mc1 brake forming 6-9-2009 final

8/11/2019 MC1 Brake Forming 6-9-2009 Final

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MC 1 Brake Forming Process

Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory

Dr. Devi Kalla, Dr. Janet Twomey, and Dr. Michael Overcash

June 09, 2009

Brake ormin! "rocess #ummary.......................................................................................2Methodolo!y o$ unit %rocess li$e cycle inventory model &u%lci'........................................(Brake ormin! "rocess )ner!y *haracteristics...................................................................+. "arameters a$$ectin! the )ner!y re-uired $or rake $ormin!........................................./

Brake ormin! )ner!y.....................................................................................................1 die width selection, 3..............................................................................................1 end $orce calculation4.............................................................................................9)d!e endin! $orce calculation4..................................................................................9

5dle )ner!y.....................................................................................................................62

Basic )ner!y..................................................................................................................62B. Method o$ -uanti$ication $or mass loss4........................................................................67*ase #tudy on Brake $ormin! %rocess...............................................................................67

"roduct Details...............................................................................................................6("rocess "arameters........................................................................................................6(Brake $ormin! %rocess...................................................................................................6(Time, "ower and )ner!y calculations $or 1 end.........................................................6(

#ummary4...........................................................................................................................68e$erences *ited................................................................................................................68%%endices........................................................................................................................6/

Manu$acturers e$erence Data......................................................................................6/

6


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Brake Forming Process Summary

Brake $ormin! is one o$ the mechanical metal de$ormation unit %rocesses inmanu$acturin! to %roduce sha%ed work%ieces. 5t is in the manu$acturin! unit %rocessta:onomy cate!ory o$ mass conservin! &M*' where y the sha%e o$ the solid work%iece isaltered y %lastic de$ormation while retainin! the same mass or com%osition. ;ence thisunit %rocess li$e cycle inventory &u%lci' is to esta lish re%resentative estimates o$ theener!y and mass losses $rom the rake $ormin! unit %rocess. The rake $ormin! unit

%rocess li$e cycle inventory &u%lci' %ro$ile is $or a hi!h %roduction manu$acturin!o%eration, de$ined as the use o$ %rocesses that !enerally have hi!h automation and are atthe medium to hi!h throu!h%ut %roduction com%ared to all other machines that %er$orm asimilar o%eration. This is consistent with the li$e cycle !oal o$ estimatin! ener!y use andmass losses re%resentative o$ e$$icient %roduct manu$acturin!.

5n rake $ormin! a sha%ed sheet metal is $ormed alon! a strai!ht a:is y means o$a < sha%ed, 1 sha%ed, or channel sha%ed %unch and die set. sheet metal work%iece is

%laced on a die and hori=ontally %ositioned a!ainst sto%s & ack!ua!e'. end an!le is %roduced y a %unch, $orcin! the work%iece into the die. The metal on the inside %ortiono$ the end is com%ressed or shrunk, and the metal outside %ortion is stretched. >enerallythe material thickness ran!e can e 0. mm ? 62.+ mm with len!ths o$ the metal sheetalon! the end o$ 6+ cm ? 60 m &Kal%ak@ian et al., 200 '. The len!th o$ the sheet islimited y the si=e o$ the %ress rake. 5n this %rocess the work%iece is %laced over ano%en die and %ressed down into the die y a %unch that is actuated y the ram %ortion o$ amachine called %ress rake. "ress rakes are also used to $orm metals into com%le:sha%es. n e:am%le com%uter numerical control &*A*' %ress rake machine is !iven ini!ure M*6.6, while the rake $ormin! mechanism is illustrated in i!ure M*6.2. *A*

%ress rakes are standard hydraulic %ress rakes with a numerical control &A*' ack!ua!e $itted to the machine. Main advanta!e o$ *A* %ress rake is the ca%a ility to domulti%le an!le %arts without any manual intervention with the ack!ua!e or de%th

%enetration o$ the ram. educed setu% time and hi!her %roduction are the result. Theillustration in i!ure M*6.2 %rovides a two dimensional look at a ty%ical %ress rakesetu%. The le$t side o$ the illustration shows the %ress rake in the o%en %osition and theri!ht side shows it in a closed %osition, and then the %ress raked metal work%iece isshown.

2


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Figure MC1.1 *om%uter numerical control &*A*' %ress rake machine &"hoto!ra%h$rom ;eller s #on, 5nc, Tar=ana, * ,


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Figure MC1.3 C*5 data $or rake $ormin! %rocess

Methodology of unit process life cycle inventory model uplci!

5n order to assess a manu$acturin! %rocess e$$iciently in terms o$ environmentalim%act, the conce%t o$ unit o%eration is a%%lied. The unit o%eration consists o$ the in%uts,

%rocess, and out%uts o$ an o%eration. )ach unit %rocess is convertin! material chemicalin%uts into a trans$ormed material chemical out%ut. The unit %rocess dia!ram o$ a rake$ormin! %rocess is shown i!ure M*6.(.

Figure MC1.4 5n%ut Out%ut dia!ram o$ rake $ormin! %rocess

The trans$ormation o$ in%ut to out%ut in this re%ort !enerates $ive lci characteristics,a. 5n%ut materials

. )ner!y re-uiredc. Cosses o$ materialsd. Ma@or varia les relatin! in%uts to out%utse. > enerated characteristics o$ the out%ut %roduct that o$ten enters the ne:t unit %rocess.

WorkPieceTool setLubricant oilEnergy

Press Brake, Fixing, Lubricant Oil

Product whichis bent

NoiseHeatWasteLubricantWaste tool set

Brake forming

(

Press brake Brake forming Process

Z

!

"nerg# $onsum%tion ofPress brake

&ool set

Lubricant oil

ProductWork%iece and tool set

L$' ()&)"esource #ata

$nvironmental factors


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Brake Forming Process $nergy Characteristics

5n %ress rake $ormin!, the toolin! and setu% are relatively sim%le. Because hi!h %roduction rake $ormin! is a semi continuous %rocess, the lci is ased on are%resentative o%erational se-uence, in which

6' 3ork set u% !enerally occurs once at the start o$ a atch in %roduction. Be$ore anytoolin! is installed, the ram must e locked in the Eshut hei!htF %osition. Once the %ress is locked in a %osition where the ram can no lon!er close any ti!hter, thetoolin! can slide sa$ely into the %ress. #et u% is made on the rake $ormin!machine as the $irst work %iece is introduced into the machine. The work %iece is

%ositioned, all drawin!s and instructions are consulted, and the resultin! %ro!ramis loaded. The total set u% time must then e divided y the si=e o$ the atch inorder to o tain the set u% time %er rake $ormed %art. The ener!y consumeddurin! this set u% %eriod is divided y all the %arts %rocessed in that atch and isassumed to e ne!li!i le and is discussed in the e:am%le elow.

2' Durin! loadin!, the work%iece is $ed onto the die and sto%%ed y the %reset

ack!au!e. t each %unch %osition a ack sto% is mounted on the rear o$ the edin order $or the %art to e %ositioned correctly with res%ect to the endin! tool.This is at the level o$ Basic ener!y and is la eled Coadin!.

7' "unch movin! downwards to the metal sur$ace. &5dle )ner!y' &;andlin!'(' ctual endin! %rocess occurs, as the %ress rake is cycled, and the work metal is

ent to the desired an!le around the nose radius o$ the %unch. The distance ywhich the %unch enters the die determines end an!le and is controlled y a shuthei!ht. The to the reset %osition o%erator activates the %ress y %ressin! a $oot

%edal &Ti% )ner!y'+' "unch movin! u%wards. &5dle )ner!y' &;andlin!'8' 3ork%ieces are taken away or rearran!ed $or another rake $ormin! to e

ty%ically sent $orward to another manu$acturin! unit %rocess. &Basic )ner!y'&


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Figure MC1.5. Determination o$ %ower characteristics and ener!y re-uirements o$ "ress rakes.

The ste%s 2', 7', +', and 8' are estimated as re%resentative manu$acturers values$or use in this unit %rocess lci and ener!y re-uired $or endin! material y rake $ormin!,ste% (', is measured usin! reak $ormin! $orce values. ;i!h %roduction rake $ormin!involves multi%le su o%erations illustrated in Ta le M*6.6. There are thus manyvaria les which have some in$luence on the overall ener!y o$ the rake $ormin! unit

%rocess. The system oundaries are set to include only the use %hase o$ the %ress rakemachine, disre!ardin! in%ut material %roduction, machine %roduction, maintenance anddis%osal o$ the machine. #tock decoilers, strai!hteners, $eeders, %art handlin!, and scra%removal systems are known as %ress rake au:iliary e-ui%ments. Moreover, the$unctionin! o$ the manu$acturin! machines is isolated, disre!ardin! the in$luence o$ theother elements o$ the manu$acturin! system, such as material handlin! systems, $eedin!ro ots, etc. Other consuma les such as lu ricants and coolants are included.

8

Idle $nergy

" rake $ormin!

" idle

" asic

t asic

tidle

Basic $nergy

%ip $nergy

Spindle and Coolantmotor Startup

Po&er

%imet$ormin!


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Table MC1.1Machine


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Brake Forming $nergy

Brake $ormin! time &t $ormin! ' and %ower &"$ormin! ' must e determined $or the rake$ormin! ener!y and it is calculated $rom the more im%ortant %arameters !iven a ove.Brake $ormin! time is used to calculate a %art o$ the ener!y $or this unit %rocess.

Figure MC1.6. #chematic o$ endin! mechanics

Two !eneral ty%es o$ endin! are used in modern %ress workin!. One is 1 die endin!, which is used e:tensively in rake die o%erations as well as in stam%in! dieo%erations. 5n 1 endin!, a distinction can e made etween two variations4 air endin!and ottomin!, i!ure M*6./. The second ty%e is ed!e &wi%e' die endin!, i!ureM*6.9.

Figure MC1.7. 1 end ty%es

+,die &idth selection- .1die o%enin!s were determined y o%erator @ud!ment, usually a ran!e 8 to 62times the material thickness, with ei!ht times ein! the o%timum width &)ric, 2000'. 5$the end is not 90 , ut some an!le , i!ure M*6./, then the de%th o$ the die is di$$erentthan i!ure M*6. , however in this u%lci we will still use the o%timum DG T.


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or illustration, the de%ths $or several an!les are as $ollows G 80 o D G 8.9T G 90 o D G (T G 620 o D G 2.7T

G 6/9o

D G 0.07+T+,*end force calculation/ ty%ical end o%eration is shown in i!ure M*6. . The v die o%enin! width must e atleast ei!ht times the thickness o$ the metal sheet $or 90 ends & #M 5nternational,2008'. Because the 90 v sha%ed dies are e-uilateral ri!ht trian!les, the die de%th isdetermined to e 3 2 or (T. Distance the %unch enters the die determines the end an!leand is controlled y the shut hei!ht o$ the machine. #hut hei!ht is the vertical distancemeasured $rom the ram nose to the ed when the ram is $ully closed.Time $or endin! a 1 end, t $ormin! G D 1 &2'The e-uation to determine endin! $orce is &>eor!e et al., 2000'4

G # C T 2 K 3 &7'3here4 G $orce, &l $'# G


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r 6 G %unch radius, &in'r 2 G die radius, &in'T G stock thickness, &in'3 G die o%enin! width, &in' &r 6 I r 2 I T'K G *onstant $or die o%enin! distance &0.68/ $or lar!e die and clearances to 0.777 $or

shar% die radii and hi!h %lastic workin! stress'

Figure MC1.9. )d!e &3i%e' Bend


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Table MC1.2. Ty%ical tensile stren!ths o$ some materials &Tschatsch, 2008'

Material %ensile strength- Psi Mpa!

Soft 0ardCead 782+ + 00 &2+ (0'Tin + 00 /2+0&(0 +0'

luminum &99.0L' 67,7+0&92' 2(8,+8(&6/00';i!h tension aluminum

alloy Ty%e ( 72,8(0&22+' 89,86 &( 0'

Duralumin 78,990&2++' 89,86 &( 0'inc 26,/++&6+0' 78,280&2+0'

*o%%er 76,6 7 79, +&26+ 2/+' (7,+66 + ,06+&700 (00'Brass &/0470' (/,6(0&72+' /8, /0&+70'Brass &804(0' +7,9+0&7/2' /6,08 &(90'

"hos%hor ron=e + ,06+ /2,+6 &(00 +00' /2,+6 60 ,// &+00 /+0'

Bron=e + ,06+ /2,+6 &(00 +00' /2,+6 60 ,// &+00 /+0' Aickel silver +0,/87 8+,288&7+0 (+0' /2,+6 606,+28 &++0 /00'*old rolled iron sheet (8,(62 ++,66+&720 7 0'

#teel, 0.6L* (8,(62&720' + ,06+&(00'#teel, 0.2L* + ,06+&(00' /2,+6 &+00'#teel, 0.7L* 8+,288&(+0' /,027&800'#teel, 0.(L* 6,226&+80' 60(,(2/&/20'#teel, 0.8L* 60(,(2/&/20' 670,+7(&900'#teel, 0. L* 670,+7(&900' 6+9,+(2&6600'#teel, 6.0L* 6(+,07 &6000' 6 ,++0&6700'

#ilicon steel sheet /9,//0&++0' 92,2/+&8+0'

#tainless steel sheet 92,2/+ 606,+28&8+0 /00' Aickel 87, 68 /2,+6 &((0 +00' 2,8/2 96,7/(&+/0 870'

Table MC1.3. ecommended minimum end radius $or commercial -uality steel sheet,stri% and %late &>roover, 2007'

Material #o$t ;ard

luminium alloys 0 8T

Brass, low leaded 0 2T

Ma!nesium +T 67T

#teels4 low *, low alloy and ;#C 0.+T (Tustenitic stainless steels 0.+h 8T

Titanium 0./T 7T

Titanium alloys 2.8T (T

66


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Idle $nergy)ner!y consumin! %eri%heral e-ui%ments included in idle %ower &" idle ' are

shown in Ta le M*6.6. The idle %ower characteri=es the load case when there is relativemovement o$ the tool and the work %iece without chan!in! the sha%e o$ the ody &e.!.a:is movement' ;andlin!. or rake $ormin!, the handlin! times are the air time o$a%%roach and retraction a$ter $ormin!. The idle time &t idle ' is the sum o$ the handlin! time&thandlin! ' and the rake$ormin! time &calculated a ove as t $ormin! , e-uation 2', see i!ureM*6.+. or rake $ormin! machines, the handlin! times are the air time o$ a%%roach andretraction a$ter $ormin!. 3e can calculate the handlin! times and ener!y as $ollows.

5dle ener!y G Ntime handlin! I time $ormin! H " idle &/'

Durin! the rake $ormin! %rocess the %unch is considered to e at an o$$set o$ atleast 8 times the thickness o$ work%iece. )very time while rake $ormin! the %unchcomes down $rom a hei!ht o$ 8 times the thickness o$ the work%iece and a!ain retraces

ack to an o$$set %osition a$ter com%letin! the %rocess. %%roach time is 8T divided thea%%roach s%eed, which de%ends on machine s%eci$ication. 3hile the retraction time may e lon!er than the rake $ormin! time, this is estimated as the sum o$ the a%%roach and rake $ormin! times and divided y the return s%eed, which de%ends on the machines%eci$ication

Time $or handlin! is%%roach I retraction times G time handlin! & '

time handlin! G &8T' %%roach s%eed I &8TID' return s%eed

The rake $ormin! time was %reviously calculated, e-uation 2

time idle G thandlin! I t $ormin! &9'rom these calculations the idle ener!y $or a sin!le hole is

) &Joule end' G &t a%%roach I t retraction ' I t $ormin! H " idle &60'

The avera!e idle %ower " idle o$ automated *A* %ress rake machines is etween6,200 and 6+,000 watt H. &H This in$ormation is $rom the *A* manu$acturin! com%anies,see %%endi: 6'. %%ro:imately ;andlin! time will vary $rom 0.6 to 60 min.

Basic $nergyThe asic ener!y o$ a %ress rake is the demand under runnin! conditions in

Estand y modeF. )ner!y consumin! %eri%heral e-ui%ments included in asic ener!y areM6, M2 and "* $rom Ta le M*6.6. There is no relative movement etween the tool andthe work %iece, ut all com%onents that accom%lish the readiness $or o%eration &e.!.machine control unit &M*


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asic %ower ran!es $rom 6 th to 6 ( th o$ the ma:imum machine %ower, &seeManu$acturers e$erence Data in %%endi:'. The lar!est consumer is the hydraulic

%ower unit.Ostwald, 69 8 has shown that the time to load a lank or %art into a %ress and

then remove the %art is %ro%ortional to the %erimeter o$ the rectan!le which surrounds the

%art. This time can e !iven y t load unload G 7. I 0.66 &C I 3' &seconds'3here C, 3 G rectan!ular envelo%e len!th and width, cm.

rom i!ure M 6.+, the asic time is !iven yT asic G tload unload I t handlin! I t $ormin! &66'where t handlin! I t $ormin! G tidle as determined in e-uation 9.

3ith only the $ollowin! in$ormation the unit %rocess li$e cycle ener!y $or rake $ormin!can e estimated.

6. material o$ %art ein! ent and Ta le M*6.22. thickness o$ the material7. len!th o$ the sheet alon! the end line(. an!le o$ the end &see illustrations %a!e 9'+. %unch s%eed, usin! re%resentative manu$acturers values, see %%endi:

B( Method of )uantification for mass loss/

or ordinary %ress rake o%erations such as endin! and sim%le $ormin!, coolant oil isless commonly used. ;ydraulic %ress rakes use $luid %ower to do work. 5n this machine,hi!h %ressure li-uid called hydraulic $luid is transmitted throu!hout the machine tovarious hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders. 5n addition to trans$errin! ener!y,hydraulic $luid needs to lu ricate com%onents, sus%end contaminants and metal $ilin!s $or trans%ort to the $ilter, and to $unction well to several hundred de!rees ahrenheit.;ydraulic $luid re%lacement occurs so in$re-uently that on %er end or %er 6,000 end

asis, this mass loss is ne!lected.

Cu ricant oil is commonly & ut not always' used on the metal sur$ace in contactwith the die. Cu ricant is a%%lied alon! the end line and then is some su se-uent

%rocessin! ste%, it is removed e$ore a $inal %roduct is used. 5n order to link this massloss directly to rake $ormin!, it is included here. Aote the ener!y or ancillary waste $orlu ricant removal &solvent de!reasin!, ra! wi%e, etc' would e ca%tured in the u%lci o$those %rocesses and only the lu ricant mass is assi!ned to rake $ormin!. Cu ricanta%%lied and removed is estimated &Madavan, 3ichita #tate


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Table MC 1.4. Machine s%eci$ication

#%eci$ications B'IL$I 0Model Aum er BP,2343

Ma:. Bendin! $orce, kA +00%%roach #%eed, in sec 7.6+Bendin! #%eed, in sec 0.2

eturn #%eed, in sec 2.(Main motor, k3 7./

Motor 2, k3 0.(7 :es motor

out%ut&P,Q, ', k30./+

Total Ma:imum "ower consum%tion

8k3

Product #etailsor this e:am%le we are assumin! a stainless steel &so$t' sheet as the work %iece.

The work %iece is o$ sheet metal %art o$ 7mm thick and 20mm end len!th is ent to anincluded an!le o$ G 620 0 and a end radius o$ /.+ mm in a 1 die. The o @ective o$ thestudy is to analy=e the ener!y consum%tion in %ress rake machine. The die o%enin! is 2(mm. The metal has tensile stren!th o$ 8/+ M%a.Process Parameters

The $ormin! conditions and the %rocess %arameters are listed in Ta le M*6.+.

Table MC1.5. "rocess "arameters $or ):am%le *ase"rocess *onditions

#heet thickness &T' 0.62 in


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Brake forming time/The time $or endin! is determined y

t$ormin! G &D' 1 &sec'3here 1 is the endin! s%eed in mm sec, and D is the die de%th in mm.

D G de%th o$ close die G 0.2 in &0.62H2.7, see %a!e 9'1 G 0.2 in sec

Time to end will e,t$ormin! G &0.2 in' 0.2 in sec' G 6 sec end

)ner!y re-uired $or each end,) G D H

The $orce re-uired to end a 20 mm lon! sheet o$ so$t stainless steel 7mm thick can eestimated usin! the $ollowin! calculation4 G # C T 2 K 3

G 98,900 %si H &0./9' H &0.62'2

H 6.77 G 6,+80 l $ G /,000 A 0.9(Brake $ormin! ener!y $or each end,

) G /,000 A H 0.0089 m G 0.0( kJ"ower re-uired " G H 1G /,000 H 0.00/ G 0.0.0(9 k3 end

0andling %ime/The air time $or endin! is a%%roach and retract time

%%roach time G 6 0 G 0.22+ secetracts time G &6 I D' 80 G 2(.9 80 G 0.(6+ sec

Total air time G 0.8( secTotal idle time G t $ I t air G 6 I 0.8( G 6.8( sec5dle %ower $rom %%endi: 6 can e assumed as G 2.+ k35dle ener!y G 2.+ H 6.8( G (.62+ kJ end

Basic time/Coadin! and unloadin! time t G 7. I 0.66 &C I 3'G 7. I 0.66 &2 I +'G (.+/ sec G t l u" asic G 6.2+ k3) asic G " asic H t asicT asic G tl u I t idle G (.+/ I 6.8( G 8.2 sec) asic G 6.2+ H 8.2 G /. kJ end

%otal $nergy) total G 0.20/ I (.62+ I /. G 62 kJ end

Mass Loss

6+


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Cu ricant loss is 0.066 ! cm len!th H2 cm len!th G 0.022 ! lu ricant loss endSummary/This re%ort %resented the models, a%%roaches, and measures used to re%resent the unit

%rocess li$e cycle inventory &u%lci' o$ rake $ormin! o%erations. The only ma@orenvironmental characteristics are is the ener!y consum%tion o$ the %ress rake and

lu ricant loss. *alculations $or %roduct manu$acturin! are %resented, ased on knowin!only the end len!th and the material ent. The li$e cycle o$ rake $ormin! is ased on aty%ical hi!h %roduction scenario &on a *A* %ress rake machine' to re$lect industrialmanu$acturin! %ractices.The ener!y can e calculated $rom a asic list o$ varia les, likely to e known $or each

%art to e rake $ormed6. material o$ %art ein! ent and Ta le M*6.22. thickness o$ the material7. len!th o$ the sheet alon! the end line(. an!le o$ the end, illustrated on %a!e 9+. %unch s%eed, usin! re%resentative manu$acturers values

"eferences Cited

6. ele, ).R nderl, .R and Birkho$er, ;. &200+' Environmentally-friendly productdevelopment, #%rin!er 1erla! Condon Cimited.

2. #M 5nternational. &2008' Metalworking: Sheet Forming Hand book, 1ol. 6(B,merican #ociety o$ material.

7. *larens, .R immerman, J.R Keoleian, >.R and #kerlos, #. &200 ' *om%arison o$Ci$e *ycle )missions and )ner!y *onsum%tion $or )nvironmentally ada%tedMetalworkin! luid #ystems, Environmental Science Technology ,60.6026 es 00/96=.

(. )rik O er!. &2000' Machinery ! Handbook, 28 th )dition, 5ndustrial "ress.+. >eor!e, .#R and hmad, K. ). &2000' Manufacturing "roce!!e! # Material! , ( th

)dition, #ociety o$ Manu$acturin! )n!ineers.8. >roover, M.". &2007' Fundamental! of Modern Manufacturing , "rentice ;all./. Kal%ak@ian, #.R and #chmid, #. &200 ' Manufacturing "roce!!e! for Engineering

Material!, +th )dition, "rentice ;all.. Ostwald, ". &6996' Engineering co!t e!timating, 7rd )dition, "rentice ;all.

9. "iacitelli, 3.R #ie er, et. al. &2000' Metalworkin! $luid e:%osures in smallmachine sho%s4 an overview, 5; J, 8247+8 7/0.

60. #chuler >m ;. &699 ' Metal forming Handbook , 6 st )dition, #%rin!er.66. Todd, .R llen, D.R and ltin!, C. &699(' Manufacturing proce!!e! reference

guide, 5ndustrial "ress, Aew Qork.62. Tschatsch, ;ein=. &2008' Metal forming practice: "roce!!e!-machine!-tool!,

#%rin!er.67. 3laschit=, ". and 3. ;o$lin!er. &200/' new measurin! method to detect the

emissions o$ metal workin! $luid mist, $ournal for Ha%ardou! Material! ,6((4/78 /(6.

68


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'ppendices

Manufacturers "eference #ata

The methodolo!y that has een $ollowed $or collectin! technical in$ormation

on *A* machines has een lar!ely ased in the $ollowin!4

The documentation o$ the *A* %ress rake and the technical assistancecollected $rom the manu$acturin! com%anies throu!h the internet. #everal interviewswith the service %ersonnel o$ the di$$erent *A* manu$acturin! com%anies have eencarried out. $ter collectin! the in$ormation $rom the di$$erent com%anies it has een

%ut to!ether in the relevant document that descri es the di$$erent a%%roaches thedi$$erent com%anies have re!ardin! the technical in$ormation on the *A* %ress rakemachine. Tele%hone conversations allowed us to learn more a out asic %ower andidle %ower. *om%anies that involved in our tele%hone conversations are Bailei!h,onmack, Trum%$ and *incinnati. These com%anies manu$acture di$$erent si=es o$

*A* machines, ut this re%ort shows the lower, mid and hi!hest level o$ si=es. orour case study we %icked machine at the mid level.

#%eci$ications B'IL$I 0Model Aum er BP,5543 BP,2343 BP,6378

Bendin! $orce, kA 770 +00 900%%roach #%eed,

mm sec0 0 0

Bendin! #%eed, mm sec / / /eturn #%eed, mm sec 80 80 80

Main motor, k3 2.2 7./ /.(

Motor 2, k3 0.( 0.( 0.(7 :es motor

out%ut&P,Q, ', k30./+ 0./+ 0./+

#%eci$ications "9:M'C; Model Aum er "M,


18/18

#%eci$ications %"UMPFModel Aum er %B +,23 %B +,153 %B +,5

mc1 brake forming 6-9-2009 final

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