medical anatomy/physiology state final review!!!!!

Medical Medical Anatomy/Physiology Anatomy/Physiology

State Final Review!!!!!State Final Review!!!!!

#1.What cavity holds the #1.What cavity holds the liver (Hint: RUQ)?liver (Hint: RUQ)?

1.1. ThoracicThoracic

2.2. Abdominal Abdominal

3.3. CranialCranial

4.4. DorsalDorsal

#2 Which term denotes or #2 Which term denotes or describes describes AnatomyAnatomy??

1.1. StructureStructure

2.2. FunctionFunction

#3 What is the name of the #3 What is the name of the mechanism that works like mechanism that works like a pendulum, it initiates an a pendulum, it initiates an action to action to reverse or reducereverse or reduce

the original stimulus?the original stimulus?1.1. Positive Positive

Feedback Feedback SystemSystem

2.2. Negative Negative Feedback Feedback SystemSystem

#4 What plane divides you #4 What plane divides you into into equalequal right and left right and left

halves?halves?1.1. TransverseTransverse

2.2. CoronalCoronal

3.3. HorizontalHorizontal

4.4. FrontalFrontal

5.5. MidsagittalMidsagittal

#5 Which is #5 Which is NOTNOT an an example of Positive example of Positive

Feedback?Feedback?1.1. Breast FeedingBreast Feeding

2.2. Child BirthChild Birth

3.3. Blood SugarBlood Sugar

4.4. Blood ClottingBlood Clotting

#6 Which is the proper #6 Which is the proper order of the levels of order of the levels of

organization?organization?

Chem

ical

: Ca+

Org

anis

m: H

uman

Body

Cel

lula

r: M

uscle

Fib

er

Org

an S

yste

m:

Card.

..

Tis

sue:

Mus

cle

Org

an: H

eart

1,3

,5,6

,4, a

nd 2

14% 14% 14% 14%14%14%14%1.1. Chemical: Ca+Chemical: Ca+2.2. Organism: Human Organism: Human

BodyBody3.3. Cellular: Muscle Cellular: Muscle

FiberFiber4.4. Organ System: Organ System:

CardiovascularCardiovascular5.5. Tissue: MuscleTissue: Muscle6.6. Organ: HeartOrgan: Heart7.7. 1,3,5,6,4, and 21,3,5,6,4, and 2

#7 In which quadrant will #7 In which quadrant will you find the spleen?you find the spleen?

1.1. LUQLUQ

2.2. LLQLLQ

3.3. RUQRUQ

4.4. RLQRLQ

#8 Which is NOT a #8 Which is NOT a homeostatic mechanism homeostatic mechanism said to work by negative said to work by negative

feedback?feedback?1.1. Blood SugarBlood Sugar

2.2. Blood Pressure Blood Pressure RegulationRegulation

3.3. Cardiac OutputCardiac Output

4.4. Blood ClottingBlood Clotting

5.5. Temperature Temperature Regulation Regulation

#9 What anatomical plane #9 What anatomical plane cuts you into front and back cuts you into front and back

halves?halves?1.1. Frontal Frontal

2.2. TransverseTransverse

3.3. Horizontal Horizontal

4.4. CoronalCoronal

5.5. Both 1 and 4Both 1 and 4



#10 Which one is #10 Which one is NOTNOT an an ion?ion?

1.1. Na+Na+

2.2. Fe++Fe++

3.3. Cl-Cl-

4.4. KK

5.5. H+H+

#11 What is NOT one of the #11 What is NOT one of the most abundant element in most abundant element in

the body?the body?1.1. K- potassiumK- potassium

2.2. C- CarbonC- Carbon

3.3. N- NitrogenN- Nitrogen

4.4. H- HydrogenH- Hydrogen

5.5. O- OxygenO- Oxygen

#12 What type of chemical #12 What type of chemical bonds transfer electrons bonds transfer electrons

from one atom to another?from one atom to another?1.1. Ionic BondIonic Bond

2.2. Covalent BondCovalent Bond

3.3. Hydrogen BondHydrogen Bond

#13 Which is or are a #13 Which is or are a states of Matter?states of Matter?

1.1. SolidSolid

2.2. LiquidLiquid

3.3. GasGas

4.4. All the AboveAll the Above

#14 Which answer best #14 Which answer best describes the pH scale?describes the pH scale?

1.1. A scale with the A scale with the range of 0-14.range of 0-14.

2.2. A scale for Na+ A scale for Na+ and K+ and K+ concentration.concentration.

3.3. A scale for H+ and A scale for H+ and OH- concentration.OH- concentration.

4.4. All the Above.All the Above.


6.6. Both 1 and 2 Both 1 and 2

#15 What is the pH in #15 What is the pH in blood?blood?

1.1. 6.46.4

2.2. 77

3.3. 7.47.4

4.4. 88

# 16 What is the most # 16 What is the most significant difference significant difference

between Organic between Organic CompoundsCompounds

and Inorganic Compounds?and Inorganic Compounds?(Hint: The presence of a certain element.)(Hint: The presence of a certain element.)

1.1. CarbonCarbon

2.2. HydrogenHydrogen

3.3. PotassiumPotassium

4.4. SodiumSodium

#17 What transportation #17 What transportation process uses ENERGY to process uses ENERGY to

transport ions AGAINST the transport ions AGAINST the concentration gradient?concentration gradient?

1.1. Passive Passive TransportTransport

2.2. Active Active TransportTransport

3.3. Na+/K+ PumpNa+/K+ Pump



#18 What structure #18 What structure controls controls ALLALL cellular cellular

activities?activities?1.1. MitochondriaMitochondria

2.2. CentrosomesCentrosomes

3.3. NucleusNucleus

4.4. Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

# 19 What organelle # 19 What organelle synthesizes protein?synthesizes protein?

1.1. Smooth Smooth Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

2.2. Rough Rough Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

3.3. Golgi ComplexGolgi Complex

4.4. MitochondriaMitochondria

# 20 What cellular # 20 What cellular structure is responsible for structure is responsible for moving the entire cell? (Not moving the entire cell? (Not

all cells have them)all cells have them)1.1. CiliaCilia

2.2. FlagellaFlagella

3.3. MicrofilamentsMicrofilaments

4.4. MicrotubulesMicrotubules


#21 Name the membrane #21 Name the membrane found in ALL moveable found in ALL moveable

joints?joints?1.1. Serous Serous

2.2. SynovialSynovial

3.3. CutaneousCutaneous

4.4. Mucous Mucous

#22 Which is NOT one of #22 Which is NOT one of the four main types of the four main types of

tissue?tissue?1.1. EpithelialEpithelial

2.2. ConnectiveConnective

3.3. OsseousOsseous

4.4. MuscleMuscle

5.5. NervousNervous

#23 What is the most #23 What is the most superficial layer of the skin?superficial layer of the skin?

1.1. EpidermisEpidermis

2.2. Dermis Dermis

3.3. SubcutaneousSubcutaneous

4.4. SubarachnoidSubarachnoid

#24 What organelle is the #24 What organelle is the site of product storage?site of product storage?

1.1. MitochondriaMitochondria


3.3. Endoplasmic Endoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

4.4. VacuoleVacuole

#25 What is NOT one the #25 What is NOT one the four MAIN cell components?four MAIN cell components?

1.1. Plasma Plasma MembraneMembrane

2.2. CiliaCilia

3.3. CytosolCytosol

4.4. OrganellesOrganelles

5.5. Nucleus Nucleus

#26 What type of cell #26 What type of cell division starts as a diploid division starts as a diploid cell and ends up as haploid cell and ends up as haploid

cells?cells?1.1. SegmentationSegmentation

2.2. MitosisMitosis

3.3. MeiosisMeiosis

4.4. Separation Separation

#27 What type of gland #27 What type of gland secretes hormones into the secretes hormones into the

bloodstream?bloodstream?1.1. SphenoidalSphenoidal

2.2. EndocrineEndocrine

3.3. MucousMucous

4.4. ExocrineExocrine

#28 What type of gland #28 What type of gland produces perspiration?produces perspiration?

1.1. SudoriferousSudoriferous

2.2. SebaceousSebaceous




#29 What type of tissue #29 What type of tissue binds structures together?binds structures together?

Epith

elia

l

Conne

ctiv

e

Musc

le

Ner

vous

25% 25%25%25%1.1. EpithelialEpithelial

2.2. ConnectiveConnective

3.3. MuscleMuscle

4.4. Nervous Nervous

#30 What type of #30 What type of membrane is found lining membrane is found lining body cavities without an body cavities without an opening to the outside?opening to the outside?

Ser

ous

Muco

us

Syn

ovial

Cuta

neous

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. SerousSerous

2.2. MucousMucous

3.3. SynovialSynovial

4.4. CutaneousCutaneous

#31 Which organelle #31 Which organelle produces the enzyme produces the enzyme

responsible for phagocytic responsible for phagocytic activity?activity?

Vac

uole

Golg

i Com

plex

Lys

osom

es

Rib

osom

es

25% 25%25%25%1.1. VacuoleVacuole


3.3. LysosomesLysosomes

4.4. RibosomesRibosomes

#32 What is a synovial #32 What is a synovial joint?joint?

It h

as a

fibr

ous

capsu

le

It h

as a

syn

ovial

me.

..

It is

found a

t the

kne.

.

All

the

above

.

25% 25%25%25%1.1. It has a fibrous It has a fibrous capsulecapsule

2.2. It has a synovial It has a synovial membranemembrane

3.3. It is found at It is found at the knee, the knee, shoulder, wrist, shoulder, wrist, ankle, elbows ankle, elbows and hips.and hips.

4.4. All the above.All the above.

#33 What type of joint is #33 What type of joint is the suture of the skull?the suture of the skull?

Syn

ovial

Fib

rous

Car

tilag

enou

s

33% 33%33%1.1. SynovialSynovial

2.2. FibrousFibrous

3.3. CartilagenousCartilagenous

#34 Which bone markings #34 Which bone markings are only found on the are only found on the

femur?femur?

Tuber

osity

Tuber

cle

Condy

le

Tro

chan

ter

25% 25%25%25%1.1. TuberosityTuberosity

2.2. TubercleTubercle

3.3. CondyleCondyle

4.4. TrochanterTrochanter

#35 Name the shaft of the #35 Name the shaft of the long bone?long bone?

Epip

hysis

Dia

physis

Met

aphy

sis

Per

iost

eum

25% 25%25%25%1.1. EpiphysisEpiphysis

2.2. DiaphysisDiaphysis

3.3. MetaphysisMetaphysis

4.4. PeriosteumPeriosteum

#36 What structure #36 What structure connects bone to bone?connects bone to bone?

Lig

amen

t

Ten

don

Musc

le

Fas

cia

25% 25%25%25%1.1. LigamentLigament

2.2. TendonTendon

3.3. MuscleMuscle

4.4. FasciaFascia

#37 Which one is NOT an #37 Which one is NOT an example of a fibrous joint?example of a fibrous joint?

Dis

tal e

nd of t

he Tib

i...

Sutu

res

for t

he cr

ani..

The

carp

al b

ones

.

Tee

th in

thei

r alv

eola

r...

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Distal end of the Distal end of the Tibia and Fibula.Tibia and Fibula.

2.2. Sutures for the Sutures for the cranial bones.cranial bones.

3.3. The carpal The carpal bones.bones.

4.4. Teeth in their Teeth in their alveolar sockets.alveolar sockets.

#38 What cells break down #38 What cells break down existing bone matrix?existing bone matrix?

Ost

eobl

asts

Ost

eons

Ost

eocl

asts

Osi

cles

25% 25%25%25%1.1. OsteoblastsOsteoblasts

2.2. OsteonsOsteons

3.3. OsteoclastsOsteoclasts

4.4. OsiclesOsicles

#39 Name the bone with no #39 Name the bone with no articulations?articulations?

Man

dible

Rad

ius

Cla

vicl

e

Hyo

id

25% 25%25%25%1.1. MandibleMandible

2.2. RadiusRadius

3.3. ClavicleClavicle

4.4. HyoidHyoid

#40 Name the theory that #40 Name the theory that involves actin and myosin?involves actin and myosin?

Myo

sin

atta

ches

to a

c...

Myo

sin

acts

as

a “r

at...

Myo

sin

will p

ull ac

tin...

All

the

Above.

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Myosin attaches Myosin attaches to actin.to actin.

2.2. Myosin acts as Myosin acts as a “ratchet”.a “ratchet”.

3.3. Myosin will pull Myosin will pull actin causing actin causing the saromere to the saromere to contraction.contraction.


#41 What muscle type #41 What muscle type would you find intercalated would you find intercalated

disks and gap junctions?disks and gap junctions?

Sm

ooth M

uscl

e

Ske

leta

l Mus

cle

Car

diac

Musc

le

None

of the

abo

ve

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle

2.2. Skeletal MuscleSkeletal Muscle

3.3. Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle

4.4. None of the None of the aboveabove

#42 Which muscle #42 Which muscle attachment is said to be attachment is said to be

most proximal and have the most proximal and have the larger surface area?larger surface area?

Orig

in

Sutu

re

Inse

rtion

Tuber

cle

25% 25%25%25%1.1. OriginOrigin

2.2. SutureSuture

3.3. InsertionInsertion


#43 Name the condition #43 Name the condition that is characterized by that is characterized by

chronic pain in muscles and chronic pain in muscles and soft tissue around joints.soft tissue around joints.

Chin

Splin

ts

Fib

rom

yalg

ia

Musc

le S

prai

n

Musc

ular D

ystro

phy

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. Chin SplintsChin Splints

2.2. FibromyalgiaFibromyalgia

3.3. Muscle SprainMuscle Sprain

4.4. Muscular Muscular DystrophyDystrophy

#44 Synergist is defined #44 Synergist is defined as?as?

A m

uscl

e th

at a

ssis

ts...

A m

uscl

e th

at p

rovi

d..

A m

uscl

e th

at p

rovi

de...

33% 33%33%1.1. A muscle that A muscle that

assists the agonist assists the agonist by providing by providing additional force.additional force.

2.2. A muscle that A muscle that provides the provides the majority of the majority of the force.force.

3.3. A muscle that A muscle that provides the provides the opposite opposite movement.movement.

#45 Which is NOT a #45 Which is NOT a muscular function?muscular function?

Motio

n by

mov

ing th

...

Post

ure –

sta

bilizin

g...

Motio

n of p

ushin

g ag...

Reg

ulat

ion o

f org

an ..

.

Ther

mogen

esis

Pro

tect

ion

of inte

rnal

...

17% 17% 17%17%17%17%

1.1. Motion by moving Motion by moving the skeletal levers of the skeletal levers of the body.the body.

2.2. Posture – stabilizing Posture – stabilizing body positions.body positions.

3.3. Motion of pushing Motion of pushing against the skeletal against the skeletal levers.levers.

4.4. Regulation of organ Regulation of organ volume.volume.

5.5. Thermogenesis Thermogenesis 6.6. Protection of internal Protection of internal

organs.organs.

#46 The thin filament in a #46 The thin filament in a muscle fiber is called?muscle fiber is called?

Act

in

Myo

sin

8%

92%1.1. Actin Actin

2.2. MyosinMyosin

#47 What muscle extends #47 What muscle extends the knee?the knee?

Gas

trocn

emiu

s

Glu

teus

Max

imus

Quad

ricep

s

Ham

strin

gs

0%

48%48%

4%

1.1. GastrocnemiusGastrocnemius

2.2. Gluteus Gluteus MaximusMaximus

3.3. QuadricepsQuadriceps

4.4. HamstringsHamstrings

#48 Name the two parts of #48 Name the two parts of the diencephalon.the diencephalon.

Thal

amus

Hyp

otha

lam

us

Mid

brain

Cer

ebel

lum

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

1 a

nd 3

Both

1 a

nd 4

0% 0% 0%

8%

0%

92%

0%

1.1. ThalamusThalamus

2.2. HypothalamusHypothalamus

3.3. MidbrainMidbrain

4.4. CerebellumCerebellum




#49 What does the #49 What does the brainstem regulate?brainstem regulate?

Rel

ay s

tatio

n for b

oth...

Reg

ulat

es h

eart

rate

, ...

Reg

ulat

es ra

te a

nd d...

Reg

ulat

es re

flex

cent..

.

All

the

Above.

9%

18%

59%

14%

0%

1.1. Relay station for both Relay station for both sensory and motor sensory and motor nerves.nerves.

2.2. Regulates heart rate, Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, blood pressure, breathing, breathing, swallowing, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, coughing, sneezing, and vomiting.and vomiting.

3.3. Regulates rate and Regulates rate and depth of breathing.depth of breathing.

4.4. Regulates reflex Regulates reflex centers for hearing, centers for hearing, vision, and posture.vision, and posture.


Oute

r Ear

Mid

dle E

ar

Inne

r Ear

None

of the

Above

.

0% 4%

88%

8%

#50 Where do you find the #50 Where do you find the vestibule, semicircular vestibule, semicircular canal, and the cochlea?canal, and the cochlea?

1.1. Outer EarOuter Ear

2.2. Middle EarMiddle Ear

3.3. Inner EarInner Ear

4.4. None of the None of the Above.Above.

#51 What does the #51 What does the temporal lobe do?temporal lobe do?

Contro

ls s

kele

tal m

us...

Tem

perat

ure, t

ouch, .

..

Hea

ring, b

alan

ce, a

..

Vis

ion.

17%13%

67%

4%

1.1. Controls skeletal Controls skeletal muscles, muscles, concentration, concentration, planning, problem planning, problem solving, writing, and solving, writing, and speech.speech.

2.2. Temperature, touch, Temperature, touch, pressure, and pain pressure, and pain from skin.from skin.

3.3. Hearing, balance, Hearing, balance, and memory of visual and memory of visual scenes and music.scenes and music.

4.4. Vision.Vision.

#52 Which is not a part of #52 Which is not a part of the brainstem?the brainstem?

Med

ulla O

blong

ata

Bro

ca’s

are

a

Pons

Mid

brain

4%9%9%

78%1.1. Medulla Medulla OblongataOblongata

2.2. Broca’s areaBroca’s area

3.3. PonsPons

4.4. MidbrainMidbrain

#53 What are the primary #53 What are the primary divisions of the nervous divisions of the nervous

system?system?

Cen

tral (

CNS)

Per

ipher

al (P

NS)

Tra

nsver

se (T

NS)

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

2 a

nd 3

Both

1 a

nd 3

8%

0%

24%

16%

52%

0%

1.1. Central (CNS)Central (CNS)

2.2. Peripheral (PNS)Peripheral (PNS)

3.3. Transverse Transverse (TNS)(TNS)




#54 What part of the brain #54 What part of the brain controls balance and controls balance and

coordination?coordination?

Cer

ebel

lum

Spin

al C

ord

Par

ieta

l Lobe

Occ

ipita

l Lobe

52%

12%

24%

12%

1.1. CerebellumCerebellum

2.2. Spinal CordSpinal Cord

3.3. Parietal LobeParietal Lobe

4.4. Occipital LobeOccipital Lobe

# 55 Name the part of the # 55 Name the part of the outer ear that directs sound outer ear that directs sound

waves to the tympanic waves to the tympanic membrane.membrane.

Auric

le

Audito

ry C

anal

Audito

ry (E

usta

chia

..

Audito

ry O

ssic

les

13% 13%

38%38%

1.1. AuricleAuricle

2.2. Auditory CanalAuditory Canal

3.3. Auditory Auditory (Eustachian) (Eustachian) Tube.Tube.

4.4. Auditory Auditory OssiclesOssicles

#56 What is the pigmented #56 What is the pigmented part of the eye, and what part of the eye, and what

does it do?does it do?

Len

s, h

elps

focu

s

Iris

, reg

ulate

s th

e am

...

Choro

id, n

ourish th

e ...

Scl

era,

pro

tect

s an

d ...

0% 0%4%

96%1.1. Lens, helps focusLens, helps focus

2.2. Iris, regulates the Iris, regulates the amount of lightamount of light

3.3. Choroid, nourish Choroid, nourish the retinathe retina

4.4. Sclera, protects Sclera, protects and shapes the and shapes the eyeeye

#57 Which one is NOT a #57 Which one is NOT a lobe of the cerebrum?lobe of the cerebrum?

Fro

ntal

Par

ieta

l

Tem

poral

Occ

ipita

l

Pons

0%5%

91%

5%0%

1.1. FrontalFrontal

2.2. ParietalParietal

3.3. TemporalTemporal

4.4. OccipitalOccipital

5.5. PonsPons

#58 Which one is a stage of #58 Which one is a stage of hemostasis?hemostasis?

Vas

cula

r Spas

m

Pla

tele

t Plu

g For

mat

ion

Coag

ulatio

n

All

the

Above

0%

96%

4%0%

1.1. Vascular SpasmVascular Spasm

2.2. Platelet Plug Platelet Plug FormationFormation

3.3. CoagulationCoagulation


#59 What system is #59 What system is responsible for changes responsible for changes

during puberty?during puberty?

Endoc

rine

Exo

crin

e

Myo

card

ial

Ske

leta

l

95%

0%0%5%

1.1. EndocrineEndocrine


3.3. MyocardialMyocardial

4.4. SkeletalSkeletal

#60 What is the name of #60 What is the name of the triangular glands on the triangular glands on

each kidney?each kidney?

Thyr

oid

Thym

us

Adre

nals

Pitu

itary

4% 0%

96%

0%

1.1. ThyroidThyroid

2.2. ThymusThymus

3.3. AdrenalsAdrenals

4.4. Pituitary Pituitary

#61 What causes #61 What causes acromegaly?acromegaly?

Hyp

erse

cret

ion o

f G...

Hyp

osec

retio

n of G

r...

Hyp

erse

cret

ion o

f G...

74%

9%17%

1.1. Hypersecretion of Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone Growth Hormone in Adulthood.in Adulthood.

2.2. Hyposecretion of Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone.Growth Hormone.

3.3. Hypersecretion of Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone Growth Hormone in Childhood.in Childhood.

#62 What is the Thyroid #62 What is the Thyroid hormone that helps hormone that helps

influence metabolism and influence metabolism and metabolic rate?metabolic rate?

Thyr

oid S

timula

ting.

..

Thyr

oxine

(T4)

Epin

ephr

ine

Nore

pinep

hrine

82%

0%9%9%

1.1. Thyroid Thyroid Stimulating Stimulating Hormone (TSH)Hormone (TSH)

2.2. Thyroxine (T4)Thyroxine (T4)

3.3. EpinephrineEpinephrine

4.4. NorepinephrineNorepinephrine

#63 Which is a #63 Which is a HYPOHYPOsecretion of growth secretion of growth

hormone (GH)?hormone (GH)?

Acr

omeg

aly

Gig

antis

m

Dwar

fism

Myx

edem

a

4%8%

76%

12%

1.1. AcromegalyAcromegaly

2.2. GigantismGigantism

3.3. DwarfismDwarfism

4.4. MyxedemaMyxedema

#64 Which one is NOT a #64 Which one is NOT a gland of the endocrine gland of the endocrine

system?system?

Pitu

itary

Thyr

oid

Adre

nals

Pan

crea

s

Sple

en

4%

16%

60%

16%

4%

1.1. PituitaryPituitary

2.2. ThyroidThyroid

3.3. AdrenalsAdrenals

4.4. PancreasPancreas

5.5. SpleenSpleen

#65 What is considered to #65 What is considered to be the MASTER Gland? and be the MASTER Gland? and

Why?Why?

Adre

nal

Pitu

itary

Thyr

oid

Pan

crea

s

4%0%

27%

69%1.1. AdrenalAdrenal

2.2. PituitaryPituitary

3.3. ThyroidThyroid

4.4. Pancreas Pancreas

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/previews/961/50312054.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.dkimages.com/discover/Home/Health-and-Beauty/Human-Body/Endocrine-System/Unassigned/Unassigned-11.html&h=768&w=638&sz=122&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=bUrqGqCI6Y7PRM:&tbnh=&tbnw=&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpituitary%26ndsp%3D18%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-US%26sa%3DN

#66 What disease is #66 What disease is characterized by the body’s characterized by the body’s

inability to regulate BS?inability to regulate BS?

Cre

tinis

m

Acr

omeg

aly

Dia

betes

Mel

litus

Dwar

fism

17%

0%

79%

4%

1.1. CretinismCretinism

2.2. AcromegalyAcromegaly

3.3. Diabetes Diabetes MellitusMellitus

4.4. DwarfismDwarfism

#67 What disorder is known #67 What disorder is known for infected swollen parotid for infected swollen parotid

glands?glands?

Mum

ps

Rubel

la

Mea

sles

Tet

anus

24%

0%8%

68%1.1. MumpsMumps

2.2. RubellaRubella

3.3. MeaslesMeasles

4.4. Tetanus Tetanus

#68 What type of blood has #68 What type of blood has B antigens and A B antigens and A

antibodies?antibodies?

A B AB O

30%

4%

13%

52%

1.1. AA

2.2. BB

3.3. ABAB

4.4. OO

#69 Neutrophils and #69 Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of lymphocytes are types of

what?what?

Whi

te B

lood C

ells

(...

Leu

kocy

tes

Ery

thro

cyte

s

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

2 a

nd 3

Both

1 a

nd 3

4%0% 0%

8%

80%

8%

1.1. White Blood White Blood Cells (WBC)Cells (WBC)

2.2. LeukocytesLeukocytes

3.3. ErythrocytesErythrocytes




#70 Which WBC does HIV #70 Which WBC does HIV infect?infect?

T-S

uppres

sor

T-M

emory

T-H

elper

T-K

iller

14%18%

59%

9%

1.1. T-SuppressorT-Suppressor

2.2. T-MemoryT-Memory

3.3. T-HelperT-Helper

4.4. T-KillerT-Killer

#71 What best describes a #71 What best describes a RBC?RBC?

Anucl

eate

d

Nucl

eate

d

Bic

oncaved

Bic

onvexed

Both

1 a

nd 2

Both

2 a

nd 3

Both

2 a

nd 4

Both

1 a

nd 3

0% 0%

8%

46%

4%

38%

0%

4%

1.1. AnucleatedAnucleated

2.2. NucleatedNucleated

3.3. BiconcavedBiconcaved

4.4. BiconvexedBiconvexed





#72 What is considered an #72 What is considered an element in blood?element in blood?

Ery

thro

cyte

s

Leu

kocy

tes

Thro

mbocy

tes

Pla

sma

All

the

Above

0% 0%

85%

5%10%

1.1. ErythrocytesErythrocytes

2.2. LeukocytesLeukocytes

3.3. ThrombocytesThrombocytes

4.4. PlasmaPlasma


#73 What cells are #73 What cells are responsible for synthesis of responsible for synthesis of

antibodies?antibodies?

B ly

mphoc

ytes

T ly

mphoc

ytes

Mono

cyte

s

Eosi

nophils

25%

8%

29%

38%1.1. B lymphocytesB lymphocytes

2.2. T lymphocytesT lymphocytes

3.3. MonocytesMonocytes

4.4. Eosinophils Eosinophils

#74 What valve is found #74 What valve is found between the right atrium between the right atrium and the right ventricle?and the right ventricle?

Bic

uspid

Tric

uspid

Aorti

c

Pulm

onar

y

36%

12%16%

36%1.1. BicuspidBicuspid

2.2. TricuspidTricuspid

3.3. AorticAortic

4.4. PulmonaryPulmonary

#75 What is the primary #75 What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?pacemaker of the heart?

Purk

injie

Fib

ers

Bundl

e of H

IS

SA N

ode

AV N

ode

4%

52%

43%

0%

1.1. Purkinjie FibersPurkinjie Fibers

2.2. Bundle of HISBundle of HIS

3.3. SA NodeSA Node

4.4. AV NodeAV Node

#76 Which serous #76 Which serous membrane surrounds the membrane surrounds the

heart?heart?

Epic

ardiu

m

Myo

card

ium

Endoc

ardiu

m

65%

9%

26%

1.1. EpicardiumEpicardium

2.2. MyocardiumMyocardium

3.3. EndocardiumEndocardium

#77 Name the genetic #77 Name the genetic condition where the blood condition where the blood

lacks clotting factor.lacks clotting factor.

Anem

ia

Leu

kem

ia

Hem

ophilia

Hem

olytic

Dis

ease

o...

12%0%

88%

0%

1.1. AnemiaAnemia

2.2. LeukemiaLeukemia

3.3. HemophiliaHemophilia

4.4. Hemolytic Hemolytic Disease of a Disease of a NewbornNewborn

#78 In what vessel type #78 In what vessel type does the nutrients does the nutrients exchange happen?exchange happen?

Arte

ries

Ven

ules

Arte

riole

s

Cap

illar

ies

Vei

ns

12%8% 8%

60%

12%

1.1. ArteriesArteries

2.2. VenulesVenules

3.3. ArteriolesArterioles

4.4. CapillariesCapillaries

5.5. Veins Veins

#79 What is the cardiac #79 What is the cardiac cycle term for relaxation of cycle term for relaxation of

the ventricles?the ventricles?

Sys

tole

Dia

stol

e

96%

4%

1.1. SystoleSystole

2.2. DiastoleDiastole

#80 What artery carries #80 What artery carries deoxygenated blood?deoxygenated blood?

Pulm

onar

y

Aorta

Car

otid

Circ

le o

f Will

is

58%

0%4%

38%

1.1. PulmonaryPulmonary

2.2. Aorta Aorta

3.3. CarotidCarotid

4.4. Circle of WillisCircle of Willis

#81 What is the gas #81 What is the gas exchange called that exchange called that happens between the happens between the

capillaries and the body capillaries and the body cells?cells?

Inte

rnal

Res

piratio

n

Ext

ernal

Res

piratio

n

Ven

tilat

ion

69%

15%15%

1.1. Internal Internal RespirationRespiration

2.2. External External RespirationRespiration

3.3. VentilationVentilation

#82 Name the respiratory #82 Name the respiratory pathway into the body.pathway into the body.

Nose

-Nar

es

Nas

al C

avity

Nas

ophar

ynx-

Phary

nx

Lar

ynx-

Trach

ea

Bro

nchi-B

ronc

hiole

s

Alv

eola

r Duc

t-Alv

eoli

1-6

is th

e pat

hway

0%5%

0%

90%

5%0%0%

1.1. Nose-NaresNose-Nares

2.2. Nasal CavityNasal Cavity

3.3. Nasopharynx-Nasopharynx-PharynxPharynx

4.4. Larynx-TracheaLarynx-Trachea

5.5. Bronchi-Bronchi-BronchiolesBronchioles

6.6. Alveolar Duct-Alveolar Duct-AlveoliAlveoli

7.7. 1-6 is the pathway1-6 is the pathway

#83 What is the air called #83 What is the air called that you breath in and out that you breath in and out during normal breathing?during normal breathing?

Tid

al V

olum

e

Vita

l Cap

acity

(TV)

(VC)

Both

1 a

nd 3

Both

2 a

nd 4

4%9%

13%

74%

0%0%

1.1. Tidal VolumeTidal Volume

2.2. Vital CapacityVital Capacity

3.3. (TV)(TV)

4.4. (VC)(VC)



#84 What is the disorder #84 What is the disorder where the lungs are filling where the lungs are filling

up with pus and fluid?up with pus and fluid?

Pneu

moni

a

Influ

enza

Em

physem

a

Tuber

culo

sis

57%

30%

13%

0%

1.1. PneumoniaPneumonia

2.2. InfluenzaInfluenza

3.3. EmphysemaEmphysema

4.4. TuberculosisTuberculosis

#85 What is the primary #85 What is the primary stimulus for increase stimulus for increase

breathing?breathing?

O2

CO2

Dia

phram

Vag

us Ner

ve

5%

16%

47%

32%

1.1. O2O2

2.2. CO2CO2

3.3. DiaphramDiaphram

4.4. Vagus NerveVagus Nerve

#86 What structure forms #86 What structure forms the “Adam’s Apple”?the “Adam’s Apple”?

Hyo

id

Cric

oid C

artil

age

Thyr

oid C

artil

age

Epig

lotti

s

21%

8%

29%

42%1.1. HyoidHyoid

2.2. Cricoid Cricoid CartilageCartilage

3.3. Thyroid Thyroid CartilageCartilage

4.4. EpiglottisEpiglottis

#87 Where does gas #87 Where does gas exchange occur in the exchange occur in the

lungs?lungs?

Bro

nchio

les

Alv

eoli

Bro

nchi

Tra

chea

10%

0%

15%

75%1.1. BronchiolesBronchioles

2.2. AlveoliAlveoli

3.3. BronchiBronchi

4.4. TracheaTrachea

#88 Which one is NOT a #88 Which one is NOT a section of the small section of the small

intestine?intestine?

Cec

um

Duode

num

Jej

unum

Ileu

m

65%

15%15%

5%

1.1. CecumCecum

2.2. DuodenumDuodenum

3.3. JejunumJejunum

4.4. IleumIleum

#89 Which is NOT a #89 Which is NOT a segment of the large segment of the large

intestine? intestine?

Cec

um

Asc

endin

g Colo

n

Tra

nsvers

e Colo

n

Des

cendin

g Colo

n

Sig

imoid

Colo

n

Rec

tum

Ileu

m

Anal

Can

al

0% 0%4% 4%

70%

9%4%

9%

1.1. CecumCecum

2.2. Ascending ColonAscending Colon

3.3. Transverse ColonTransverse Colon

4.4. Descending Descending ColonColon

5.5. Sigimoid ColonSigimoid Colon

6.6. RectumRectum

7.7. IleumIleum

8.8. Anal CanalAnal Canal

#90 What does salivary #90 What does salivary amylase breakdown?amylase breakdown?

Sta

rch

Fat

s

Mal

tose

Sucr

ose

63%

17%

8%13%

1.1. StarchStarch

2.2. FatsFats

3.3. MaltoseMaltose

4.4. SucroseSucrose

#91 Where is bile #91 Where is bile stored?stored?

Liv

er

Sple

en

Gal

lbla

dder

Pan

crea

s

8% 8%

75%

8%

1.1. LiverLiver

2.2. SpleenSpleen

3.3. GallbladderGallbladder


#92 Which is NOT a #92 Which is NOT a accessory organ in the accessory organ in the

digestive system?digestive system?

Sal

ivar

y G

lands

Liv

er

Eso

phagus

Gal

lbla

dder

Pan

crea

s

10%5%

19%

24%

43%1.1. Salivary GlandsSalivary Glands

2.2. LiverLiver

3.3. EsophagusEsophagus

4.4. GallbladderGallbladder


#93 What does pepsinogen #93 What does pepsinogen help chemically digest?help chemically digest?

Car

bohydra

tes

Pro

tein

s

Lip

ids

13%

52%

35%

1.1. CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

2.2. ProteinsProteins

3.3. LipidsLipids

#94 What does bile do?#94 What does bile do?

Aid

s in

lipid

dig

estio

n

Em

ulsifi

es fa

ts

Bre

aks

fat i

nto

smal

le...

All

the

Above

0%

91%

4%4%

1.1. Aids in lipid Aids in lipid digestiondigestion

2.2. Emulsifies fatsEmulsifies fats

3.3. Breaks fat into Breaks fat into smaller piecessmaller pieces


#95 Which is NOT a layer of #95 Which is NOT a layer of a tooth?a tooth?

Enam

el

Den

tin

Gin

giva

Pulp

Root C

anal

0%

20%

5%10%

65%1.1. EnamelEnamel

2.2. DentinDentin

3.3. GingivaGingiva

4.4. PulpPulp

5.5. Root CanalRoot Canal

#96 What is the outer layer #96 What is the outer layer of kidney called?of kidney called?

Corte

x

Med

ulla

50%50%1.1. CortexCortex

2.2. MedullaMedulla

#97 What processes are #97 What processes are involved in urine involved in urine

production?production?

Glo

mer

ular F

iltra

tion

Tubul

ar R

eabso

rptio

n

Tubul

ar S

ecre

tion

All

the

Above a

re a

ss...

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Glomerular Glomerular FiltrationFiltration

2.2. Tubular Tubular ReabsorptionReabsorption

3.3. Tubular SecretionTubular Secretion

4.4. All the Above are All the Above are associated with associated with Nephron function.Nephron function.

#98 What is NOT part of #98 What is NOT part of the urinary system?the urinary system?

Kid

neys

Ren

al A

rtery

/Vei

n

Ure

ters

Bla

dder

Ure

thra

20% 20% 20%20%20%1.1. KidneysKidneys

2.2. Renal Renal Artery/VeinArtery/Vein

3.3. UretersUreters

4.4. Bladder Bladder

5.5. UrethraUrethra

#99 What kidney structure #99 What kidney structure is responsible for filtration?is responsible for filtration?

Adre

nals

Med

ullary

Cav

ity

Nep

hron

Med

ulla

25% 25%25%25%1.1. AdrenalsAdrenals

2.2. Medullary Medullary CavityCavity

3.3. NephronNephron

4.4. MedullaMedulla

#100 What urinary #100 What urinary structure stores urine?structure stores urine?

Med

ullary

Cav

ity

Kid

ney

Ure

ter

Bla

dder

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Medullary Medullary CavityCavity

2.2. KidneyKidney

3.3. UreterUreter

4.4. BladderBladder

#101 What disorder is #101 What disorder is caused by hyposecretion of caused by hyposecretion of

ADH?ADH?

Cys

titis

Dia

betes

Insi

pidus

Glo

mer

ulonep

hrit-is

Kid

ney S

tones

25% 25%25%25%1.1. CystitisCystitis

2.2. Diabetes Diabetes InsipidusInsipidus

3.3. GlomerulonephrGlomerulonephrit-isit-is

4.4. Kidney StonesKidney Stones

#102 Which term does NOT #102 Which term does NOT mean urination?mean urination?

Mic

turit

ion

Void

ing

Def

ecat

ion

33% 33%33%1.1. MicturitionMicturition

2.2. VoidingVoiding

3.3. Defecation Defecation

#103 What is the functional #103 What is the functional structure of the kidney?structure of the kidney?

Ure

ter

Ure

thra

Nep

hron

Bla

dder

25% 25%25%25%1.1. UreterUreter

2.2. UrethraUrethra

3.3. NephronNephron

4.4. BladderBladder

#104 Name the NON-#104 Name the NON-external male reproductive external male reproductive

structure?structure?

Pen

is

Pro

stat

e

Scr

otum

Tes

tes

25% 25%25%25%1.1. PenisPenis

2.2. ProstateProstate

3.3. ScrotumScrotum

4.4. TestesTestes

#105 How many days are #105 How many days are in a normal menstrual in a normal menstrual

cycle?cycle?

40 20 28 38

25% 25%25%25%1.1. 4040

2.2. 2020

3.3. 2828

4.4. 3838

#106 Dilation and #106 Dilation and effacement take place effacement take place

during what stage of labor?during what stage of labor?

Sta

ge 1

Sta

ge 2

Sta

ge 3

Sta

ge 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Stage 1Stage 1

2.2. Stage 2Stage 2

3.3. Stage 3Stage 3

4.4. Stage 4Stage 4

#107 Name the upper #107 Name the upper dome shape of the uterus.dome shape of the uterus.

Cer

vix

Body

Fundu

s

Fal

lopi

an

25% 25%25%25%1.1. CervixCervix

2.2. BodyBody

3.3. FundusFundus

4.4. FallopianFallopian

#108 Which of the cellular #108 Which of the cellular division does NOT form division does NOT form

gametes?gametes?

Mito

sis

Mei

osis

Sper

mat

ogenes

is

Ooge

nesis

25% 25%25%25%1.1. MitosisMitosis

2.2. MeiosisMeiosis

3.3. SpermatogenesSpermatogenesisis

4.4. OogenesisOogenesis

#109 What hormone is #109 What hormone is responsible for maintaining responsible for maintaining

the uterine lining during the uterine lining during pregnancy?pregnancy?

Est

rogen

Pro

geste

rone

Rel

axin

FSH

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. EstrogenEstrogen

2.2. ProgesteroneProgesterone

3.3. RelaxinRelaxin

4.4. FSHFSH

#110 What does the male #110 What does the male chromosome #23 look like?chromosome #23 look like?

X Y

Z

33% 33%33%1.1. XX

2.2. Y Y

3.3. ZZ

#111 Where does #111 Where does spermatogenesis take spermatogenesis take

place?place?

Sem

inal

Ves

icle

s

Duct

us Def

eren

s

Epid

idym

is

Tes

tes

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Seminal Seminal VesiclesVesicles

2.2. Ductus Ductus DeferensDeferens

3.3. EpididymisEpididymis

4.4. TestesTestes

#112 What directional term #112 What directional term means toward the midline?means toward the midline?

Super

ior

Infe

rior

Med

ial

Lat

eral

25% 25%25%25%1.1. SuperiorSuperior

2.2. InferiorInferior

3.3. MedialMedial

4.4. LateralLateral

#113 What term means an #113 What term means an accentuated secondary accentuated secondary

curve? curve?

Kyp

hosi

s

Lord

osis

Sco

liosi

s

Anta

lgic

25% 25%25%25%1.1. KyphosisKyphosis

2.2. LordosisLordosis

3.3. ScoliosisScoliosis

4.4. Antalgic Antalgic

#114 What term means #114 What term means opening?opening?

Sin

us

Condy

le

Tuber

cle

Fora

men

25% 25%25%25%1.1. SinusSinus

2.2. CondyleCondyle


4.4. ForamenForamen

#115 What term means #115 What term means prime mover?prime mover?

Agoni

st

Anta

gonis

t

Syn

ergis

t

Fix

ator

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Agonist Agonist

2.2. AntagonistAntagonist

3.3. Synergist Synergist

4.4. FixatorFixator

#116 What #116 What disease/disorder is a loss of disease/disorder is a loss of

appetite?appetite?

Bole

mia

Anore

xia

Aci

dosis

Anem

ia

25% 25%25%25%1.1. BolemiaBolemia

2.2. AnorexiaAnorexia

3.3. AcidosisAcidosis

4.4. AnemiaAnemia

#117 What is the term for #117 What is the term for the inability to control the inability to control

bowels?bowels?

Inco

ntinen

ce

Dia

rrhea

Poly

uria

Def

ecat

ion

25% 25%25%25%1.1. IncontinenceIncontinence

2.2. DiarrheaDiarrhea

3.3. PolyuriaPolyuria

4.4. DefecationDefecation

#118 What is the #118 What is the contracting unit in muscle contracting unit in muscle

tissue?tissue?

T-tu

bule

s

Syn

apse

Sar

com

ere

Sar

copla

smic

Ret

iculu

m

25% 25%25%25%1.1. T-tubulesT-tubules

2.2. SynapseSynapse

3.3. SarcomereSarcomere

4.4. Sarcoplasmic Sarcoplasmic ReticulumReticulum

#119 What term means #119 What term means chewing to break down chewing to break down

food?food?

Deg

lutit

ion

Mas

ticat

ion

Mac

erat

ion

Per

ista

lsis

25% 25%25%25%1.1. DeglutitionDeglutition

2.2. MasticationMastication

3.3. MacerationMaceration

4.4. PeristalsisPeristalsis

#120 What is term for #120 What is term for separation of the separation of the

cytoplasm?cytoplasm?

Mito

sis

Mie

osis

Cyt

okines

is

33% 33%33%1.1. MitosisMitosis

2.2. MieosisMieosis

3.3. CytokinesisCytokinesis

#121 What is the disorder #121 What is the disorder that is lateral curvature of that is lateral curvature of

the spine?the spine?

Lord

osis

Kyp

hosi

s

Sco

liosi

s

Anta

lgic

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. LordosisLordosis

2.2. KyphosisKyphosis

3.3. ScoliosisScoliosis

4.4. AntalgicAntalgic

#122 What is the term for a #122 What is the term for a motor neuron and all its motor neuron and all its

fibers?fibers?

Moto

r Neu

ron

Moto

r Unit

Neu

rom

uscula

r Jun...

Rec

epto

rs

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Motor NeuronMotor Neuron

2.2. Motor Unit Motor Unit

3.3. Neuromuscular Neuromuscular JunctionJunction

4.4. ReceptorsReceptors

#123 What is the outer #123 What is the outer most, strongest layer of the most, strongest layer of the meninges? (tough mother)meninges? (tough mother)

Dura

Mat

er

Ara

chnoi

d M

ater

Pia

Mat

er

33% 33%33%1.1. Dura MaterDura Mater

2.2. Arachnoid Arachnoid MaterMater

3.3. Pia MaterPia Mater

#124 What #124 What disease/disorder is clouding disease/disorder is clouding of the lens from the buildup of the lens from the buildup

of proteins?of proteins?

Gla

ucom

a

Myo

pia

Cat

arac

ts

Conju

nctiv

itis

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. GlaucomaGlaucoma

2.2. MyopiaMyopia

3.3. CataractsCataracts

4.4. ConjunctivitisConjunctivitis

#125 What can be a solid, #125 What can be a solid, liquid, or gas and will lodge liquid, or gas and will lodge

in narrow blood vessels?in narrow blood vessels?

Thro

mbus

Em

bolus

Aneu

rism

Agglu

tinat

ion

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. ThrombusThrombus

2.2. EmbolusEmbolus

3.3. AneurismAneurism

4.4. Agglutination Agglutination

#126 What is a protein #126 What is a protein attached on the membrane attached on the membrane of the erythrocyte for blood of the erythrocyte for blood

type?type?

Antib

ody

Imm

unoglobu

lin

Antig

en

Agglu

tinat

ion

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. AntibodyAntibody

2.2. ImmunoglobulinImmunoglobulin

3.3. AntigenAntigen

4.4. AgglutinationAgglutination

#127 What is the #127 What is the abbreviation for cerebral abbreviation for cerebral

vascular accident?vascular accident?

CVA

CBA M

I

AAA

25% 25%25%25%1.1. CVACVA

2.2. CBACBA

3.3. MIMI

4.4. AAAAAA

#128 What is the volume of #128 What is the volume of air moved in and out during air moved in and out during

quiet breathing?quiet breathing?

Res

idual

Vita

l Cap

acity

Tid

al

Exp

irato

ry

25% 25%25%25%1.1. ResidualResidual

2.2. Vital CapacityVital Capacity

3.3. TidalTidal

4.4. ExpiratoryExpiratory

#129 What are lesions #129 What are lesions found in the mucosal found in the mucosal

membrane in the membrane in the alimentary canal?alimentary canal?

Hep

atiti

s

Gal

lsto

nes

Ulc

ers

Cirr

hosis

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. HepatitisHepatitis

2.2. GallstonesGallstones

3.3. UlcersUlcers

4.4. CirrhosisCirrhosis

#130 What is wave-like #130 What is wave-like contractions which propels contractions which propels

food in the alimentary food in the alimentary canal?canal?

Seg

men

tatio

n

Per

ista

lsis

Mas

ticat

ion

Deg

lutit

ion

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. SegmentationSegmentation

2.2. PeristalsisPeristalsis

3.3. MasticationMastication

4.4. DeglutitionDeglutition

#131 What is the narrow, #131 What is the narrow, thick muscular area that thick muscular area that opens into the vaginal opens into the vaginal

canal?canal?

Cer

vix

Fundu

s

Body

Ova

ry

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. CervixCervix

2.2. FundusFundus

3.3. BodyBody

4.4. OvaryOvary

#132 Fingerlike structures #132 Fingerlike structures at the end of the fallopian at the end of the fallopian

tube?tube?

Cili

a

Fla

gella

Fim

briae

Folli

cle

25% 25%25%25%1.1. CiliaCilia

2.2. FlagellaFlagella

3.3. FimbriaeFimbriae

4.4. FollicleFollicle

#133 What is the term for #133 What is the term for cross-eyed?cross-eyed?

Tin

nitus

Stra

bism

us

Gla

ucom

a

Cat

arac

ts

25% 25%25%25%1.1. TinnitusTinnitus

2.2. StrabismusStrabismus

3.3. GlaucomaGlaucoma

4.4. CataractsCataracts

#134 What is the #134 What is the abbreviation for Blood abbreviation for Blood

Pressure?Pressure?

MI

BP

AS

Dx

25% 25%25%25%1.1. MIMI

2.2. BPBP

3.3. ASAS

4.4. DxDx

medical anatomy/physiology state final review!!!!!

Documents

h slide

dorsal slide

sodium slide

function slide

midsagittal slide

rlq slide

mucous slide

nervous slide