/OData bus line 412DB50/1I/OData bus line 513DB60/1I/OData bus line 614DB70/1I/OData bus line 7 (MSB)

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*SKB's

InstructionCodeDescriptionExecution timeRSR/WDB7DB6DB5DB4DB3DB2DB1DB0Clear display0000000001Clears display and returns cursor to the home position (address 0).1.64mSCursor home000000001*Returns cursor to home position (address 0). Also returns display being shifted to the original position. DDRAM contents remains unchanged.1.64mSEntry mode set00000001I/DSSets cursor move direction (I/D), specifies to shift the display (S). These operations are performed during data read/write.40uSDisplay On/Off control0000001DCBSets On/Off of all display (D), cursor On/Off (C) and blink of cursor position character (B).40uSCursor/display shift000001S/CR/L**Sets cursor-move or display-shift (S/C), shift direction (R/L). DDRAM contents remains unchanged.40uSFunction set00001DLNF**Sets interface data length (DL), number of display line (N) and character font(F).40uSSet CGRAM address0001CGRAM addressSets the CGRAM address. CGRAM data is sent and received after this setting.40uSSet DDRAM address001DDRAM addressSets the DDRAM address. DDRAM data is sent and received after this setting.40uSRead busy-flag and address counter01BFCGRAM / DDRAM addressReads Busy-flag (BF) indicating internal operation is being performed and reads CGRAM or DDRAM address counter contents (depending on previous instruction).0uSWrite to CGRAM or DDRAM10write dataWrites data to CGRAM or DDRAM.40uSRead from CGRAM or DDRAM11read dataReads data from CGRAM or DDRAM.40uS

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LCD DISPLAY

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microcontrollers & applications

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