mbÀ kam-p-¯nsâ apj-]{xw · 2020-05-18 · d¯cw is¯m³ ignªp. b xncn¨dnhv fs¶...

$: mbÀ kam-P-¯nsâ apJ-]{Xw · 2020-05-18 · D¯cw Is¯m³ Ignªp. B Xncn¨dnhv Fs¶ Fkv.F³.Fknte¡pw \mbÀ tIkcnbnte¡pw ASp¸n¡pIbpw Cu kwKa¯nÂ Hcp I®nbmhm³ Rm\pw Fsâ IpSpw_hpw$

kakvX \mbÀ kam-P-̄ nsâ apJ-]{Xw

1 2018 Pqsse þ BKÌv

Vol. 3, Issue 27&28 July, August 2018 RNI No. KERMAL/2016/70012 Printed by Vishnulal. V.L, Published by Vishnulal. V.L on behalfof Samastha Nair Samajam, Administrative office: Kalyani Building, Pada-North, Karunagappally-690518, Ph: 0476-2622961,

Printed at Narmada Offset, Sasthamcotta and Published at Samastha Nair Samajam, Administrative office : Kalyani Building, PadaNorth, Karunagappally-690518, Editor : Vishnulal.V.L (Editor is responsible for selection of contents under PRB Act)

E-mail : [email protected]

amÀ¤-Zo-]ta\bn-̈ mepw

`mc-Xmw-_-X³a¡Ä \mw,

\msamä hÀ¤w\ap-s¡mä \nbaw,\ap-s¡mä \oXn

ka-kvX-\m-bÀ kam-P-¯nsâ apJ-]{Xw

]pkvXIw þ3 e¡w þ 27 & 28 2018 Pqsse-þ-B-KÌvcPn: \¼À KERMAL/2016/70012 hne : 25 cq]

amt\-Pn§v FUn-äÀ

tUm. Un.-Fw. hmkp-tZ-h³No v̂ FUn-äÀ

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tUm. Pn. am[-h³ \mbÀap³ sNbÀam³, sF.-F-kv.-BÀ.H

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tUm. A\nÂ ssh-Zy-aw-Kew{]ho¬ Cd-h-¦c

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þ IÃ-d AP-b³

08 ImWm-̧ qcwþ {]ho¬ Cd-h-¦c

10\mbÀIp-e-̄ nsâ Ncn-{Xhpw\thm-°m-\hpw

þ tUm. A\nÂ sshZy-aw-Kew

17 kzman hnth-Im-\-µ³þ _n. N{µ-tam-l³

19 \mbÀ kaq-l-¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpwXfÀ¨bpw þ Hcp Ncn-{X-]-T\w

þ imkvXmw-tIm« cma-N-{µ³

22 \mb-·msc c£n¨ ]c-a-in-h\pw{ioIr-jvW\pw

28 Xncp-hn-Xmw-IqÀ Kh¬saâpw kwh-c-Whpwþ cmtPjv BÀ.

35 IhnX þ thm«vþ ]n. sI. i¦-c³Ip«n



\mbÀ kapZmb¯n\v t\sc iàambHcp IS¶pIbäamWv hnhn[ taJeIfnÂ\n¶pw DSseSp¯p sImncn¡p¶Xv.am[ya§Ät]mepw \mbÀ kapZmb¯n\vt\sc DbÀ¯p¶ shÃphnfn Hmtcm \mbÀkapZmb kvt\lnIfpw Xncn¨dntbXmWv.365 Znhkhpw lnµp BNmc§sf hnNmcWsNbvXpsImv ChnsS Nm\Â NÀÏÄkÖohambn ]ptcmKan¡pt¼mÄ AXv IvBkzZn¡p¶ Hmtcm lnµphpw Nnń¡pI.

\½psS Imiv sImv Xg¨phfcp¶ ChÀtIcf¯nse lnµp¡sf CÃmXm¡m³BcpsS ssIIfnÂ \n¶mWv ChÀ ]Ww]änbncn¡p¶Xv. lnµp¡Äs¡Xnsc hmÀ¯IÄ sI«nbpm¡m³ Chsc t{]cn¸nïàntbXv. BÀ¡pthnbmWv F¶v \mwtNmZn¡pt¼mÄ D¯cw H¶v am{Xw. lnµp¡fpsS B\pIqey§Ä ]nt¶m¡kwhcW¯nsâ t]cnÂ X«nsbSp¡p¶XvXncn¨dnbmXncn¡m³, lnµp¡sf aXwamänsbSp¡p¶Xv NÀ¨sN¿mXncn¡m³,lnµp¡Ä ]«nWn InS¶v acn¡p¶Xv NÀ¨sN¿mXncn¡m³, lnµp¡fpsS kz¯p¡ÄaäpÅhÀ X«nsbSp¡p¶Xpw sslµh{KÙ§Ä ]Tn¸n¡msXbpw {]Ncn¸n¡msXbpw Ccn¡m³, Jpdm³ ]Tn¸n¡m³kÀ¡mÀ JP\mhnÂ\n¶v tImSnIÄapS¡p¶Xv NÀ¨sN¿mXncn¡m³, t£{X§fpw hcpam\§fpw A\y aXØcpsSssIIfnÂ F¯p¶Xv NÀ¨ sN¿mXncn¡m³.hnZym`ymkw, sXmgnÂ, NnInÕmklmb§Ä\mbÀ¡v \ntj[n¡s¸Sp¶Xv NÀ¨sN¿mXncn¡m³. lnµphnsâ hm aqSns¡«n AhsâAhImi§Ä aäpÅhÀ¡v sh¨p \o«p¶Xv]pdw temIw AdnbmXncn¡m³.

\mbÀkapZmb¯nÂ P\n¨v F{XtbmD¶X]Zhnbnse¯nbhÀ \ap¡nSbnÂ Dv.Ahsc kwc£n¡phm\pw t{]mÕmln¸n¡phm\pw Hcp \mbÀ kaqlhpw X¿mdmbnÃ.adn v̈ asäÃm kapZmb kvt\lnIfpw AhcpsSXeapdIsf t{]mÕmln¸n¡pIbpw kwc£n

¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Hcp \mbÀ¡v thn HcptImtftPm, Hcp Bip]{Xntbm ChnsS CÃ.\mbcpsS t]cnÂ hfÀ¯nsbSp¯ {]Øm\wC¶v NnecpsS kzmÀ° XmÂ¸cy§Äkwc£n¡m³ am{XapÅXmbn amdnbncn¡p¶p. ChnsSbmWv Fkv.F³.Fknsâ{]kàn.

\mbÀ almkwKaw hnZym[ncmtPmÕhpambn sk]väw_À 1 \v tX¡n³ImSv ssaXm\wkm£yw hln¡pt¼mÄ \mbÀ kaql¯nsâ sFIyw AhnsS hnfnt¨mXp¶p. \mbÀkapZmb¯nsâ Kpcphmb N«¼nkzmanXncphSnIsf km£nbm¡n \S¡p¶ Cualm hnZym[ncmtPmÕhw h³ hnPb{]Zam¡namtäXv Hmtcm \mbÀ Ipe¯nÂ P\n¨\½fpsS Hmtcmcp¯cptSbpw ISabmbnGsäSpt¡nbncn¡p¶p. C{Xbpw ImewF³.Fkv.Fknsâ XWenÂ hfÀ¶ -Rm³\mbcpsS iàn\jvSs¸«psImncn¡p¶Xnsâ ImcW§sf¡pdn¨v At\zjn¡pIbmbncp¶p.

Fsâ Aeën\v Ahkm\ambn \mbÀtIkcnbneqsSbpw Fkv.F³.FkneqtSbpwD¯cw Is¯m³ Ignªp. B Xncn¨dnhvFs¶ Fkv.F³.Fknte¡pw \mbÀtIkcnbnte¡pw ASp¸n¡pIbpw CukwKa¯nÂ Hcp I®nbmhm³ Rm\pw FsâIpSpw_hpw Xocpam\n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.AXpt]mse Xs¶ Hmtcm \mbÀ ktlmZc§fpw Cu alm kwKa¯nÂ ]s¦Sp¡pIbpw\½psS iàn temI¯n\v ap¶nÂ Im«ns¡mSp¡m³ X¿mdmhpIbpw thWw. \½ÄBcptSbpw hmem«nIfÃ F¶v Hmtcmcmjv{Sob{]Øm\§Ä¡pw t_m[ys¸Sp¯ns¡mSp¡pI hgn \½psS AhImi§fpwA[nImc§fpw tNmZn¨v hm§m³ Icp¯vBÀÖn¡pIbmWv Bhiyw.

F¶v,hniz\mYtat\m³,

]uÀ®an, cma]pcw, XrÈqÀ



Xpey\oXnHuZmcyaÃ,

P·mhImiamWvkn³lp

I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v\S¸nem¡pItemIs¯ Gähpw henb

P\m[n]Xy cmjv{SamWv `mcXw. tI{µ¯nepwkwØm\§fnepw tI{µ`cW{]tZi§fnepwhyhØm]nXamb XncsªSp¸nepsSbmWvP\m[n]Xy kÀ¡mcpIÄ A[nImc¯nse¯p¶Xv. P\§fpsS t£ahpw sFizcyhpwDd¸m¡psa¶v ̀ cWLS\sb sXm«v {]XnÚsNbvXv A[nImctaÂ¡p¶hÀ A[nImcw{]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ an¡t¸mgpw Cu {]XnÚkuIcy]qÀÆw ad¡p¶p ! `mcX¯nsâ`cWLS\ FÃm ]uc·mÀ¡pw Dd¸p\ÂIp¶Xpey\oXn \S¸m¡phm³ `cWm[nImcnIÄX¿mdmhp¶nÃ.PmXnbpsSbpw aX¯nsâbpwcmjv{Sob¯nsâbpw I®neqsS P\§sfthÀXncn¨p ImWp¶ `cWm[nImcnIÄ`cWLS\mhncp²amb kao]\amWvkzoIcn¡p¶Xv. Hmtcm 5 hÀjw ]qÀ¯nbmhpt¼mgpw Chsc Nhn«n¸pd¯m¡m³ P\w\nÀºÔnXamIp¶p ! ]Icsa¯p¶hÀNphSpd¸n¨pIgnªmÂ A[nImc¨¡c¡pS¯nÂ \n¶pw ssIs¿Sp¡m³ aSn¡p¶p!! sshhn²yw GsdbpÅ `mcXsa¶almcmPys¯ [À½\njvTtbmsS \bn¡phm³ X¿mdmImsX kzmÀ°em` tamlnIÄ\S¯p¶ hnthN\w A]ISIcamb\nebnte¡v cmPys¯ F¯n¨ncn¡p¶p.

`mcX¯nse P\Iob kÀ¡mcpIÄCu cmPys¯ P\§tfmS v Im«p¶hnthN\¯nsâ D¯a DZmlcWamWv

FUn-täm-dn-bÂ

tI{µkÀ¡mÀ \ntbmKn¨ cv I½ojsâImcy¯nÂ FSp¯ hyXykvX \ne]mSpIÄ.2005 amÀ¨v 9 \v apÉow P\hn`mK§fpsS{]iv\§Ä ]Tn¨v ]cnlmcw \nÀt±in¡phm\mbn PÌnkv cPoµÀ k¨mÀ sNbÀam\mbnHcp I½ojs\ \ntbmKn¨p. k¨mÀ I½oj³20 amkw Ignªt¸mÄ (2006 \hw_À 17 þ\v),a³taml³ knwKv kÀ¡mcn\p dnt¸mÀ«vkaÀ¸n¨p. dnt¸mÀ«v In«n tIhew 12 ZnhkwIgnªt¸mÄ (2006 \hw_À 30þ\v) kÀ¡mÀCu dnt¸mÀ«v ]mÀesaânÂ AhXcn¸n¨p.CtX¯pSÀ¶v hnhn[ kwØm\kÀ¡mcpIfpw Cu dnt¸mÀ«nse \nÀt±i§Ä \S¸nÂhcp¯p¶Xn\v X¿mdmbn. tIcf¯nseCSXp]£kÀ¡mÀ ASnb´nc {]m[m\yt¯msS Cu dnt¸mÀ«v \S¸m¡n. CXn\mbn]msemfn apl½ZvIp«nbpsS t\XrXz¯nÂ HcpI½nänbpw cq]oIcn¨p. Ignª 12 hÀjambnCu dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ apÉnwP\hn`mK§Ä B\pIqeyw ssI¸äp¶p.ÇmL\ob \S]SnbmWv k¨mÀ I½ojsâImcy¯nÂ tI{µþkwØm\ kÀ¡mcpIÄkzoIcn¨Xv.

F¶mÂ CtX a³taml³ knwKvkÀ¡mÀ Xs¶ 2006 Pqsse 24 \v \ntbmKn¨kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Imcyhpw \mw]cntim[n¡Ww. ap¶m¡ ap{ZNmÀ¯s¸«P\hn`mK§fpsS {]iv\§Ä ]Tn¨v dnt¸mÀ«vkaÀ¸n¡phm\mbmWv dn«tbÀUv taPÀ



P\dÂ Fkv.BÀ.kn³lphnsâ t\XrXz¯nepÅ I½ojs\ \ntbmKn¨Xv . CuI½oj³ kÀ¡mcn\p dnt¸mÀ« v kaÀ¸n¡phm³ Xs¶ 4 hÀjsaSp¯p.2010þPqsse 22\v a³taml³ knwKv kÀ¡mcn\v dnt¸mÀ«vkaÀ¸n¨p. Cu dnt¸mÀ«nt·Â Ignª 8hÀjambn Hcp \S]SnbpsaSp¡msXtI{µkÀ¡mÀ Hgnªpamdp¶p.

kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«nepÅ{][m\ \nÀt±i§Ä C¯cpW¯nÂ]cntim[nt¡Xv AXymhiyamWv. Cýbnte ap¶m¡am¡n amän \nÀ¯nbncn¡p¶ 6tImSnbnÂ¸cw P\§Ä¡v ]«nIPmXn/]«nIhÀ¤ hn`mK§Ä¡p e`n¡p¶B\pIqey§Ä e`n¡phm³ AÀlXbpvF¶v I½oj³ Is¯n. Cu \nÀt±iw\S¸m¡nbmÂ¯s¶ \mbÀ hn`mK¯nÂs¸Sp¶ GItZiw 35/40% km[mcW¡mÀ¡vCu B\pIqeyw e`n¡pambncp¶p.

kn³lp I½ojsâ cmas¯\nÀt±ihpw hfsc {]m[m\yaÀln¡p¶p.CýbnÂ C³Iw SmIvknsâ ]cn[nbnÂhcm¯ apgph³ BfpIsfbpw EBC (Economi-cally Backward Class) hn`mK¯nÂDÄs¸Sp¯n OBC bv¡p e`n¡p¶ FÃmB\pIqeyhpw \ÂIWw F¶v I½oj³\nÀt±in¡p¶p. Cu \nÀt±iw \S¸m¡nbmÂtIcf¯nse tijn¡p¶ 40/45 % \mbÀkapZmbmwK§Ä¡pw OBC ]cnKW\e`n¡pambncp¶p.

kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«p\S¸m¡phm³ kÀ¡mÀ X¿mdmbmÂ,`cWLS\ Dd¸p \ÂIp¶ Xpey\oXn Hcp]cn[nhsc \S¸mIpw. ]s£ amdnamdn h¶kÀ¡mcpIÄ kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v]qg v¯nhb¡p¶ IpäIcamb A\mØXpScp¶p. ]iphpw ]«nbpw kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶Cu cmPy¯v ZpcnXa\p`hn¡p¶ a\pjyPohnIsf ImWphm\pw AhcpsS PohnX{]iv\§Ä ]cnlcn¡phm\pw P\IobX{]kwKn¡p¶ Hcp kÀ¡mcpw X¿mdmhp¶nÃ.ap¶m¡ap{ZNmÀ¯s¸«hÀ AkwLSnXcmbXmWv Cu AhKW\v¡p {][m\ ImcWw.`cWLS\m hncp²amb kao]\§Ä¡vAdpXn hcp¯n, FÃmhÀ¡pw Xpey\oXn

Dd¸m¡phm³ P\Iob kÀ¡mcpIÄX¿mdmtb aXnbmhp. AhKW\bpw\oXn\ntj[hpw ASnäÀ¯epw klnsI«P\§Ä, A[nImcKÀÆnt\mSp {]XnIcn¡phm³ \nÀºÔnXcmbncn¡p¶p. cmPy¯vhnhn[ kwØm\§fnÂ \S¡p¶ P\Iob{]t£m`§Ä A[nImcnIfpsS I®pXpd¸n¡p¶nÃ F¦nÂ kl\kacwhym]IamIpsa¶ Imcy¯nÂ kwibwth.

2018 sk]vXw_À 1þ\v, {iohnZym[ncmtPmÕhw 2018 þsâ ̀ mKambn \S¯ s¸Sp¶\mbÀ almkwKaw Cu hnjbw KuchambnNÀ¨sN¿pw. temIs¯ hnhn[ cmPy§fnÂ\n¶papÅ `mcXobcmb {]Xn\n[nIfpw,Cýbnse hnhn[ kwØm\§fnÂ \n¶papÅ {]Xn\n[nIfpw Cu \mbÀ almkwKa¯nÂ ]s¦Sp¡pw. kÀ¡mÀ AhKW\bpsSZpc´êw A\p`hn¡p¶ P\hn`mK§fpsSkwKathZnbmbn Cu almkwKaw amdpw.ap¶m¡ ap{ZNmÀ¯s¸« P\hn`mK§fpsS\ne\nÂ¸n\mbn cmPyhym]Iambn DbÀ¶phtc {]t£m`s¯ kw_Ôn¨ NÀ¨bpwXocpam\hpw Cu kwKa¯nÂ h¨v DmIpw.cmPy¯v Xpey\oXn \S¸m¡p¶Xnsâ`mKambn, kÀ¡mÀ Xs¶ \ntbmKn¨ kn³lpI½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«p \S¸nem¡Wsa¶pw`cWLS\ A\p imkn¡p¶ Xpey\oXnDd¸m¡Wsa¶pw Bhiys¸«psImpÅkac{]Jym]\ thZnbmbn, e£wt]À AWn\nc¡p¶Cu \mbÀalmkwKaw amdpw.

“kzmX{ýw Fsâ P·mhImiamWv ”F¶p {]Jym]n¨psImv kqcy\kvXan¡m¯km{amPyt¯mSv kacw {]Jym]n¨_meKwKm[cXneIs\t¸mse, “Xpey\oXnBcpsSbpw HuZmcyaÃ R§fpsS P·mhImiamWv” F¶v {]Jym]n¨psImv Ańakac¯n\v \mbÀ kapZmbw X¿mdmhpIbmWv.kl\kacamWv kakvX \mbÀ kamPwB{Kln¡p¶Xv.......N«¼nkzman XncphSnIfpsS A\p{Kl¯mÂkpkÖamIp¶ \mbÀtk\ Cu kac¯n\pt\XrXzw \ÂIpw. kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v\S¸m¡pIbpw Xpey\oXn Dd¸m¡pIbpwsN¿pw hsc Cu P\Iob kacw XpScpIXs¶sN¿pw......



\nco-£-W-§Ä IÃd APb³

alm_entIcfw `cn¨ncp¶ F¶Xn\pNcn{X]camtbm ]pcmWkw_ÔnbmtbmsXfnshm¶panÃ. ]pcmW¯nÂ ]dbp¶_enN{IhÀ¯n \mSphmWncp¶Xv a[y{]tZi¯pw _olmdpw IqSnt¨cp¶ ̀ mKs¯hnsStbmBsW¶mWv ]pcmW]ÞnX·mÀ ]dbp¶Xv.\½psS \mS³ ]m«pIfnÂ ]dbp¶ amthen]pcmW¯nse _enbsÃ¶mWv \sÃmcphn`mKw ]ÞnX·mcpw hnizkn¡p¶Xv.kwkvIrX {]Ncambncp¶ Hcp a[yImeL«w\ap¡pmbncp¶n«pw _en F¶ t]cvtIcf¯nse Øe\ma§fnse§panÃ.amthen¡cbpw amthent¡mWhpw amthenap¡pw, Hs¡bps¦nepw alm_en¡cF§panÃ.

hma\]pchpw hma\t£{Xhpw Hs¡bps¦nepw _en¡v kvamcI§sfm¶panÃ.]ns¶§s\ C{Xbpw al¯mb HcpsFXnlyw cq]s¸«p F¶ tNmZy¯n\padp]SnbnÃ. sFXnlyw F¶p ]dbp¶XvA¯c¯nepÅXmWv. IrXyamb hnhc§fpsS ASnØm\¯nÂ cq]s¸Sp¶Xns\sFXnlyw F¶p ]dbmdnÃ; Ncn{Xw Ft¶]dbmdpÅq. alm_enbpsS IY Ncn{XaÃ;sFXnlyw am{XamWv. F¶mÂ sFXnly§fpsS ]ndInÂ Ncn{X¯nsâ Hcp sNdnb

\pd§v DmImdpv. sFXnly§sfASnØm\s¸Sp¯nbpÅ Ncn{XcN\ Hcphenb imJbmbn hfÀ¶n«pv. ZmtamZÀ[Àam\µv sImkmw_nbpsS an¯v Bâ vdnbmenän (Myth and reality) A¯c¯nsemcp{KÙamWv. A¯cw Ncn{X cN\mcoXn_enIYbv¡v [mcmfw hymJym\§Ä\ÂIntb¡mw. AXns\m¶pw AXy´nIambD¯c§fnÃ F¶Xn\mÂ \ap¡v XÂ¡mewhn«pIfbmw.

_en aebmfnbmbmepw AsÃ¦nepwBZyIme§fnÂ HmWw tIcf¯n\p]pd¯pwBtLmjn¨ncp¶Xmbn [mcmfw Ncn{XtcJIÄDÅXmbn Nqn¡mWn¡s¸«n«pv. Xncp¸Xnt£{X¯nÂ Ct¸mgpw Hcp Znhks¯HmWmtLmjw DÅXmbn ]dbs¸Sp¶p.IpSInepw HmWapv Xangv IrXnIfnÂ \n¶pwXangv\m«nÂ hym]Iambn HmWw sImmSnbncp¶Xmbpw ]dbs¸Sp¶p. a¦pSn acX\mÀG.Un 2þmw iXI¯nÂ cNn¨ "a[pssc¡m©n'F¶ kwLIme XangvIrXnbnÂ HmW¯Ãns\¸än ]cmaÀiapt{X! Cu ]camÀi§sfms¡ IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ temI¯nteähpw ]g¡apÅ BtLmjamWv HmWsa¶p ]dbmw.



{InkvXpIYbv¡v 2000 hÀjs¯ ]g¡w]dbp¶ps¦nepw {InkvXpakv BtLmjn¨pXpS§nbXv GItZiw 500 hÀj§Ä¡pap¼vt]m¸v {KnKdn H¶masâ ImewapXemsW¶mWv Ncn{XImc·mÀ ]dbp¶Xv.(G.Un. 590 apXÂ 604) t]m¸v {KnKdn 13þma³1582þ emWv C¶s¯ {InkvXphÀjw F¶phnfn¡s¸Sp¶ {KntKmdnb³ IeÀAhXcn¸n¨sX¶pw ]dbs¸Sp¶p. BsI¡qSnt\m¡pt¼mÄ HmW¯n\v Hcp cmbnc¯nAªqdphÀj¯nsâsb¦nepw ]g¡apmhWw. AXmbXv C¶pw \ne\nÂ¡p¶temI¯nse Gähpw ]g¡w sN¶BtLmjw HmWw Xs¶bmWv.{InkvXpaknt\m aäm tLmj§Ät¡m Cu ]g¡anÃ.

C{Xam{Xw ]mc¼cywAhImis¸Sm³ Ignbp¶ HcpBtLmjw ssIapXembpÅ aebmfnAXnsâ alXzw Xncn¨dnbp¶ptmF¶ kwibw. HmWw AXnsâX\naIfbmsX BtLmjn¡p¶Imcy¯nÂ aebmfn¡p \njvIÀjbnÃ. ]pXnbImew hs¶¦nepw]pXnb kpJkuIcy §fpmsb¦nepw NneXv amdmsX ]gbXpt]mseXs¶bncn¡p¶XmWv IqSpXÂkpµcw. HmWw C¶pw ]gbXpt]mseXs¶ Ccpt¶mt«. ¹mÌn¡pwbm{´nIXbpsaÃmw HmW¯nÂ \n¶pamänh¨mse´v?

]gbIfnIÄ, ]gbNS§pIÄ F¶nhsbms¡ A¸msS \ne\nÀ¯p¶XnÂ Hcpkuµcy imkv{Xapv. HmW¯n\p aªapp\ÂIp¶ Hcp NS§pmbncp¶p.Cs¶{X IpSpw_§Ä AXp XpScp¶pv?XoscbnÃ F¶XmWp kXyw. B NS§nsâ]ndInse imkv{XobX Ft´m Bhs«. AXp\ne\nÀ¯p¶Xp F{X at\mlcambkwKXnbmWv. ]gb aebmfnsb¡mÄ \qdpaS§p k¼¶\mWv C¶s¯ aebmfn. F{Xaªapp thWsa¦nepw hm§m\pÅkm¼¯nI tijn ]pXp aebmfn¡pvF¶mepw k¼¯v hyYmhrbw sN¿p¶aebmfn HmWapn\pthn Hcp sNdnb XpI\o¡nhbv¡m³ X¿mdmIp¶nÃ.

]q¡fw A¶pan¶paps¦nepw AXv

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C¡-gnª SSLC, (ICSE) ]co-£-bnÂ88.27% amÀ¡v hm§n D¶-X-hn-Pbwt\Snb lcn-tKm-hnµv Fkv. SNS

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\mKmcm[\bpw hr£mcm[\bpw AXnsâ]mcay¯nÂ F¯n\nÂ¡p¶ Hcp `qhn`mKamWv ]ÝnaL«w. almhwi¯nÂ HmtcmtcmsNdpIpe§Ä cq]s¸«p hcpt¼mÄ AhbpsShwihr£§fpw hwimSbmf§fmb NnÓ§fpw DbÀ¶phcp¶Xmbn ImWmw. BepwIS¼pw ]\bpw ]mebpw \mKhpw hnÃpwtImgnbpw Ipc§fpsaÃmw A¯c¯nÂIpeNnÓ§fmbn D]tbmKn¡s¸«n«pv.B[p\nI Ncn{XImc·mÀ ]Snªmdp\n¶pwIngt¡m«pmb \c¡q« {]hmls¯¡pdn¨mWv ]et¸mgpw ta\n ]dbmdpÅXv.F¶mÂ Ing¡p\n¶pw ]Snªmtd¡vHgpInbnd§nb kmwkvImcnI kw{IaW¯nsâ bYmÀ°amb Nn{Xhpw Ncn{XhpwC\nbpw ]pd¯phtcXmbpv. temI¯nsekam[m\taJeIfnÂ Gähpw {]YaKW\obambn«pÅXv \mbÀ kaqlamWv. Ime¯nsâFÃm Ips¯mgp¡pItfbpw AXnPohn¨psImv C¶pw \mbÀ XdhmSpIfpsS I¶nt¡mWpIfnÂ Ahtijn¡p¶ kÀ¸¡mhpIÄ{]mIrXamb Hcp Ncn{X_Ô¯nsâ Xncptijn¸pIfmWv.

]gbIme CuPn]väntebpw aäv B{^n¡³{]tZi§fntebpw Atacn¡, ssN\, t]Àjy,It¼mfnb, P¸m³, bqtdm¸v, {Kokv XpS§nbtZi§fnte¡pw \mKmcm[ItKm{X§Ä¡vCýbnse \mKmcm[Imkaql§fpambn«pÅ\m`n\f_Ôw kphyàamWv. Cu tKm{X§ÄFÃmw Xs¶ \mi¯nsâ imtJm]imJIfmbn ]SÀ¶p ]én¨v alm\mKhwi¯nsâhnhn[ hn`mK§fmWv. It¼mUnbbnseantYmfPnbnÂ Hcp kw`hw kqNn¸n¡p¶pv.AXv JaÀ P\XbpsS DÕh Ncn{XambnAhÀ sImmSp¶p. It¼mUnbbnse\mKhwi`cWm[nImcnbmbncp¶p tkma.AhcpsS cmPyt¯¡v IuÞn\y³ F¶Bcy³ IS¶pIbdpIbpw AbmÄs¡Xncmbntkmabpw ]SbmfnIfpw s]mcpXpIbpw sNbvXp.F¶mÂ IuÞn\y³ hnPbn¡pIbpwtkmasb `mcybm¡pIbpw B \mSp`cn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AhcpsS ]n³apd¡mcmWvJaÀP\X. Cu JaÀ hn`mK¯nsâ temI¯mIam\apÅ AwKkwJy 159 aney³ BWv.AhcpsS JaÀ`mjbv¡v Cý³ ]ÀÆXhmknIfpsS `mjbpambn henb kmaywImWp¶pv. F¶pam{XaÃ \mKtKm{X§fpsS{]tXyIXbmb ]nXrBcm[\bpw ihkwkvImc coXnIfpw ]n³]äpIbpw sN¿p¶p.

ssN\bnse \mKhwi§fpsS Ncn{X]Ým¯ew almbm\ _p²aX¯nsâ {]amWnI{KÙambn IcpXs¸Sp¶ "k²Àaw ]pÞcoIw'shfns¸Sp¯p¶pv. _p²`Khmsâ [À½amÀ¤§sf¡pdn¨pÅ {]tLmjWw {ihn¡p¶Xv F«p \mKcmPm¡·mÀ H¶n¨pkt½fn¨Xmbn AXnÂ hnhcn¡p¶p. ssN\okv`mjbnÂ hnhcn¡p¶ AhcpsS kwkvIrX\ma§Ä IpamcPoh³ Xsâ ]cn`mjbpsSDÅnÂ tcJs¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶p. 1. \µ, 2.D]\µ, 3. kmKc, 4. hmkpIn, 5. X£I, 6.A\hX]vXw, 7. am\kzn³, 8. DXv]eIF¶n§s\bmWv B t]cpIÄ. AhtcmsSm¸wAt\Imbncw A\pbmbnIfpw Dmbncp¶Xmbn FSp¯p]dbp¶p. Atacn¡bnsesImfw_nb kÀÆIemime {]kn²oIcnËight buddist tales from the early japaneespuppet theater F¶ ]pkvXI¯nÂ P¸m\nseaXvkpc ktbmlnw F¶ sFXnlmknI\mbnIsb kwc£n¡p¶ \mKhwinbpsSNcn{X kqN\IÄ AS§nbncn¡p¶p."Parallela minora' F¶ ¹q«mÀ¡nsâ(Plutarch) hn{ipX {KÙ¯nÂ \n¶v ]pcmX\tdmanse \mKmcm[\ tKm{X§fpsS Ncn{XwhniZambn {Kln¡m³ Ignbpw.

{]mNo\ _m_ntemWnbbnepw kndnbbnepw saskms¸mt«manbbnepw iàamb\mKmcm[m\bpw \mKIpe \mbI·mcpsSt\XrXz¯nepÅ `cWkwhn[m\§fpapmbncp¶Xmbn sXfnhpv. C{ktbÂhwi¯nsâ BKa\¯n\v ap³]pÅImeL«¯nÂ Im\m³ tZi¯v \mKtKm{X§Ä iàcmbncp¶p. AhnsS B[p\nIKthjW§fpsS êambn "sh¦ebpK'Imes¯ \mKIpe \Kc§fpsS AhinjvS§Ä Is¯nbn«pv. AhbnÂ cs®wmegiddo ]«W¯nemWv. Ahbv¡v 1650þ1550_n.kn hsc Ime¸g¡w \nÀ®bn¨ncn¡p¶p.(The bronze serpent in the israeltitle cult -gordon loud) A History of babylon þF¶]pkvXI¯nÂ Leonard w.king "KkÂ'\Kc¯nse \mKhwinIfpsS asämcp Ncn{Xwhc¨n«ncn¡p¶ "ltkmdn'tebpw "sjs¨w'{]tZit¯bpw \mKt£{X§fpsS Ncn{XhpwCtXmsSm¸w tNÀ¯p hmbnt¡XmWv.

(XpScpw....)



]q¡p-e-tb-´n-bp-d-ªp-Xp-f-fn-bmSn hcpw]pjv] kpK-Ôn\n ]pXp-¡p-f-§-c-b½\n³ ]pjv]-]m-Z-§-fn-se³ {]Wmaw

]q¡me hk-´-§Ä Xfn-cn«p \nÂ¡pwkpK-Ô-{]-hm-ln\n ]pjv]-cmÚn

]qs´¶Â XgpIpw \n³ ]qta-\n-bnÂ]peÀ¡me ]qPbv¡v ]qhmbn hncn-bs« Rm³

]q¦n-\m-hnse ]pXp-¡p-f-§-c-b-½¡v]p¯-cn-]m-b-k-aÀ¸n-¨nSmw

]q¦p-bnÂ \mZw tI«p-W-cp-s¶m-ct½]pjv]-hr-jvSn-Xq-Ip¶p Xncp-k-¶n[n

A½bv¡p ]q¯m-e-ta-´m-\m-bncw BIm-i-Xm-cIw AWn-\n-c-¶p.A½sb kzoI-cn-¡m³ Ipªm-ä-¡n-fnÄ Ipc-h-bn«p.

A½¡v ]qt©e NmÀ¯m³ A]vkc tZhX h¶-WªpA½sb hµn-bv¡p-hm³ AJnemÞa-Þ-e-sam-cp§n

`ph-\-kp-µ-cn, `qXew ]qhm-Sn-bm¡pw]mgvacw ]qa-c-am¡pw

At½ \n³ AÛpX eoe-IÄ B\-µ-km-K-c-Xn-c-I-fmbn\n³ Xncp-\m-a-a-{´m-£-c-§Ä XoÀ°-¡-Sembn

]qwXn-¦-fp-Zn¨ \n³ Xncp-\-S-bnÂ]qÀt®-µp-ap-Jnsb \an-¨p-\nÂ¡pw

hyk-\-`mcw ianbv¡pw hymk-hn-c-NnX IYm-arXw \pIcmw]p¯³bp-K-¯n\p Úmt\m-Zb bÚ-ime]p©ncn ]mÂ¡-S-e-½, ]pXp-¡p-f-§-c-b½\n³th-Z-hr-£-Np-h-«nÂ Hm¦m-c-a-{ -́[z\n !

Fw. F³. hnP-b-Ip-amÀ

IhnX

]pXp¡p-f-§-c-b½



`mKw 10 tImbn-hnf kptcjv

\oIY

\oe-Kncn Nph-¶-t¸mÄ

t]meokv slUv tImÀt«gvkv.tIkv ^bÂ ]cntim[n¡p¶ AtimIv.

kvs]jyÂ At\zjW I½oj³ tPmÀÖvamXyp. At\zjW dnt¸mÀ«nsâ Ahkm\an\p¡p]WnbnÂ GÀs¸«ncn¡p¶p.

KuXan GIm´ Nn´bmbn ItkcbnÂNmcnInS¡p¶p. Xebv¡v apIfnse sseänsâshfn¨¯nÂ AhfpsS apJ¯v ZpxJw XfwsI«n¡nS¡p¶Xv ImWmw.

BcXn Kp]vX sF.F.Fkv Hcp ̂ bepambnAIt¯¡v Ibdn h¶p sImp Xnc¡n

"F´p]än KuXan amUw'"H¶panÃ amUw.' Hcp \nanjw Rm³ Fsâ

AÑs\¡pdn¨v Nnń¨pt]mbn.KuXan Xsâ I®nÂ s]mSnª I®oÀ

XpS¨pamän."KuXan amUw AXn\pÅ in£

IpähmfnIÄ¡v \mw hm§ns¡mSp¡pI Xs¶sN¿pw.'

tPmÀÖv amXyphnsâ {]XnIcWw tI«vKuXan Hcp ]pÑ`mht¯msS ]dªp.

"F´v in£bmWv kmÀ. GdnbmÂ 14hÀjw AXp Ignbpt¼mÄ hopw AbmÄCXv BhÀ¯n¡pI Xs¶ sN¿pw.'

KuXan ]dªXnsâ Bibwa\Ênem¡nb tPmÀÖv amXyp Hcp \nanjwau\w ]men¨tijw ]dªp.

"F´psN¿mw AXmbnt¸mbn \½psS\nbakwhn[m\w'

"amUw ]dªt]mse \½psS \nba¯n\vGsd ]gpXpIfpv. B ]gpXpIÄXs¶bmWv Ipäw sN¿m³ Hcp Ipähmfnsbt{]cn¸n¡p¶Xpw.'

AtimIv ̂ bepIÄ aS¡nsh¨v Fgpt¶äpsImp ]dªp.

"B ]gpXpIÄ \ap¡v Adnbmsa¶ncnt¡AÀlamb in£ hm§n sImSp¡m\mhiyambFÃm ]gpXpIfpw AS¨p sImpÅHct\zjW dnt¸mÀ«mWv \mw \msfkn.F½nsâbpw tImSXnbptSbpw ap¶nÂkaÀ¸n¡p¶Xv.'

"cmjv{Sob¯nepÅ {]XnImcamWvhn\bN{µ³ kmdns\ sImes¸Sp¯m³

{]`mIdns\ t{]cn¸n¨Xv' AtimIv ]dªp.am{XhpaÃ.. sI.]n. Nmt¡mbpw

hn\bN{µ\pw X½nÂ A{X \ÃkpJ¯nembncp¶nÃ. Xsâ ]e{]hÀ¯nIfpw ]cmPbs¸Sm³ hn\bN{µ³amjv Hcp LSIambn amdnbt¸mÄ At±ls¯\in¸nt¡Xv Nmt¡mbpsS IqSnIÀ¯hyambn amdn.

"AXnÂ Hcp LSIw am{Xambncp¶pA]À® F¶ s]¬Ip«n. AtÃ kmÀ'

BcXn Kp]vX tPmÀÖv amXyphnt\mSvXnc¡n.

"AsX... AXnsâ ]n¶nÂ Nmt¡mbpsSaI³ tPmkq«n Xs¶bmbncp¶p A]À®sb]oUn¸n¨v KÀ`nWnbm¡nbXpw Ah³Xs¶bmbncp¶p.'

"AXnÂ N{I]mWnbpsS ]¦v hfschyàamWv. Xsâ ]Zhnsb ZpÀhn\ntbmKwsNbvXv {]`mIdn\pw sI.]n. {Kq¸n\pw thntIkpIsf tX¨pambn¨p Ifªv AXv BNmb¡S¡mcsâ hm¡pIfnÂ t]mepwhyàamWtÃm kmÀ.'

AtimIsâ {]XnIcWw tI«v KuXan]dªp.

"\oeKncnbnÂ \S¶XpwAXpXs¶bmbncp¶p. Ccp\qdntesd G¡ÀkÀ¡mÀ `qan sI.]n.{Kq¸nsâ t]À¡v ]«bwsImSp¯ hIbnÂ Xs¶ h³ X«n¸v \S¶p.]mhw {KmaoWcpsS hkvXp¡fmWvsI.]n.{Kq¸n\v ]Xn¨p \ÂInbXv. sI.]n.{Kq¸n\v SqdnÌv tI{µ§ÄØm]n¡p¶Xnte¡mbn ]mh§sf IpSnHgn¸n¡m³ \S¯nb \o¡§Ä ]mfnbt¸mÄB`yća{ńbpw sI.]n.Nmt¡mbpwtNÀs¶mcp¡nb ]²XnIfmbncp¶p \mw\oeKncnbnÂ IXv.'

KuXan ItkcbnÂ\ns¶gpt¶äp sXm¸nDucn tai¸pd¯v h¨tijw ]dªp.

"aSp¯p. Rms\m¶v Xocpam\n¨p. XÂ¡mewCu sXm¸n H¶v Ducn hbv¡Ww.'

"F´m KuXan ]dªphcp¶Xv.'?BcXn tNmZn¨p"sF.F.Fkpw sF.]n.Fkpw Fs¶ms¡

]dªmÂ shdpw Be¦mcnIambn



NmÀ¯m\pÅ Hcp ap{Zam{XamWv. \memw XcwhnZym`ymkw am{XapÅ cmjv{Sob¡mcsâap¶nÂ HmÑm\n¨p \nÂ¡m\pÅ shdpw HcpIfn¸mh. AXn\¸pdw \mw t\Snb CutbmKyX sImv F´p {]tbmP\amWvP\§Ä¡pÅXv.'

"Rm³ \ntj[n¡p¶nÃ. AXn\¸pdamWv\½p¡pÅ Øm\sa¶v sXfnbn¨p sImSp¡m³IgnbWw Hcp ̀ ocphns\t¸mse Hfnt¨mSpIbÃAXn\pÅ ]cnlmcw'

FÃmw {i²n¨p \n¶ AtimIv apt¶m«ph¶psImp ]dªp.

"AsX... AXmWmhiyw. Cu tIknÂ \mwkzoIcn¨ AtX \ne]mSv XpSÀ¶pw \mwkzoIcn¨mÂ sF.F.FknsâbpwsF.]n.Fknsâbpw alXzw F´msW¶v P\wXncn¨dnbpw.'

"Dw... GXp P\amWv anÌÀ AtimIv.cmjv{Sob¡mÀ am{Xw ]dbp¶Xv icnsb¶vhnizkn¡p¶ CuP\w Xs¶btÃt]meokpImsc IsÃdnbp¶Xpw IfÎsdhgnXSbp¶Xpw'

]pÑt¯msSbpÅ KuXanbpsS {]XnIcWwtI«v AtimIv Hcp\nanjw \ni_vZ\mbn

"KuXan ]dªXv sXämsW¶v Hcn¡epwRm³ ]dbnÃ. Hcp IfÎtdm Hcp t]meokvHmôktdm ]dbp¶Xnt\¡mÄcmjv{Sob¡mc³ ]dbp¶ GXp hnUvVn¯hpwthZhmIyambn kzoIcn¡p¶ P\¯nsâat\m`mhw amdWw.... AsÃ¦nÂ amäs¸SWw.AXn\v KuXan Is¯nb amÀ¤w Hcp]cnlmcaÃ hoWS¯p\n¶v kÀÆiànbpwkw`cn¨v DbÀs¯gpt¶Â¡p¶h\mWv[oc\mb a\pjy³.'

"BcptSsbÃmw i{Xphmbn F{X\mÄ]nSn¨p \nÂ¡m³ Hcp kv{Xobv¡v IgnbpwkmÀ.'

KuXanbpsS tNmZyw tI«v AtimIv D¯cwap«nbt]mse \n¶pt]mbn.

Cu kabw KuXanbpsS I¿nencp¶t^m¬ i_vZn¨p. KuXan t^mWnte¡vt\m¡n sImp ]dªp.

"kn.Fw. hnfn¡p¶p'AhÄ t^m¬ Aä³Up sNbvXpsImp

]dªp."R§Ä CXm ]pds¸«p Ignªp kmÀ.'"AtimIv thKw sdUnbmbnt¡m....'thKw FÃmhcpw ^bepIfpambn

]pdt¯¡nd§n. AXnthKw ImdpIÄH¶n\p]ndtI asäm¶mbn apt¶m«v ]mªp.

* * * *

kn.F½nsâ _w¥mhv]pd¯p am[ya§fpsS Hcp XÅn¡bäw.

skIyqcnän tKäp hgn Bscbpw AIt¯¡vIS¯n hnSmsX AS¨n«ncn¡p¶p.

I¯nInS¡p¶ sseäpIÄ AI¯vB`yća{ń {]`mIÀ DÄs¸sSbpÅa{ńamÀ Kuchamb NÀ¨bnÂGÀs¸«ncn¡p¶p.

apJya{ń Ipª\´³Hmtcmcp¯cpsSbpw hnaÀi\ ic§ÄGäphm§n \ni_vZXtbmsS XmSn¡v I¿pwsImSp¯ncp¶p.

Cu kabw tKäp]Sn¡Â Fkv.]n.KuXan, tPmÀÖvamXyp, IfÎÀ BcXnKp]vX F¶nhÀ k©cn¨ hml\wAIt¯¡v IS¯nhnSm³ t]meokv am[ya{]Xn\n[nIsf amän \nÀ¯n IS¯nhn«p.

apJya{ńbpsS t]gvkWÂ Ìm^nÂs¸«HcmÄ AIt¯¡v h¶v kn.F½nt\mSv]dªp.

"kmÀ AhÀ h¶p.'"Ibdn hcm³ ]dbq'At±lw ]pdt¯¡v \S¶Xpw kn.Fw

au\w ]men¨ncp¶p. B`yća{ń {]`mIÀDÄs¸sSbpÅhÀ Fs´ms¡tbm hnfn¨p]dbp¶pmbncp¶p. ]IpXnbntesd t]cpwapJya{ń cmPnh¨v XÂ¡mew Hgnªp\nÂ¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸Sp¶pmbncp¶p.

Cu kabw ]pd¯p\n¶v KuXanbpwkwLhpw AIt¯¡v {]thin¨XpwB`yća{ń {]`mIÀ DÄs¸sSbpÅhcpsSapJw Idp¯v Icphmfn¨p.

apJya{ń¡v AhÀ A`nhmZyw \ÂIn.AhcpsS A`nhmZyw kzoIcn¨psImv kn.Fw.ItkcbnÂ \n¶v Fgpt¶äp.

"F¶pw Ipª\´³ Xe\nhÀ¯n ]nSnt¨\S¶n«pÅq. AXv F¶pw A§s\Xs¶bmbncn¡Wsa¶v Ipª\´\v\nÀ_ÔhpamWv. t\cw ]pecpt¼mÄIpª\´³ F¶ apJya{ń XeIp¼n«v]pd¯p t]mtInbncn¡p¶p.'

"tkmdn kmÀ. Ipª\´s\¶apJya{ńsb AtX Øm\¯v XpScm³ P\wB{Kln¡p¶pv kmÀ.'

KuXanbpw tPmÀÖv amXyphpw At\zjWdnt¸mÀ«v kn.F½n\v ssIamdn.

"A§v A\phZn¨ kab ]cn[n¡pÅnÂ\oeKncn kw`hs¯¡pdn¨pw hnPbm\µ³amjnsâ acWs¯¡pdn¨pÅ dnt¸mÀ« vkaÀ¸n¡m³ Gsd IjvS¸mSpIÄA\p`hnt¡nh¶p kmÀ.'



dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¨p sImv tPmÀÖv amXyp]dªp.

"shcn KpUv.. Hcp shSn¡v cp]£n.\oeKncn kw`hs¯¡pdn¨v At\zjn¨dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡m³ KuXan amU¯n\pIfÎÀ amU¯n\pw A\phZn¨ kab]cn[n¡pÅnÂ dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡m³ Ignª\n§fpsS [ocXbv¡v Fsâ {]tXyIA`n\µ\w.'

kn.Fw Ahsc Hmtcmcp¯scbpw sj¡vlm³Uv \ÂIn A`n\µn¡p¶Xv IvB`yć a{ń {]`mIÀ CSbv¡v Ibdn]dªp.

"F´v At\zjWw kn.Fw.BcpsSsb¦nepw t]cnÂ Npcp§nbkab¯n\pÅnÂ sI«nh¨pm¡p¶ IYbv¡vAt\zjW dnt¸mÀ«v F¶v ] dbm³ Ignbptamkn.Fw'

"A§s\ Fs´Ãmw At\zjW dnt¸mÀ«vh¶ncn¡p¶p {]`mIÀ. s{Sbn³ZpcápmIpt¼mÄ CÃm¯ Imänsât]cnepw amcItcmK§Ä hoXbv¡pt¼mÄanm{]mWnIfptSbpw t]cnÂ At\zjWw\S¯n tImSnIÄ Xpebv¡pt¼mÄ kXywhnkvacn¡s¸SpIbpw bYmÀ° ImcW¡mcmb{]XnIÄ c£s¸SpIbpw sN¿pw.'

kn.F½nsâ {]XnIcWw tI« vB`yća{ń {]`mIdnsâ apJ¯pmbPmfyX adbv¡m³ tai¸pd¯ncp¶ t]¸Àshbnäv Id¡n sImncp¶p.

"Cu dnt¸mÀ«pIfnÂ \n§Ä¡vsXäp]änbn«nsÃ¶v hnizkn¡matÃm'

"XoÀ¨bmbpw Cu At\zjWw R§Ä¡v]qÀ¯nbm¡m³ Hcmfns\IqSn R§Ä¡vAdÌv sN¿Ww kmÀ.'

KuXan kn.F½nt\mSv ]dªp."Hcp tIkv At\zjWw

]qÀ¯nbm¡pt¼mÄ {]XnIsfÃmw t]meokvIÌUnbnepmbncn¡Ww. \n§Ä¡v AdÌvsN¿m³ aSn¡p¶p {]Xn BcmWv.'

B`yća{ń {]`mIÀ t^m¬I¿nseSp¯v BÀt¡m t^m¬ sN¿m³{ian¨p.

KuXan AXv XSªpsImv ]dªp."tkmdn kmÀ. C\n Cu t^mWnÂ\n¶pw Hcp

t^m¬ tImÄ t]mepw ]pdt¯¡v t]mIm³]mSnÃ.'

"\o F´p sN¿pw. Fs¶ ]pfp¯nIfbm³t]mIpIbm...'

B`yća{ń {]`mIÀ NmSnFgpt¶äpsImp ]dªp.

"hm¡pIÄ kq£n¨p D]tbmKn¡Ww

kmÀ.'"CsÃ¦nÂ \o F´p sN¿pw.'"AtimIv.... AdÌv'{]XnImcw sImv ]ÃpIÄ sRcnªacp¶

Xn\nSbnÂ KuXan ]dªp."t\m... ASnØm\ clnXamb Btcm]W

§Ä sI«nä¨v BcpsS taenepw IpXncIbdphm\pÅ A[nImcasÃ \n\¡vX¶n«pÅXv.'

{]`mIÀ KuXan¡v t\sc BªSn¨p."a{ńbmIm³ henb hnZym`ymk tbmKyX

thWsa¶nÃ kmÀ. sF.F.FkpImc³ FgpXnsImSp¡p¶ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ hmbn¡phm\pÅtbmKyX am{Xw aXn. F¶mepw hm¡pIÄD]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ kq£n v̈ D]tbmKn¡Ww.'

KuXan kn.F½n\v t\sc XncnªpsImpXpSÀ¶p

"£an¡Ww kmÀ.'B`yća{ń¡p t\sc XncªpsImv"DSpXpWn¡v adpXpWnbnÃmsX

hni¸S¡m³ amÀ¤anÃmsX AeªpXncnªv\S¶ {]`mIdn\v C¶v Cu I kz¯p¡ÄHs¡ F§s\ k¼mZn¨psh¶v Rm³]dbtWm? IpSpw_w t]mepw t\m¡msXk¼mZn¨sXÃmw ]mÀ«n¡pthn Nnehgn¨v]mÀ«nsb hfÀ¯nsbSp¯hcnÂ Fsâ AÑ³cho{µ\mY³ amjv AgnaXnbpsS sNfn¡pnte¡v Bgv¶nd§nb {]`mIdns\¡pdn¨v]mÀ«n¡pÅnÂ hnaÀin¨Xnsâ t]cnÂ {]`mIÀAt±ls¯ i{Xp]mfb¯nem¡n. FsâAÑsâ acWw shdpsamcp BIvknUâmbncp¶nÃm F¶v C¶v Rm³ hnizkn¡p¶p.'

"B sImeIpähpw Fsâ t]cnÂNpa¯m\mbncn¡pw \nsâ `mhw'

{]`mIÀ FSp¯Sn¨pt]mse {]XnIcn¨p.CXphscbpÅ At\zjW dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ

h¨v ]cntim[n¡pt¼mÄ AXn\pÅ km[yXXÅn¡fbm³ IgnbnÃ. anÌÀ {]`mIÀ.

GXmbmepw in£sbÃmw Hcpan¨ vA\p`hnt¡nhcpw.

"Fs¶ in£n¨p InS¯p¶Xv ImWm³\n\¡v henb B{KlapmIpsa¶vF\n¡dnbmw. B kJmhnsâ tamftÃ'

{]XnImcw \ngÂ hncn¨ `mht¯mSpÅ{]`mIdnsâ {]XnIcWw tI« v KuXanDudn¨ncn¨psImv ]dªp.

"At¸mÄ FÃmw Adnbmw. kXywFs¶¦nepw Hcn¡Â Pbn¡psa¶v F\n¡dnbmambncp¶p anÌÀ {]`mIÀ. IpähmfnFt¸mgpw in£n¡s¸SWw. \nba¯n\vap¶nÂ Hcn¡epw \n§Ä¡v c£s¸Sm\mhnÃ



\nba¯nsâ FÃm ]gpXpIfpw AS¨tijamWv Xm¦sf AdÌv sN¿phm\pÅD¯chv ssI¸änbn«pÅXv.'

{]`mIdnsâ apJw hÃmXmbn. aäpÅhÀCcn¸S¯nÂ\n¶pw \ni_vZcmbn Fgpt¶äp.

"\oeKncn kw`h¯nse H¶mw {]XnbmbnCu \nÂ¡p¶ B`yća{ń {]`mIÀ.kÀ¡mÀ A[o\XbnepÅ 216 G¡À `qansI.]n. {Kq¸n\v ]Xn¨p\ÂInb hIbnÂtImSn¡W¡n\v cq] A¶s¯ dh\yphIp¸va{ń F¶ \nebnÂ ssI¸än SqdnÌvtI{µ§Ä F¶ t]cnÂ tPmkq«n \S¯p¶kvssI»q DÄs¸sSbpÅ Øm]\§fnÂB`yća{ń {]`mIdnÂ ]mÀ«vWÀjn¸v.A\mimky{]hÀ¯\w \S¯nhcp¶ kvssI»qhnÂ\n¶pw kÀ¡nÄ C³kvs]IvSÀN{I]mWn DÄs¸sSbpÅhsc AdÌv sNbvXvØm]\w ]q«n.'

"am{XhpaÃ kmÀ. hnPbm\µ³ amjnsâsIme]mXI¯nÂ B`yća{ńbpsS ]¦vkwibmkvZ]ambn sXfnbn¡s¸«p Ignªncn¡pIbmWv.'

kn.Fw. Ipª\´³ B`yća{ń{]`mIdns\bpw kwLs¯bpw Xncnªpt\m¡n sImp ]dªp.

"anÌÀ {]`mIÀ Rm³ Im¯ncp¶Xpw CuHcp \nanj¯n\pthnbmWv. A[nImchpwcmjv{Sob kzm[o\hpw D]tbmKn¨v ]nSns¨Sp¡p¶sXÃmw ]nSns¨Sp¯ hIbnÂ ]mÀ«nsbbpw Xsâ ssI¡p¼nfnÂ HXp¡m³IjvSs¸Sp¶ kJmhns\ F\n¡v Xncn¨dnbm³Ignªp. A[nImcw GsäSp¯v 24 aWn¡qdn\Iw _w¥mhv tamSn]nSn¸n¡m³ Cu Ccn¡p¶a{ńamÀ Hmtcmcp¯cpw FgpXnhm§nbe£§Ä Dmbncp¶p sh¦nÂ ChnSps¯]«nWn ]mh§fpsS hni¸v

amäm\mIpambncp¶p. \mw Hmtcmcp¯cpwHmt¶mÀ¡Ww anÌÀ {]`mIÀ km[mcW¡mcsâ NnÃnImiv sImv i¼fw ]äp¶\½Ä JP\mhv Imenbm¡pt¼mÄ ChnsS\½sf A[nImc¯nse¯n¨ P\s¯¡pdn¨v....

Hcpd¨ Xocpam\t¯msS kn.Fw. XpSÀ¶p.'"C¶v Fsâ cmPn tXSn h¶hÀ¡v

AXpsImSp¡m³ Rm³ X¿mÀ. ]t£ Cu\nanjw apXÂ Hcp {Inan\Â IpähmfnbpwFsâ a{ńk`bnÂ Dmhm³ ]mSnÃ. KuXan\n§fpsS ASp¯ \S]Sn F´msW¶v h¨mÂkzoIcnt¨mfq.'

kn.Fw. AIt¯¡v Ibdnt]mbXpwKuXan AtimInsâ I¿nÂ\n¶pwhne§phm§n {]`mIdns\ hne§ph¨p.

"\S¡Ww anÌÀ {]`mIÀ. ChnSps¯PbnÂ PohnXw F´msW¶v A§pwH¶dnªncn¡WatÃm'

"\o Fs¶ Ifnbm¡pI.'"A§s\ tXm¶nsb¦nÂ £an¡Ww.

C\nbpw F\n¡v H¯ncn tPmenbpv kmÀ.a{ń F¶ ]Zhn amänh¨v AtimIs\t]mepÅ sNdp¸¡mcpsS I¿q¡v ]cntim[n¡m³ Ahkcw Hcp¡cpXv.'

{]`mIdnsâ apJw hÃmXmbn. {]`mIÀKuXansbbpw BcXn Kp]vXsbbpw tPmÀÖvamXyphns\bpw amdnamdn cq£ambn t\m¡nsImv apt¶m«v \S¶p.

AhÀ¡v ]n¶mse a{ńamcpw ]n´pSÀ¶p.]{XZriyam[ya§fneqsS {]`mIdnsâ

AdÌv sNbvX hmÀ¯ tImfnf¡w krjvSn¨p.

Ahkm\n¨p....

Pzme

\mbÀ tIkcnbnÂ DS³ Bcw`n¡p¶p. "Pzme' HcpNe¨n{Xmhnjv¡cWw.

acp¶pI¼\nIÄ hnXbv¡p¶ amcI tcmK¯ns\Xnsc{]hÀ¯n¨ Hcp am[ya{]hÀ¯Ibv¡pmb Hcp ZmcpWamb

Aý¯nsâ IY.

BtcmKytaJesb AS¡n hmgp¶ tem_nsb¡pdn¨pÅHcp At\zjWmßIamb IY.



sImÂ¡¯ sslt¡mSXnbnseAtämÀWn P\dÂ hniz\mY Z¯bpsSaI\mbn 1863 P\phcn 12 \v sImÂ¡¯nbnemWv \tc{µZ¯ F¶ hnthIm\µ³]nd¶Xv. CuizcN{µ hnZymkmKÀ hnZymebw,sImÂ¡¯ {]knU³kn tImtfPv ,F¶nhnS§fnse ]T\tijw sImÂ¡¯kvt¡m«njv NÀ¨v tImtfPnÂ\n¶pw _ncpZwt\Sn. 1881þÂ {iocmaIrjvW ]calwk\pambpmb IqSn¡mg vN \tc{µ\mYnsâPohnX¯nÂ hgn¯ncnhmbn. At±lt¯msSm¸w Nnehgn¨ A©phÀj§Ä \tc{µsâhyànXzw amänadn¨p. AXn\Iw \tc{µ³{iocmaIrjvW ]calwksc KpcphmbnkzoIcn¨pIgnªncp¶p. 1886þÂ {iocmaIrjvW ]calwk³ kam[nbmbn. 1887þÂ\tc{µ\mYv Z¯v hnthIm\µ³ F¶ Kpcp\ÂInb t]cv kzoIcn¨p. AÔhnizmk¯nepw A\mNmc§fnepw Zmcn{Zy¯nepwBv InS¶ `mcXob P\Xsb D²cn¡m\pw\thm°m\ ]mXbnte¡v \bn¡m\pwthnbpÅ {]hÀ¯\§fmbncp¶p XpSÀ¶vAt±l¯nsâ {i². `mcXs¯ t\cn«dnbm³lnamebw apXÂ I\ymIpamcn hsc At±lwbm{XsNbvXp. B ]cyS\thfbnÂ 1892þÂ

_n. N{µtaml³IrjvW]pcw

At±lw FdWmIpf¯v F¯n Unkw_Àamk¯nembncp¶p AXv . ]t£ BcpwAt±ls¯ Xncn¨dnªnÃ. F¶mÂ sIm¨nbnse Znhm³ sk{I«dnbmbncp¶ cma¿cpw,t]meokv kq{]mbncp¶ Nµpemepw BImhn thj[mcnbpsS almtXPÊvXncn¨dnªp. Ccphcpw ASp¯v sN¶v ]eXpwtNmZns¨¦nepw hnthIm\µ³ au\w Zo£n¨tXbpÅp. ]n¶oSv AhÀ BZc]qÀÆw kzoIcn v̈kq{]v {io Nµpemensâ hkXnbnse¯n¨p.km£mÂ hnthIm\µ kzmanIfmWv hninjvShyànsb¶v Xncn¨dnª AhÀ `àymZc]qÀÆw At±ls¯ \akv¡cn¨p. CXn\nsSN«¼nkzmanIsf AhÀ hnhcw Adnbn¨p.kzmanIsf¯n At±ls¯ cma¿sâhkXnbnte¡v B\bn¨p. ]cnNbs¸Spw ap¼vAhÀ ]ckv¸cw BenwK\w sNbvXp.BenwK\t¯msS Ccphcnepw DÄs¡mncp¶Bßob tXPÊv Ahsc Nnc]cnNnXcm¡n.]ns¶ kwkvIrX`mjbnÂ Ccphcpw kpZoÀLamb NÀ¨IÄ \S¯n. hnthIm\µ³N«¼nkzmanItfmSv Nn·p{Zsb¡pdn¨pÅhnhc§Ä tNmZn¨dnªp. N«¼nkzmanIÄ

kzmanhnthIm\µ³



hmNnIambpw BwKnIambpw Nn·p{ZbpwÚm\ap{Zbpw ]nSn¡p¶ hn[hpw AXnsâKpWKW§fpsams¡ _rlZmcWy tIm]\nj¯nsâ {]kà`mK§Ä D²cn¨vhnhcn¨p sImSp¯p. Bßmhpw {]]©hpwH¶mWv F¶ almX¯zamWv Nn·p{ZsImv{]IminXamIp¶sX¶v At±lw hyàam¡n.

"ChnsS CXm Rms\mcp alm\mb{]Xn`sb Ipap«nbncn¡p¶p.' F¶v hnthIm\µ kzmanIÄ N«¼nkzmanIsf {]iwkn¨t¸mÄ "At±lw Hcp s]m³IpSamWv BhmbnÂ \n¶v {]hln¡p¶ hm¡pIÄaWÂ¯cnIsft¸mepw a[pcn¸n¡pw'F¶mWv N«¼nkzmanIÄ hnthIm\µs\¡pdn¨v ]dªXv. tIcf¯nse lo\ambPmXnhyhØbpw Xoepw Abn¯hpw Hs¡Iv tIcfbm{Xs¡mSphnÂ, tIcfw Hcp{`mébw F¶mWv At±lw hntijn¸n¨Xv.hnthIm\µ kzmanIÄ ]n¶oSv I\ymIpamcnbnse¯n. kap{Z¯nÂ AIse Zriyamb

]md¡q«¯nte¡v i¦IqSmsX \oń¡bdn,aq¶v Znhkw AhnsS GIm´ [ym\¯nÂapgpInbncp¶p. ]n¶oS v aS§n h¶vaS¡bm{Xbmbn. B ]mdbmWv C¶v hnthIm\µ¸md F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ ]pWyØew

1893 sk]vXw_À 11 \v Nn¡mtKm temIaX]mÀesaâ nÂ hnthIm\µ³ ]s¦Sp¯p.lnµpaXs¯bpw, `mcXs¯bpw {]Xn\n[m\wsNbvXv hnthIm\µ³ AhnsS \S¯nb{]kwKw, AhnkvacWobambn. "Atacn¡bnse Fsâ ktlmZcn ktlmZc·msc' F¶A`nkwt_m[\sImv am{Xw Atacn¡bpsSlrZbw ]nSn¨Sp¡nb At±lw `mcX¯nsâBßob shfnämbn AhÀ¡v A\p`hs¸«p.tIcf¯nÂ\n¶v cmPmchnhÀ½bpw Cu temIkÀÆaX kt½f\¯nÂ ]s¦Sp¡pIbpmbn.

19þmw \qämnÂ lnµpaXs¯ temIaXambn Pzen¸n¨XnÂ kp{][m\ ]¦v hln¨hnthIm\µ³ thZm´¯nsâbpw, tbmKbptSbpw {]NmcI\mbn. Cw¥v kµÀi\¯n\nsS Ipap«nb AbÀepImcn amÀ{Kävt\m_nÄ BWv hnthIm\µsâ apJyinjyIfnÂ Hcmfmb knÌÀ \nthZnX BbXv.

1897, sabv þ 1 \v hnthIm\µ³ kmaqlytkh\¯n\mbn sImÂ¡¯bv¡v kao]wtheqÀ BØm\am¡n cmaIrjvW anj³Øm]n¨p. kzman hnthIm\µ\nÂ\n¶pw{]tNmZ\w DÄs¡m PmwjUvPn Smä Cý³C³Ìnäyq«v Hm^v kb³kv XpS§n hnthIm\µsâ P·Zn\amb P\phcn 12 CýbnÂbphP\Zn\ambn BNcn¡p¶p.

1902 Pqsse 4 \mWv kzmanhnthIm\µ³temIt¯mSv hnS]dªXv. acW¯nsâbYmÀ° ImcWw Is¯m\mbnsÃ¦nepwAt±l¯nsâ Xet¨mdnte¡pÅ \mUnIÄs]m«nbncn¡msa¶v IcpXp¶p. Xm³ \mÂ¸XphbÊne¸pdw Pohn¡nÃm F¶v hnthIm\µ³{]hNn¨ncp¶p. hn{iaanÃm¯ bm{XIfpw{]`mjW§fpw, NÀÏfpw kzmanbpsSBtcmKys¯ {]XnIqeambn _m[n¨p. ISp¯Bkva_m[nX\mb At±ls¯ {]tamlhpwAe«nbncp¶p.

`mcXobcmb km[mcW¡mcpsS ùXoIhpw Bßobhpamb D¶Xnsb e£yam¡nAhn{iaw A\hcXw {]bXv\n¨ alm\mbtbmKohcy\mbncp¶p kzman hnthIm\µ³.



\mbÀ kaq-l-¯nsâ hfÀ¨bpw

XfÀ¨bpw: Hcp Ncn-{X-]-T\w

teJ\ ]c-¼cþ19

(\mbÀ kaq-l-¯nsâ hwtim-ev]-¯n, sslµ-h-kw-kvIm-c-¯nÂ XpS§n ]e tZi-§Ä XmntIc-f-¯nÂ IpSn-tb-dnb IY, {Kmao-W-k-¼Â kar-²-tI-c-fhpw tIc-fob kwkvIm-chpw ae-bm-f-`m-jbpw cq]-s¸« Ncn-{Xw, \mbÀ ta[m-hnXzw iq{Z-̄ n-te¡v Xcw Xmgv¯-s¸« Ncn-{X-]-Ým-¯-ew, D¯-c-hm-Z-̀ -c-W-k-a-c-¯n\v \mbÀ \ÂInb t\Xr-Xzw, kmaq-ly-Po-hn-X-¯nsâ kakvXtaJ-e-I-fnepw \thm-°m\w hcp-¯nb Ncn{Xw, cmPy-¯n\pw P\-§Ä¡pw thn-bp-Å-\m-b³am-cpsS alm-_en Zm\w, kzmX-{ý-k-a-cw, P\m-[n-]-Xyþ atX-X-cþ tkmjy-enÌv `mcXw sI«n-¸-Sp-̄ -Xnse ]¦v, \mbÀ kap-Zm-b-¯nsâ ]X-\w, cmjv{Sob ]mÀ«n cq]o-I-c-Whpw XIÀ¨-bpw, km¼-¯nI kwh-cW hmZw, \mb³am-cpsS C¶s¯ k¼qÀ®-\m-iw, cmjvv-{Sob iq{Z-Xzw, \mbÀþCugh sFIyw hsc-bpÅ hmZ-§Ä, \mbÀ kap-Zm-b-¯nsâ Dbn-Às¯gpt¶ev]n-\pÅ amÀ¤-§Ä XpS§n C¶s¯ \mb³am-cpsS FÃm Bi-Ifpw Bi-¦-Ifpw CXnÂ khn-kvXcw NÀ¨sN¿-s¸-Sp-¶p.)

imkvXmw-tIm« cma-N-{µ³

\mbÀ kv{XoIfpsS _p²nbpwkuµcyhpw Ipeo\Xbpw A´xÊpw temIwapgph³ {]kn²amWv. tIcf¯nse cmPm¡·mcpsS `mcyamÀ apgph³ \mbÀ kv{XoIfmbncp¶p. XncphnXmwIqdnÂ A½¨namÀ F¶pwsIm¨nbnÂ t\Xymc½ F¶pw ae_mdnÂsI«ne½ F¶pamWv Ahsc hntijn¸n¨ncp¶Xv. DWymSn NcnXw, D®nb¨n NcnXw,D®n¨ncpX Ncn{Xw Cu aq¶v N¼p¡fnÂ\mbÀ kv{XoIfpsS kuµcyhÀ®\ ImWmw.{_mÒWÀ kw_Ôw IqSnbXpw Cu \mbÀkv{XoIfpsS khntijXsImmhmw.

kvs]bn\nse skhÂ F¶ \Kc¯nsehnizhnJymXamb alnfIfpsS icocImńtbmSpw, AwKkujvSht¯mSpw IgnhpItfmSpwkam\amWv tIcf\mcnamcpsS kuµcysa¶vPÀ½³ NnÍ\mb _mÀ°Àt]mfkv (hpa¬

F¶ IrXnbnÂ ]Sw klnXw ]cmaÀin¨ncn¡p¶p) IpSpw_`cW¯nepw, ]mNI IebnepwFÃm IemcwK§fnepw, sXmgnÂ taJebnepw`cWcwK¯pw \mbÀ kv{XoIÄ AZzXobcmsW¶v CXv ]cs¡ AwKoIcn¡s¸«n«pÅkXyamWv.

18þmw \qämnemWv \mbÀ kv{XoIÄkmaqlnI IemcwK§fnte¡v IS¶ph¶Xv.Ccbn½³X¼nbpsS aIÄ Ipªn¡p«nX¦¨nbmWv kmlnXy¯nÂ BZyw IS¶ph¶Xv. Sn.kn. IeymWnb½, _n. IeymWnb½,tKmaXnb½, ]n. Iae½ XpS§nb IpSpw_n\nIfpw kmlnXythZnbnÂ AWn\nc¶p.A¼mSn ImÀ¯nbm\nb½, tXm«bv¡m«vKucn¡p«nb½, A¼mSn C¡mh½, sI.]n.Ipªne£vanb½, sI.]n.Kucn¡p«nb½bpwkmlnXy¯n\v kw`mh\sNbvXhcmWv.

\mbÀ kv{XoIfpw kaqlhpw



kmlnXyXdhm«nse A½bmb _memaWnb½ aIÄ am[hn¡p«n, XpS§nbhÀ {]ikvXkmlnXyImcnbmWv AXpt]mse ]mÂ¡pf§c kckzXnb½ sNdpIYm cwK¯v{]kn²bmWv. XpSÀ¶v Ct§m«v kmlnXyw,Ie, DtZymKw, cmjv{Sobw, `cWw, t]meokv,]«mfw XpS§nb FÃm cwK§fnepw kv{XoIfpsS apt¶äw Dmbn. A²ym]nIamcnepw,\gvkpamcnepw tUmÎÀamcnepw Hcp\Ã ]¦v\mbÀ kv{XoIÄ¡mWv. sXmgnÂ Dd¸v]²Xnbnepw AhÀ \nÀ®mbIamWv. Nhd]mdp¡p«n {]kn² IYIfn \SnbmWv.

\mb·mÀ cmjv{Sob]mÀ«n cq]oIcn¡p¶pF³.Un.]n bpsS DZbhpw AkvXa\hpw1967þ Â C.Fw.Fkv a{ńk`bpsS

]nt¶m¡ kapZmb§Ä¡v {]mapJywIÂ¸n¨psImpÅ "s\«qÀ I½oj³'cq]oIcWhpw, \mbÀ kapZmbw D¶bn¨km¼¯nI kwhcW \nÀt±i¯nsâXnckv¡cWhpw kapZmbs¯ hfscb[nIw\ncmibnem¡n. km¼¯nI kwhcW¯n\pthnbpÅ kacw iàam¡Wsa¦nÂkapZmb¯n\v Hcp cmjv{Sob]mÀ«n thWsa¶pÅ Bibw iàambn kapZmb¯nÂcq]wsImp. Xncph\´]pc¯v, tIihZmk]pc¯pÅ F³.Fkv.Fkv aµnc¯nÂsh¨vHcp \mbÀ BtemN\mtbmKw \S¶p.InS§qÀtKm]meIrjvW]nÅ, Bd·pftIih³\mbÀ, F³.`mkv¡c³\mbÀ, BÀ.ANypX³ (ap³ Fw.]n), hn. \mWp¡p«³\mbÀ F¶nhcpsS ]cnNn´\ êambn Hcpcmjv{Sob{]Øm\w cq]oIcn¡Wsa¶vXocpam\w FSp¯p. If¯nÂ thembp[³\mbÀ ASnbpd¨ tIm¬{KÊpImc\mbncps¶¦nepw Cu Xocpam\w At±ls¯s¡mpw AwKoIcn¸n¡m³ \mbÀ t\Xm¡Ä¡v Ignªp. 1972þÂ F³.Fkv.Fkv_UvPäv kt½f\¯n\ptijw Hcp \mbÀ{]Xn\n[n kt½f\w tUm. inhcma³\mbcpsSA²y£XbnÂ IqSn \mjWÂ Utam{ImänIv]mÀ«n (F³.Un.]n) ¡v cq]w \ÂIn. If¯nÂthembp[³ \mbÀ sNbÀam\mbpw AcqÀANypX³ sshkv sNbÀam\mbpw Bd·pftIih³\mbÀ P\dÂ sk{I«dnbmbpwInS§qÀ tKm]meIrjvW]nÅ JPm³Pnbmbpw F³.Un.]n \nehnÂh¶p.

F³.Un.]nbpsS {]mcw`L«¯nÂ CXccmjv{Sob kmaqlnI {]Øm\§Ä¡v t]SnkrjvSn¨psImv F³.Un.]n P\{i²BIÀjn¨v hfÀ¶ph¶p. 1970 ImeL«¯nÂs\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«n\v FXnscF³.Fkv.Fknsâ iàn{]IS\hpwapJya{ń¡v \nthZ\hpw \S¯nsb¦nÂKh¬saâ nsâ `mK¯p\n¶pw XnI¨pw

{]XnIqeamb {]XnIcWamWpmbXv .XncsªSp¸nÂ \mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâthm«pIÄ t\Sn \nbak`m kmamPnIcmb]ecpw AhcpsS ]mÀ«n \ne]mSn\v A\pkcn¨vkapZmb¯n\v FXncmb \S]SnbmWvkzoIcn¨Xv. AXmWv F³.Un.]n iàam¡m³t{]cWbmbXv.

1977þÂ F³.Un.]nbpsS kwØm\kt½f\w Xmeq¡v tXmdpapÅ {]hÀ¯\t¯msS Kwòcambn \S¶p. cmP³ tIknsât]cnÂ sI. IcpWmIc³ apJya{ń]ZwcmPnhbv¡pIbpw BâWn apJya{ń]ZwGsäSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. Ig¡q«¯n\v \n¶pwBâWn \nbak`mwKambn aÕcn¨v Pbn¨p.B D]XncsªSp¸nÂ BâWn¡v ]n´pW\ÂIp¶Xn\v cv D]m[nIÄ F³.Un.]napt¶m«v h¨p. s\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«vXÅn¡fbpI, km¼¯nI kwhcWw\S¸nem¡pI F¶nh Bbncp¶p \nÀt±i§Ä.F³.Un.]nbpsS iànt_m[yapÅ ̀ cWI£nIÄ \nÀt±i¯n³ taÂ Znhk§tfmfw NÀ¨\S¯n. F³.Un.]n¡pthn InS§qcpw F³.`mkv¡c³\mbcpw `cWI£nsb {]Xn\n[oIcn¨v sI.]n.kn.kn {]knUâ v Bbncp¶hcZcmP³\mbcpw sI.Fw amWnbpw apl½ZvtImbbpw NÀ¨bnÂ ]s¦Sp¯p. apt¶m¡kapZmb¯nse ]mhs¸«hÀ¡pw ]nt¶m¡kapZmb¡mÀ¡papÅ B\pIqeyw \ÂImsa¶pw s\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v XÅn¡fbmsa¶pw Xocpam\n¡pIbpw Kh¬saâns\sImv AwKoIcn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp. AXvF³.Un.]n¡v IqSpXÂ P\{i²bpw AwKoImchpw In«m³ CSbm¡n.

BâWn A[nImcØm\w Hgnªt¸mÄsI. IcpWmIc³ apJya{ńbmbn. t\cnb`qcn]£w am{Xapmbncp¶ B a{ńk`bv¡vF³.Un.]n iàn]IÀ¶p. \mbÀ¡v kwhcWwthWsa¶v AÃ ZpcnXw A\p`hn¡p¶hÀGXv hn`mK¯nÂs¸«hcmbmepw AhÀ¡vkwhcWw thWsa¶mWv F³.Un.]n Bhiys¸«Xv. 1975þÂ F³.Un.]n t\Xmhmb Bd·pftIih³\mbÀ \ncymX\mbn (P\dÂsk{I«dn). Fw.]n.\mcmbW³\mbÀ P\dÂsk{I«dn Øm\w GsäSp¯p. 1976þÂF³.Un.]n sNbÀam\mbncp¶ If¯nÂthembp[³ \mbcpw Aćn¨p. XpSÀ¶v AtXhÀjw Xs¶ P\dÂ sk{I«dn Fw.hn.\mcmbW³\mbcpw \ncymX\mbn. XpSÀ¶vNm¯¶qÀ X¦¸³]nÅbpw ]n¶oS vh«nbqÀ¡mhv chnbpw {lkzImew P\dÂsk{I«dnbmbncp¶p.

Xncph\´]pcw knäntImÀ¸tdj³XncsªSp¸nÂ F³.Un.Fbv¡v koäpIÄt\SnbXv ]mÀ«n¡v henb KpWw Ip«n. ]mÀ«ncq]oIcWtijw BZyw \S¶ \nbak`m



XncsªSp¸nÂ aÕcn¨v Bdp koäpIfnÂA©v koänepw F³.Un.]n Pbn¨p. 1977þÂ sI.`mkv¡c³\mbÀ, AcqÀ kpµtci³ \mbÀ,h«nbqÀ¡mhv chn, Nm¯¶qÀ X¦¸³]nÅ,Fw.]n.\mcmbW³\mbÀ F¶nhcmbncp¶p]mÀ«n t\Xm¡Ä.

1982þÂ sI.Pn.IÀ¯, Fkv. cmaN{µ³]nÅ,s I . ] n . c m a N { µ ³ \ m b À , t X d ¼ n ÂcmaIrjvW³ F¶nhÀ \nbak`m kmamPnIcmbn. 1987þÂ CSXv kÀ¡mÀ h¶t¸mgpwF³.Un.]nbv¡v \nbak`mwKXzw \ne\nÀ¯m³ Ignªp. Fw.]n.\mcmbW³\mbcpsS \ncymWs¯ XpSÀ¶v Xncph\´]pc¯v \S¶ D]XncsªSp¸nÂ ]«wIrjvW]nÅ, F³.Un.]n t\cnb hyXymk¯nemWv ]cmPbs¸«Xv. ]e ]n.Fkv.]nt\Xm¡fpw F³.Un.]nbnÂ tNÀ¶v{]hÀ¯n¨p. AtXmsS ]mÀ«n¡v IqSpXÂiànssIh¶p. InS§qÀ tKm]meIrjvW]nÅbpsS kzm[o\êambn F³. `mkv¡c³\mbÀ, BÀ. kpµtci³ \mbÀ, sI.Pn.BÀIÀ¯, sI.]n. cmaN{µ³\mbÀ F¶nhÀ¡va{ńØm\w e`n¡m³ CSbmbn.

XpSÀ¶v Dmb kw`hhnImk§ÄF³.Un.]nbpsS XIÀ¨bv¡v hgnsXfn¨p.F³.Un.]n \nbak`kamPnIÀ Xs¶bmbncp¶p AXn\v ImcWw. tIm¬{KÊv sFbnÂF³.Un.]n ebn¡Wsa¶pÅ tIm¬{KÊvXmÂ¸cyhpw AXn\v apJya{ń Hcp¡nbIfnIfpw F³.Un.]n.sb XIÀ¯p. sI.]n.cmaN{µ³\mbÀ HutZymKnI ]£¯pwtXd¼nÂ cmaIrjvW³ InS§qÀ ]£¯pambncp¶p.

F³.Fkv.Fkv P\dÂ sk{I«dn kn¦¸qÀssl¡½ojWdmbn t]mbt¸mÄ P\dÂsk{I«dn Øm\¯n\v ISp¯ aÕcw \S¶p.]n.sI. \mcmbW¸Wn¡À hnPbn¨p. 1983þ ÂFdWmIpf¯v tNÀ¶ F³.Un.]n. kt½f\wtXd¼nÂ cmaIrjvWs\ sNbÀam\mbnXncsªSp¯p. ]Wn¡cpsS XncsªSp¸pambn _Ôs¸«v F³.Un.]nbnepw tNcnXncnhpmbn. F³.Un.]n. \nÀÆmlIkaXnbnte¡v ]Wn¡À \nÀt±in¨ 7 AwK§sf tXd¼nÂ hn`mKw kzoIcn¨nÃ.F³.Un.]n. kt½f\w hnfn¨v Iq«m\pwtXd¼nÂ X¿mdmbnÃ. Cu kmlNcy¯nÂF³.Un.]n. {]hÀ¯IcpsS Hcp kt½f\wXncph\´]pcw KÌv luknÂ IqSn .Dt]{µ\mY¡pdp¸ns\ sNbÀam\pw sI.`mkv¡c³ \mbscbpw sImäntbm« v_meIrjvW]Wn¡tcbpw sshkv sNbÀam³amcpw Fkv. cmaN{µ³]nÅ, sI.Pn.BÀ IÀ¯F¶o Fw.FÂ.F amsc P\dÂsk{I«dnamcmbpw sI. \mcmbW³ \¼ymsc

sk{I«dnbpw ]n. tKmhnµ³Ip«n\mbscJPm³Pnbmbpw XncsªSp¯p.

]ckv¸c `n¶n¸pw F³.Un.]n Fw.FÂ.FamcpsS cv tNcnbmepw s]mXpP\§fpsS]cnlmk¯n\v hnt[bam¡n. CcpIq«cpwA]hmZ {]NmcW§Ä \S¯nbXv ]{X]wànbnepw hmÀ¯bmbn. F¦nepwF³.Un.]n. AWnIsf tIm¬{KÊnÂtNÀ¡m\pÅ KqV e£yw hnPbn¨nÃ. XpSÀ¶vF³.Un.]nbnÂ cv Xncnhpmbn. ]n.sI.\mcmbW¸Wn¡cpw, `mkv¡c³ \mbcpw,hn.Fkv. atlizc³]nÅbpw, a¶m\¯vcmaN{µ³]nÅbpw ]n. tKmhnµ³Ip«n \mbcpwHcp tNcnbnepw InS§qÀ, tXd¼nÂ t\XrXzw\ÂInb adptNcnbpw cq]w sImp.Ccp{Kq¸pIfpw ]ckv¸cw `n¶n¨p\n¶p.InS§qÀ aS§nh¶tXmsS tXd¼nensâØm\¯v At±lw sNbÀam\mbpÅF³.Un.]n cq]w sImp. Sn .sI.\mcmWb¸Wn¡cpsS t\XrXz¯nÂ asämcpF³.Un.]nbpw \nehnÂh¶p. \mbÀ kapZmb¯nse `qcn]£hpw ]Wn¡tcmsSm¸w \n¶p.AXv hopw iànbmÀÖn¨p. AhÀkm¼¯nI kwhcWw F¶ hmZw {]Ncn¸n¡m³ Po¸v PmY \S¯n. t{SbnUv bqWnb³cwK¯v F³.Un.]nbpsS sXmgnemfn LSIambUn.än.bp.kn IfÀtImUv \mcmbW³\mbcptSbpw BÀ.BÀ D®n¯mtâbpw t\XrXz¯nÂ \mbÀkapZmb¯nÂ Nne Ne\§ÄDm¡m\pw hnPbn¨p. InS§qÀ {Kq¸ vHäs¸SpIbpw {ItaW AkvXan¡pIbpwsNbvXp. 1987þ Â P\phcn 20 \vN§\mtÈcnbnÂ kt½fn v̈ F³.Un.]n. sNbÀam\mbn ]n.sI. \mcmbW¸Wn¡sc hopwXncsªSp¯p. km¼¯nI kwhcW e£ywkm[n¡m¯XpsImv F³.Un.]n¡vs]mXpP\kzm[o\w \jvSs¸SpIbmbncp¶p.1987þÂ A[nImc¯nÂhcp¶ kÀ¡mcns\s¡mv ]mhs¸« apt¶m¡¡mÀ¡v 15%kwhcWw \S¸m¡msa¶v ]dªv sI.IcpWmIc³ {]Xy£s¸«p. `cW¯nembncp¶ IcpWmIc³ hmKvZm\w hngp§pIbpwtNcnXncnªv Ieln¨ F³.Un.]nIsf`cW¯nÂ\n¶v AIäpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn\vapÉoweoKns\bmWv apJya{ń Iq«p]nSn¨Xv.1987þse XncsªSp¸nÂ êw IcpWmIc\vFXncmbn. \mbcpsS FXnÀ¸mbncp¶pImcWw. 1987þÂ F³.Un.]n¡v Hcp koävam{Xta e`n¨pÅp. `n¶n¸pw Imev hmcepwX½neSnbpw F³.Un.]n. a{ńamcnÂF³.Fkv.Fkv ISnªmWn«XpsaÃmw]mÀ«nsb AImearXyphn\v Ccbm¡n.

(XpScpw....)



\mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâ kÀÆhn[tcmK§fpw NnInÕn¨v t`Zam¡n kapZmb¯ns\c£n¨ cv `KhXv kzcq]§fmbncp¶pinh`Khmsâ a\pjymhXmcamb hnZym[ncmP]ca`«mc N«¼nkzmanIÄ F¶ tbmKoizc\pw{ioIrjvWsâ a\pjymhXmcamb IÀ½tbmKoizc\mb a¶¯v ]ß\m`\pw.\mb·mcpsS Nn´tbbpw _p²ntbbpw{]tNmZn¸n¨Xpw AhÀ¡v kmwkvImcnIB²ymßnI hfÀ¨bpw a\pjy\mbnhfcm\pÅ FÃm \thm°m\hpw k½m\n¨XvinhXpey\mb tbmKoizc\mb N«¼nkzmanIÄBbncp¶p. AXv DÄs¡mv kapZmbs¯IÀt½mÕpIam¡n ]cnjv¡cn¨Xv {ioIrjvWs\t¸mse a¶hpw Bbncp¶p. BßobXbpw`uXoIXbpw ChcneqsS \mbÀ kapZmbwka\zbn¨XmWv kapZmb¯nsâ DbÀs¯gpt¶Â¸n\v hgnsXfn¨Xv.

km¼¯nIambpw kmaqlnIambpw XIÀ¨bpsS s\Ãn¸Snbnte¡v Iq¸v Ip¯nbtIcf¯nse \mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâ `uXnIDbÀ¨bpsS c£I³ a¶ambncp¶psh¶vtIcfNcn{Xw ka{Kambn A]{K°n¨sshtZinI ]ÞnX·mÀ hnebncp¯nbn«pv.

\mbÀta[mhnXz¯nsâ ]X\w

(Decline of Nair dominance) F¶{]ikvXamb {KÙ¯nsâ cNbnXmhpwNcn{XImc\pamb tdm_n³ sP{^n CuhmZKXn AwKoIcn¨n«pv. cmP`cWIme¯vHcp L«¯nÂ A[nImc¯nsâ CS\mgnIfnÂcmPm¡·mcpsS P\a\À±t\m]IcWamb\mbÀ ]Sbmfn kapZmb¯n\v hocXzhpwiqcXzhpw cmPykvt\l¯hpw ]cnKWn¨v Nne{]mXn\n[yhpw ]cnKW\bpw e`n¨ncp¶p.C¶pw dn¸»nIv Zn\¯nÂ ssk\oIÀ¡pwt]meokn\pw cmPy¯nsâ IoÀ¯nap{Z

\mb·msc c£n¨]cainh\pw, {ioIrjvW\pw



\ÂIp¶ptÃm. AXncq£amb PmXnhyhØ \ne\n¶ncp¶Imew. XncphnXmwIqdnsebpw sIm¨nbnsebpw cmPm¡·mcpsSssIIfnÂ A[nImcw tI{µoIcn¡s¸«ncp¶p.ae_mÀ BIs« Cw¥ojv CuÌv CýmI¼\nbpsS t\cn«pÅ \nb{´W¯nepw{_mÒWÀ, £{XnbÀ F¶o DbÀ¶PmXn¡mcpsS khntij AhImi§Ä¡pwB\pIqey§Ä¡pw IW¡nÃmbncp¶p.sXm«pIqSmbvabpw Xon¡pSmbvabpw D¨ØmbnbnÂ. F¶mÂ, A\mNmc§fpsS A\kyqXamb Ips¯mgp¡nÂ iq{Z\mb \mbsc XcwXmgv¯n, {_ÒW, cmPmhmtI {]`pXz¯nsâ ImÂ\¡nIfm¡n taemfsc c£n¨pwtkhn¨pw IgnªpIqSnb shdpw Iqens¯mgnemfnIfmb A¶s¯ BÄ_eapÅ \mbÀkapZmb¯nsâ ASn¯d {ItaW CfIpIbmbncp¶p.

XmensI«v IeymWw, XncpIpfn XpS§nbAÀ²iq\yamb NS§pIÄ¡v [\w apS¡n\mbÀ apSnªp. ]c¼cmKXamb acpa¡¯mbk{¼Zmbw kapZmb¯n\pÅnÂXs¶AkwXr]vXn P\n¸n¡pIbpw KmÀlnIambA´xNn{Z§Ä aqÀ¨n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.ssiihhnhmlw _lp`mcyXzw _lp`À¯rXzw XpS§nb hnIe BNmc§fnÂsseKnwI kZmNmcw \jvSs¸«p. hnhmlk{¼Zmbw {_ÒWkw_Ôw sImvaen\oIcn¡s¸«p. Hcphi¯v ASnäÀ¯s¸«IpSnbm·\mÀ, `q]cnjv¡cW¯n\mbnapdhnfnIq«n. adphi¯v A[nImc tI{µ§fnte¡v Xangv {_mÒWcpsS IS¶pIbäw.\mb·mÀ¡v AhnsSbpw {]thi\w CÃmXmbn.A§s\ ]s¯m¼Xmw \qämnsâ Bcw`¯nÂXs¶ \mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâ ]X\¯n\vB¡w IqSn. km¼¯nIambpw kmaqlnIambpw ]n´Ås¸Sm\mbncp¶p \mbÀ]«mfw]ncn¨phnSs¸«tXmsS \mbcpsS AhØ.

Cu Ahkc¯nemWv kmaqlnI]cnjv¡cW{]Øm\§Ä iàn{]m]n¨Xv.N«¼nkzmanIfpw (1853 apXÂ 1924) injy{]apJ\mb {io\mcmbWKpcphpw (1856 apXÂ1928) tIcfob s]mXp PohnX¯nÂ h¼n¨]cnhÀ¯\w hcp¯nb cp almßm¡fmbncp¶p. cpt]cptSbpw {]hÀ¯\w ktµiw,ZÀi\w, FÃmw kam\hpw ]ckv̧ c ]qcIhpambncp¶p. F¶pÅXmWv tIcf \thm°m\

¯nsâ hnPbw. tIcfobcpsS Cc« ssZh§fmWv ChÀ. tIcf ]cnjv¡À¯mhmbN«¼nkzmanIÄ {_mÒWÀ¡v kÀÆ{]mamWyapmbncp¶ kmaqlnI hyhØnXnsbFXnÀ¯p. \mbÀþ Cugh þ ZfnXv Iq«mbvabv¡v]cn{ian¨p. AXphgn taemÄ, IogmÄhÀ¤oIcWw Ahkm\n¸n¨p. kaXzhpwkzmX{ýhpw t\Sm³ klmbn¨p. {]_eiànbmbncp¶ \mb·msc {_mÒWASna¯hpw Dt]£n¨v ]nt¶m¡ ZfnXvsFIy¯n\pw \thm°m\¯n\pw t\XrXzwsImSp¡m³ Np¡m³ ]nSn¨p. {io\mcmbWKpcphns\ CughIpe¯nte¡pw t_m[]qÀÆw]mIs¸Sp¯n Cugh kapZmb¯nte¡pw\oeIWvT XoÀ°tcbpw hmgqÀ ]calwktcbpw DbÀ¯nsbSp¯ \mbÀ ]cnjvIcW¯nte¡v \ntbmKn¨p. KrlkvX injy·msckZm\µ kzmantbbpw A¿¦mfn¡pw ZfnXvkaql¯n\pw hgnIm«m\pw \ntbmKn¨p. hmgqÀ]calwkcmWv a¶¯nsâ IÀ½k\ymk¯nse tNmXI Kpcphmbn hÀ¯n¨Xv. aävaXkaql§Ä¡pw kzmanIÄ AhcpsShfÀ¨bv¡v B[ymßnI shfn¨w \ÂInA\p{Kln¨p.

B²ymßnIhpw kmwkvImcnIhpambka{KtIcfob \thm°m\amWv N«¼nkzmanIfpsS kw`mh\. aäv \thm°m\ \mbIÀs¡Ãmw At±lw amÀ¤ZÀiI\pw Ipe]Xnbpambncp¶p. N«¼nkzmanIÄ aX]chpw,kmaqlnIhpamb D¶Xn¡v {io\mcmbWKpcphns\ kw`mh\ sNbvX hnZym[ncmPalmKpcphns\ {io\mcmbW Kpcphns\t¸mseXs¶ A¶s¯ Cugh kaqlw X§fpsSKpcphmbn«v Xs¶bmWv BZcn¨ncp¶Xv.N«¼nkzmanIfpsS Bib§sf CughkapZmb¯nÂ {]mtbmKnI Xe¯nte¡vF¯n¨Xv {io\mcmbW Kpcphpw \mbÀkapZmb¯nÂ a¶¯v ]ß\m`\pambncp¶p.Cu {]{InbbnÂ A\h[n Cugh \mbÀt\Xm¡Ä AhchcpsS kapZmb¯nÂhepXpw sNdpXpamb kw`mh\IÄ \ÂInbn«pÅXpw hnkvacn¡m³ BhnÃ.

ØntcmÕmlw, t\Xr]mShtijn, _p²nIqÀ½X F¶o khntij KpW§Ä a¶¯v]ß\m`s\ kapZmb t\Xr]Zhnbnse¯m³Gsd klmbn¨psh¶v \mbÀ ]X\Ncn{XwFgpXnb hntZi Ncn{XImc³ sP{^n



\nco£n¡p¶p. Xsâ IÀ½aÞ ¯nseBßmÀ°Xbpw kXykÔamb kao]\hpwa¶¯v ]ßm\`s\ hyXykvX \m¡n.

tKm]meIrjvW tKmJebpsS "kÀhmâkvHm^v Cýmskmsskän' bpsS amXrIbnembncp¶p. 1914þ Â F³.Fkv.Fkv.kwLSn¸n¨Xv \mbÀ `rXyP\kwLw F¶t]cpamän F³.Fkv.Fkv F¶v \nÀt±in¨XvsI. ]cap]nÅ Fw.F F¶ BZcWob\mbhnZym`ymk hnP£W\mbncp¶p. PmXnhyXymkw CÃmXm¡pI, XmensI«v IeymWw,XncpIpfn, XpS§nb PoÀWmNmc§ÄAhkm\n¸n¡pI Iq«pIpSpw_¯ntâbpwacpa¡¯mb¯ntâbpw tZmj§fnÂ\n¶vkapZmbs¯ tamNn¸n¡pI ]e BNmc§fpw]¯v Znhkt¯¡v Npcp¡pI. ip{`Øm\wshSnbpI XpS§n A\h[n ]cnjv¡cW§Ä¡v a¶w t\XrXzw \ÂIn. Bbnt¯m¨mS\w, kÀÆkapZmb kulrZw XpS§nHt«sd taJeIfnepw a¶hpw At±l¯nsâkwLS\bpw {]hÀ¯\w ImgvNsh¨p.

1908þ Â \¼qXncn kapZmb¯nseA\mNmc§Äs¡Xnsc cwKs¯¯nbtbmKt£a k`bpambpw, {io\mcmbWKpcphnsâ t\XrXz¯nepÅ Fkv.F³.Un.]nbpambpw kmaqlnI ]cnjv¡cWcwK¯vklIcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡m\pÅ kaNn¯X\ndª kao]\w a¶w, \mb·mÀ¡p \ÂIn.CXv At±l¯nsâ ZoÀLho£Whpw,Ncn{X]camb DÄ¡mgvNbpw N«¼nkzmanIfpsS BZÀit¯mSpÅ B`napJyhpamWvshfnhm¡p¶sX¶v sP{^n A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

Iq«pIpSpw_ hyhØnXn \nÀ¯em¡p¶Xn\mbn XncphnXmwIqdnÂ \mbÀ kwLS\IÄXncphnXmwIqdnÂ Bcw`n¨ {]Øm\wtIcf¯nsâ kmaqlnI Ncn{X¯nse\mgnI¡ÃmsW¶v \u¼näÀ, "I½yqWnÌpC³ tIcf' F¶ Xsâ hnJymX {KÙ¯nÂ{]kvXmhn¡p¶p. kapZmb¯nse FÃm]ptcmKa\ Nn´mKXn¡mcpw Cu ]cnjv¡mcs¯ ]n´pW¨ncp¶p. CXnsâ ̂ eambn 1912Â \nehnÂh¶ \mbÀ BIvSv, kapZmb¯nseFÃmhtcbpw ]qÀ®ambn Xr]vXns¸Sp¯nbnÃ.1925 Â ]mÊm¡nb cmw \¼À \mbÀ BÎvCu IpdhpIÄ ]cnlcn¨pw k¼¯nÂBtfmlcn hyhØ sN¿pIbpw, acpa¡Ä¡vamXpe·mcpsS kz¯nepmbncp¶ AhImiw

\ntÈjw CÃmXmhpIbpw sNbvXp. _lp`mcymXzw \nbahncp²ambn. CtX \nba§ÄDÄs¡mÅp¶ Cugh BÎpw (1925), \m©n\mSvshÅmf BÎpw (1926) ]pds¸Sphn¡m³ \mbÀ{]t£m`Ww t{]cWbmbn `hn¨p.

kzmX{ýe_v[n¡ptijw a¶w tIcfcmjv{Sob¯nse KXnhnKXnIÄ \nÀ®bn¡p¶XnÂ {]apJ ]¦phln¨Xmbn \uknäÀFSp¯v ]dbp¶p. 1959 se hntamN\kac¯nsâ \mbI Øm\¯neqsS I½yqWnÌpImcpsS I®nse IcSmbn a¶w amdnsb¦nepw ]n¶oSv I½yqWnÌpImÀ Xs¶ Btaml¯nsâ t\XrKpW§fnÂ BIrjvScmbXmbn \uknäÀ hnhcn¡p¶p. hntamN\kac¯nsâ ̀ mKambn BsI 15 t]À t]meokvshSnhbv¸nÂ acWs¸«p. IepjnXamb Bkacw I½yqWnÌv a{ńk`bpsS IS ]pg¡n.

]n¶oSv tIcf¯nse cmjv{Sob cwK¯pkapZmb kwLS\IÄ AhKWn¡m\mhm¯LSIambn¯oÀ¶p. kapZmb ]cnjv¡cWwBfpw AÀ°hpw th Hcp XpSÀ{]{InbbmbXn\mÂ ]n³_eambn cmjv{Sobkzm[o\hpw \ymbamb CSs]SepIfpwtIcf¯nÂ Hcn¡epw Hgnhm¡m\mhnsÃ¶va¶¯p ]ß\m`sâ {]mtbmKnI _p²nap³Iq«n¡p. ]nÂ¡me¯v \mbÀ kwLS\kPohambn cmjv{SobcwK¯v CSs]«XvCXpaqeamImsa¶v Ncn{XImc·mÀ \nco£n¡p¶p.

Hcp cmjv{Sob I£nbpm¡n, IptdkoäpIÄ tXSn, A[nImcw t\Smsat¶m,apJya{ńbmImsat¶m DÅ tamlw a¶¯n\vHcn¡epw Dmbncp¶nÃ. AXn\pÅAhkc§Ä Dmbncps¶¦nepw, DuWnepwDd¡¯nepw \mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâ ]ptcmKXnkz]v\w I At±lw Hcn¡epw A\ykapZmb§sf hnebnSn¨p ImWn¡mt\m,XIÀ¨bv¡mtbm {]hÀ¯n¨n«nsÃ¶pw{]tXyIw {i²bmÀÖn¡p¶Xmbn \uknäÀhnebncp¯p¶p. Hcp ]t£ Cýbntem,temI¯v asähnsSsb¦neptam ZÀin¡m\mhm¯ Xc¯nepÅ {]Xn`mkamWnXv .AXpXs¶bmbncp¶p a¶¯p ]ß\m`sâhnPb¯n\p ]n¶nse clkyhpw.



KwKm\ZnbpsS Xoc¯neoizc³Kucnsb¨nń¨p X]Êncp¶p.

{]]©w cmK{]]©w apgph\pw DÅnsemXp¡n]ctaizc³ ]p X]Êncp¶p....

hncl¯obpsS NqSnÂ XncpapSnPSbnse aªpcpIp¶p þ _mjv]XcwKnWnbmsbmgpIp¶p.....

PSbnÂ XncphpSenemsI]m¼pIÄ amfsamcp¡p¶p]dhIÄ IqSv Nabv¡p¶p.....

Nn´bneán¨dIp Ipcp¯ps\änbnsemcp Xo¡®papf¨p....

Hcp\mfneoizcn{]Xy£bmbt¸mÄ]pclc\ánt\{Xw Xpd¶pt]mbnAdnbmsX Xoag sNmcnªpt]mbnAXpIptZhn t]SnÏ¶pt]mbn....

Kpcp`qX ]ca`«mNmcy hN\aXpXncp\ma a{ámbpcphnSpI \mwIcXfncearXag sNmcnbps¶mcoizcIr]bcpfpsa¶pao PohnX¯nÂ

\n\hnsemcp \nanjsamt¶mÀ¡pInÂ Kpcp\mY-þv\\p\nanja`bacpfp¶p, \½nÂI\IaWnt]mte hnf§p¶NcW§þf\e¼ PohnX¯¯ztaIpw

sshcw shSnªp \msamcpan¨p tNcphmþ\pbncpw shSnª§p hn{ipX\mbv[cbnÂ¸nd¶ kw]qPy ]mZ§sfþsbmcpan¨p tNÀ¶p \akvIcn¡mw

kIeXnepao KpcpkzÀi samt¶Â¡pInÂkÀssÆizcy§fpw h¶ptNcpwkKpW k¼À¡aXp \nXyambv ̄ ocphm³kXyKpcp khn[¯nse¯nSpI \mw.

IhnX IÃnbqÀ a[p

]pclc³

IhnX

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ImebfhnÂ (11.07.1977) \mbÀ, {_mÒW,\¼qXncn kapZmb§Ä ]nt¶m¡w\nÂ¡pIbmsW¶pw, {]bmks¸SpIbmsW¶pw \nthZ\§fneqsS Adnbphm³ Ignªn«pÅXmbn \nbak`bnÂ ]dbpIam{XaÃs\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v Aimkv{Xobhpw\nIv]£asÃ¶papÅ Bt£]§fpw ØnXoIcn¨n«pv. I½oj³ AwK§fnÂ 6þÂ 5t]cpw kwhcW¯nsâ D]t`màm¡fmsW¶pw apt¶m¡þ]nt¶m¡ kapZmb§Ä¡vXpey{]m[\yapÅ Hcp I½ojs\ ]pXpXmbn\nban¡Wsa¶pw sI. cho{µ³ \mbÀFw.FÂ.F Bhiys¸«psh¦nepw AXn³taÂ\nthZ\§Ä In«nbn«ps¶ÃmsX Xocpam\wFSp¯n«nsÃ¶v A.K BâWn adp]Sn ]dbpIbpmbn. XpSÀ¶v \nehnse ]nt¶m¡hn`mK¯nÂ DÄs¸«hÀ¡v Ipd¨pImew IqSnkwhcWw \ÂIWsa¶mWv B{Klsa¶pwapt¶m¡ kapZmb¯nse hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v(hnZym`ymkw) B\pIqeyw (km¼¯nIkwhcWw) \ÂIpsa¶pw ]dªp. \o]¯phÀjamb s\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«vkPoh]cnKW\bnemsW¶v (Xocpam\anÃ)]dªv Hgnªpsh¦nepw, {]Xn]£t\Xmhnsâ (C.Fw.Fkv) cmjv{Sob]camb Btcm]W¯n³taÂ þ s\«qÀ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«vhnhmZ]camsW¶pw cmPys¯ kapZmb§ÄX½nÂ kmapZmbnI hnImcw Bfn¡¯n¡m³CSbpÅXmsW¶pw cmPys¯ _m[n¡psa¶pw At±lw Xpd¶p ]dbpIbpmbn.

DtZymK \nba\¯n³taepÅ kwhcW¯nsâ Imcy¯nÂ Hmtcm kapZmb¯n\pw{]mXn\n[yw e`n¨n«ptmsb¶v ImemIme§fnÂ ]p\chtemI\w sN¿Wsa¶ (H.]n.\¼Àþ 2860/1964, 31.01.1967 sslt¡mSXn hn[n \ymbw)sslt¡mSXnbpsS ]cmaÀis¯ XpSÀ¶mWv1970 þ Â ZmtamZc³ s\«qÀ I½oj \mbn\nban¨Xv . {]kvXpX dnt¸mÀ«n³taÂXocpam\apmIm¯Xv XXz¯nÂ sslt¡mSXn hn[n ewL\ambn.

]nt¶m¡ hn`mK§sf¡pdn¨v 1987 ÂkÀ¡mcn\v kaÀ¸n¨ \mcmbW¸nÅI½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«pw \S¸nemImsX t]mIpIbmbncp¶p. CXv ]n¶oS v \jvSamsb¶hnhcamWv 27.11.2010 Â ]pd¯p h¶Xv (\¼À24445/f2/10) AXns\¡pdn¨v At\zjWwDmbnÃ.

1992 Â km¼¯nI kwhcWw `cWLS\hncp²sa¶v kp{]owtImSXn hn[n¡pIbpmbn. (W.P(C) N.O. 930/1990 - 16.11.1992) SC/

ST AÃm¯ aäp ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK§sf(hn`mKw F¶Xv PmXn BImw) Is¯p¶Xn\v kwØm\ Xe¯nÂ ]nt¶m¡hn`mKI½oj\pIÄ cq]oIcn¡Wsa¶pw]nt¶m¡ hn`mK§sf ]p\À{IaoIcn¡Wsa¶pw D¯chpmbn. AtXmsSm¸w]nt¶m¡ hn`mK¯nse taÂ¯«pImsc({InaosebÀ) Is¯Wsa¶pw Bhiys¸«p.

F¶mÂ {]kvXpX D¯chns\ AhKWn¡pIbmsW¶v tIcfkwØm\ kÀ¡mÀsNbvXXv. ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK§fnÂ {InaosebÀCsÃ¶pw (taÂ¯«pImÀ) {]kvXpX tImSXnD¯chv kwhcWhyhØsb XIÀ¡p¶XmsW¶pw Kh¬saâpw {]Xn]£hpw ]eAwK§fpw \nbak`¡I¯pw ]pd¯pwHcpt]mse A`n{]mbs¸SpIbpmbn.

kp{]owtImSXn D¯chv {]ImcwkwØm\¯v \nehnÂ h¶ ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK¡½oj³, sNbÀam³ PÌnkv Fkv.sI. JmZÀ1996 Â kmaqly]nt¶m¡ AhØpsSASnØm\¯nÂ kwhcW¯n\v AÀlXbpÅ hn`mK§fpsS (PmXnþkapZmb§Ä)]«nIbnÂ GsX¦nepw hn`mKs¯ DÄs¸Sp¯p¶Xnt\m Hgnhm¡p¶Xnt\m B\pImenIIW¡pIÄ e`yasÃ¶pw IWs¡Sp¡phm³\S]SnIsfSp¡Wsa¶v kÀ¡mcnt\mS vBhiys¸«psh¦nepw sNhn sImnÃ.

Kh¬saâ v {IoansebÀ (1992þ sehn[n\ymbw) Xn«s¸Sp¯n \ÂIm¯Xn\mÂ4.11.1996 Â kp{]owtImSXn D¯chv {]Imcwsslt¡mSXn Xs¶ PÌnkv tPmk^vI½ojs\ \nban¡pIbpmbn. I½oj³Bhiys¸«n«pw kÀ¡mÀ hyàamb adp]SnbYmkabw \ÂInbnÃ. XpSÀ¶v I½oj³th IW¡pIÄ X¿mdm¡pIbpw sNbvXp.1995 se \nbaw Akm[phm¡nbpw PÌnkvtPmk^v I½oj³ Is¯nb \nKa\§sfAwKoIcn¨psImpw 13.12.1999 Â hn[n h¶p.tImSXn \nban¡pIbpw AwKoIcn¡pIbpwsNbvX B "]cn[n'sb XÅn IfªpsImvkÀ¡mÀ sI.sI. \tc{µ³ I½ojs\{IoansebÀ ]cn[n \nÝbn¨p In«p¶Xnte¡vXpSÀ¶v \nabn¨p. tImSXn \nban¨ tPmk^vI½oj³ {InaosebÀ "]cn[n' \nÝbn¨XvBimkv{Xobambpw ^e¯nÂ kwhcWs¯CÃmXm¡p¶Xpw F¶Xmbncp¶p Btcm]Whpw hnebncp¯epw.

31.03.2000 Â Kh¬saâ v \nbak`bnÂ HcpD]t£]w AhXcn¸n¨p, "þkwØm\¯v]nt¶m¡ kapZmb§Ä¡pÅ kwhcWw\jvSs¸SmXncn¡p¶Xn\pw apt¶m¡ kapZmb¯nÂs¸« ]mh§Ä¡v P\dÂ tIm«bnÂ



\n¶pw ]¯v iXam\w kwhcWm\pIqey§Ä(km¼¯nI kwhcWw) e`n¡p¶Xn\v`cWLS\ t`ZKXn sN¿p¶Xn\v tI{µKh¬saânt\mSv Bhiys¸Sp¶' Xmbncp¶pCXv. XpSÀ NÀ¨bnÂ tImSXn Bhiys¸«{IoansebÀ ]cn[nsb shÃphnfn¨pw `cWLS\m hncp²amb km¼¯nI kwhcWs¯A\pIqen¨pw A`n{]mb§Ä Dmbn.

kwØm\¯v {InaosebÀ CsÃ¶pw]nt¶m¡ hn`mK¯nepÄs¸« PmXn kapZmb§fnÂ F{X tImSoizc³amÀ Ds¦nepwkwhcWw \ÂIWsa¶pw A`n{]mbwDmbn. {IoansebÀ CsÃ¶v ]dbpIbpwtPmk v̂ I½oj³ Xn«s¸Sp¯nb 1.5 Â\n¶pw3.6 te¡v ]cn[n DbÀ¯Wsa¶pw \tc{µ³I½oj³ ap¼msI A`n{]mbs¸«Xv hntcm[m`mkambn. Cu \S]SnIÄ tImSXn "X«p'sa¶pwP\h©\bmWv \S¯p¶sX¶pw ]©mb¯vsXcsªSp¸v ap¶nÂIp P\§sf ]än¡phm\mWv \nbaw Dm¡p¶sX¶pw \nbak`bnÂ Btcm]Wapmbn«pv.

tIcf \nbak`bnÂ DbÀ¶ (17.07.1978Â)kÀ¡mÀ PmXnIsf apt¶m¡sat¶m]nt¶m¡sat¶m XcwXncn¨n«ptm F¶tNmZy¯n\v a{ń ]n.sI. hmkptZh³ \mbÀ\ÂIp¶ adp]Sn B\pImenI {]ikvXnbpÅXmWv. kÀ¡mÀ kÀÆoknÂ aXnbmb{]mXn\n[yw e`n¨n«nsÃ¶p Kh¬saân\vt_m[yapÅ kapZmb§sf (GXv PmXnþkapZmbhpw BImw) `cWLS\bnse]Xn\mdmw N«w \memw D]N«w A\pkcn¨vDtZymK \nba\¯nÂ kwhcWm\pIqeyw\ÂIp¶Xn\mWv ]nt¶m¡ kapZmbambn{]Jym]n¡p¶sX¶pw, FÃm kapZmb§fnepwAhiXb\p`hn¡p¶hÀ Ds¶v kÀ¡mcn\vAdnbmsa¶pw apt¶m¡sa¶p ]dbp¶P\hn`mK¯n\v XIÀ¨bpmbn«ps¶pwAXv ]camÀ°amsW¶pw Xpd¶p ]dbp¶p.

11.08.1945 Â sIm¨n³ \nbakÌu¬knenÂ tNmZy¯n\v adp]Snbmbn \¼qXncnkapZmbw hnZym`ymk]cambn ]nt¶m¡wBsW¶v kÀ¡mÀ AwKoIcn¨n«ps¶v_n.hn.sI. tat\m³ ]dbp¶pv. heyDtZymK§fnÂ \nba\§Ä \ÂIp¶Xv,Imcy£aXbpw (hnZym`ymkw) ko\ntbmdnänbpw ]cnKWn¡p¶sX¶pw XpSÀ¶v At±lw]dbp¶pv. CXnÂ \n¶pw kÀ¡mÀ Xe¯nÂtaÂ¸dbp¶ kapZmb¯n\v {]tXyI ]cnKW\ \ÂInbncp¶nsÃ¶v am{XaÃ hnZym`ymk]camb ]nt¶m¡ AhØImcWw DbÀ¶DtZymKXe¯nÂ XSbs¸«psh¶v hyàambpwa\Ênem¡mhp¶XmWv.

C.Fw.Fkv kÀ¡mÀ Xncp sIm¨n þae_mÀ {]tZi§fnse ]nt¶m¡¡mcpsSiXam\kwJy {]Xn]mXn¡p¶ Ahkc¯nÂ, 1921 se sk³kkv A\pkcn¨mWv,AXnÂ ]nt¶m¡¡mcpsS iXam\kwJy ......BWv. \mb³amÀ, kpdnbm\n {InkvXym\nIÄ,{_mÒWÀ Chsc Hgn¨pÅ IW¡mWnXv.(AÃmsX apt¶m¡w F¶p ap{Z Ip¯p¶nÃ)\nba\ Imcy¯nÂ, Hcp kapZmbhpw]nt¶m¡amIm³ ]mSnÃm¯XmWv. F¶vsdkeyqj\nÂ At±lw FSp¯p ]dbp¶p.Ipä§fpw IpdhpIfpapÅ kapZmb§Ä¡v,apt¶dnbn«pÅ kapZmb§tfmsSm¸wapt¶dphm\pÅ ]cnXØnXn krjvSn¡m\pamWv \mw DÂkmlnt¡Xv. kÀÆokvN«§fnÂ hyXnbm\w hcp¯n Un¸mÀ«psaânsâ ta[mhnIÄ [mcmfw \nba\§Ä\S¯nbXv XpSccpXv F¶pw ]dbp¶p.

sIm¨n³ \nbak` Awk»n sa¼À(13.08.1932 Â) sI.Fw.F{_mlnw s]mXp{]hÀ¯IÀ ]men¨ncnt¡ s]mXp XXz¯nte¡vhncÂ Nqn, s]mXp {]hÀ¯I³ \nbak`bnÂ Xsâ aÞe¯nse bmYmØnIcpsS OmbmNn{X§Ä BIcpsX¶pw adn¨D¶X§fmb BZÀi§sf kzoIcn¡pIbpwAhsc¡qSn (P\¯ns\) DÄs¸Sp¯n lrZbip²nbpÅhcm¡n XoÀ¯v \bn¨p sImpt]mtIXmsW¶v HmÀ½s¸Sp¯p¶p.

]nt¶m¡ kapZmb§sf¡pdn¨v Hcp \nbaw]mÊm¡p¶Xn\v \nbak`bnse AhXcWthfbnÂ (10.12.1949 Â) AwKw B\n tPmk^vA`n{]mbs¸Sp¶Xv P\m[n]Xy`cW kwhn[m\¯nemWv Gähpw IqSpXÂ kzP\]£]mXw \ne\nÂ¡p¶Xmbn hnfn t¨mXp¶Xv.F.sP. tPm¬ {InkvXym\v a{ńbmbXvsImv F\nt¡m Fs¶ kw_Ôn¨pÅhÀt¡m KpWanÃmsb¶pw AXpt]msekapZmb¯n\v KpWansÃ¶pw At±l¯nsâ_Ôp¡Äs¡ KpWw e`n¡psh¶pw]dbp¶Xv. XpSÀthfbnÂ \nbak` koäpIÄt\Sp¶Xv sImtm a{ńØm\w DÅXvsImtm HcmÄ {]Xn\nXoIcn¡p¶ kapZmb¯n\v ta³asbm¶pw DmIp¶nsÃ¶A¡m½sNdnbmsâ hm¡pIÄ C¶pw{]ikvXnbpÅXmWv.

s{]m^kÀ F.hn. Xmacm£³(BÀ.Fkv.]n) {Ioansebdpambn _Ôs¸«v\nbak`bnse NÀ¨bnÂ kwhcWw temIapÅnSt¯mfw \ne\nÀt¯XnsÃ¶pwGsX¦nepw kapZmb¯n\v AÀlamb {]mXn\n[yw In«nIgnsª¶v Hcp ]T\¯nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂ t_m[ys¸«mÂ B kapZmbs¯



]qÀ®ambpw amäWsa¶v A`n{]mbs¸«p.D]t£] kab¯v "tI{µt¯mSv Bhiy

s¸SmsX tIcf Akw»nbnÂ h¨v ]mkm¡nIqsSsb¶ {]Xn]£ AwKambncp¶ Ipªmen¡p«n Kh¬saâ nt\mSv Bhiys¸«Xn\vadp]Snbmbn, 1995þ Â \n§Ä Dm¡nb\nbaw tImSXn XÅnbntÃ; F¶pw hnhcwCsÃsb¶pw C.sI. \mb\mÀ tNmZycqt]Wadp]Sn ]dªn«pÅXmWv. ChscÃmw tImSXnD¯chpIfpw \nba§fpw a\x]qÀÆw ad¡pIbmtWmsb¶v kwibnt¡nbncn¡p¶p.

{InaosebÀ _Ôs¸« D]t£]¯nÂ]©mb¯v sXcsªSp¸v ap¶nÂ Iv thm«vX{ámsW¶pw BßmÀ°bnsÃ¶pw HcpAwKw Btcm]Ww D¶bn¡pIbpmbn.{]kvXpX {IoansebÀ tIknÂ ]Xn\mdvXhW kp{]owtImSXnbnÂ Ah[n¡pamäpIbmbncp¶p.

kwhcWw amäm\pÅ Imew h¶n«ps¦nÂkÀtÆbneqsS amäWsa¶pw, apJya{ńAhXcn¸n¨ncn¡p¶ {]tabw ]än¡Â{]tabsa¶v Hcp \nbakÀwKw ]dªXv{i²n¡s¸tSXmWv.

1995 Â kwhcW¯nÂ {IoansebÀDÄs¸Sp¯m³ ]mSnÃsb¶ XXz¯nÂkwhcWkwc£W \nbaw bp.Un.F^vkÀ¡mÀ ]mÊm¡n. apt¶m¡ kapZmb§Ä¡v]¯v iXam\w DtZymKkwhcWhpw ]nt¶m¡kapZmb¯nÂ {IoansebÀ CÃ F¶Xpambncp¶p Xocpam\§Ä. 1996 se sXcsªSp¸v am\ns^tÌmbnÂ aX\yq\]£§Ä¡ve`n¨psImncp¶ kwhcWm\pIqeyw \ntj[n¡mXncn¡m³ F¶v hyàam¡n Ce£s\t\cnSpIbpw sNbvXp. F¶mÂ 1999 Unkw_À13 se hn[ntbmSp IqSn Cu \nbawAkm[phm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 1992 Â kp{]owtImSXn hn[nb\pkcn¨v \S]Sn sImÅm¯XnÂ tImSXn Xs¶ \nban¨ PÌnkv tPmk^vI½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v hyhØIÄ \S¸nem¡m³D¯chnSpIbmbncp¶p.

kaql¯nsâ FÃm XpdIfnepw DÅhcpsSkÀÆtXmßplamb D¶a\amWv Kh¬saânsâ e£yw. AXn\mÂ {]tXyIambn HcptImÀ¸tdjsâ cq]oIcnt¡ BhiyansÃ¶v (17.07.1978) \nbak`bnÂ a{ń ]n.sI.hmkptZh³\mbÀ ]dbpIbpmbn. apt¶m¡F¶p ]dbp¶hÀ¡v XIÀ¨bpmbn«pv.FÃm kapZmb§fnepw AhiX A\p`hn¡p¶hcps¶v Kh¬saâ n\v Adnbmw.kmaqlnI AhiXIÄ IW¡nseSp¯vkwhcWhyhØIÄ GÀs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅXv.DtZymK þ hnZym`ymk taJebnÂ kwhcWw

e`n¡p¶Xn\mWv ]nt¶m¡ kapZmbambn{]Jym]n¡p¶Xv., km¼¯nI kwhcWwBhiys¸«hcpsS hmZKXnIsf `cWLS\HmÀ½s¸Sp¯n At±lw XÅn¡fbpIbpmbn.

apt¶m¡ kapZmb§fpsS hnja ØnXn]cnKan¡Wsa¶v tem\¸³ \¼mS³ F.sI.BâWn apJya{ńbmbncp¶ ImebfhnÂ(01.07.1977) Bhiys¸«n«pv . tPmk^vI½ojs\ ({IoansebÀ) \nban¨Xv sslt¡mSXnbmbncp¶p. kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ ]mkm¡nbncp¶ kwhcWkwc£W \nbaw d± vsNbvXpsImv kp{]owtImSXn hn[n 13.12.1999emWv h¶Xv. AtXmsSm¸w tPmk v̂ I½oj³dnt¸mÀ« v tImSXn AwKoIcn¨psImvD¯chmIpIbpw sNbvXp. kwØm\kÀ¡mcnsâ {InaosebÀ CsÃ¶ hmZ§fpwê¯nÂ, kp{]owtImSXn D¯chns\XnscbmbpÅ \nba\nÀ½m W§fpw\nÊlcW kz`mh§fpw tImSXn XÅnIfªpsh¦nepw hopw {IoansebÀ CÃmsXkwhcWw \ÂIWsa¶v \nÀt±in¡p¶]pXnb \nbaw Dm¡m\pw AXv `cWLS\bpsS ap¸Xmw]«nIbnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯p¶Xn\v tI{µ kÀ¡mcnt\mSv Bhiys¸«XpsImv Hcp {]tabw Akw»nbpsS AwKoImct¯msS Ab¨psImSp¡phm\mWv A¶vapJya{ńbmbncp¶ C.sI. \mb\mÀDt±in¨Xv. `cWLS\ hncp²amb aX\yq\]£§Ä¡pÅ kwhcWw FgpXn tNÀ¡pIbpw sNbvXp.

PmXn Xncn¨p enÌv {]kn²oIcn¡Wsa¶Bhiy¯n³taÂ, tIcf ]nt¶m¡ hn`mKI½oj³ 31.12.96 hscbpÅ enÌv tiJcn¨n«ps¶pw CXn\p ]pdta Cu hnjbw ]Tn¨vBdpamk¯n\Iw dnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡p¶Xn\vdn«. PÌnkv sI.sI. \tc{µ³ I½oj\mbn\nban¨n«ps¶pw 20.03.2000 Â apJya{ńC.sI. \mb\mÀ ]dbpIbpmbn.

GImwK I½ojs\ \nban¨Xv, kp{]owtImSXn hn[nbpsS shfn¨¯nÂ \nehnse]nt¶m¡kapZmb§fnÂs¸«hÀ¡v ]cnc£]camh[n \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xn\v F´p am\ZÞ§Ä kzoIcn¡Wsa¶p ip]mÀis¸Sp¯p¶Xn\mbncp¶p. tSmwkv Hm^vd^d³knÂ AXmWv ]dbp¶Xv.

DtZymK{]mXn\n[yw F§ns\sb¶v ]Tn¨pdnt¸mÀ«v kaÀ¸n¡m³ dn«. PÌnkv sI.sI.\tc{µ³ sNbÀam\mbpÅ aq¶v AwKI½ojs\bpw XpSÀ¶v \nban¨p.

XncphnXmwIqÀ {_mÒW kapZmb§ÄDtZymKZm\ hnjb¯nÂ ]nt¶m¡w



\nÂ¡p¶hcmsW¶v ]cmXn Dmbn«pv.Kh¬saâ v No^v sk{I«dn sI. tPmÀÖvhnjbw ØnXoIcn¡pIbpmbn. AXphtc¡pw KWn¨p h¶n«nsÃ¶mWv At±lw]dªXv. bqWnthgvknän Un{Kn k¼mZn¨n«pÅhÀ¡v Dmsb¶pw At\zjn¨n«nÃm¯Xn\mÂ AdnbnsÃ¶pw ]dbp¶p.A¡mebfhpIfnepw cmPy¯nÂ taÂ{_mÒW kapZmb§fpw AhKW\bnembncp¶p. hnZym`ymk¯nepw \nba\§fnepwhfsc ]nt¶m¡¯nepw (kÀ¡peÀ R.O.C No.113 of 24 / ÌmÌnIvkv, 14.07.1924)

XncphnXmwIqÀ X\n¨ncp¶ Ime¯pwXncphnXmwIqÀ þ sIm¨n Bbncp¶t¸mgpwkapZmbImcy§Ä C¶s¯ \nebnÂhmZhnjbambn \nbak`bnÂ h¶n«nsÃ¶pwUn.H. _mh (tÌäv tIm¬{KÊv t\Xmhv)]dªn«pv.

22.02.1972 Â s\«qÀI½ojs\¸än, hfsck¦oÀ®hpw hnhmZ]chpamb {]iv\wsImmWv dnt¸mÀ«v \S¸nem¡m³ IgnbmsXh¶sX¶mWv \nbak`bnÂ apJya{ń kn.A¨pXtat\m³ ]dªXv. kXykÔXbpwBßmÀ°XbpapÅ dnt¸mÀ«mbncp¶p AsX¶vXpSÀ¶v At±lw ]dªp. I½oj\nÂ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK¯nÂs¸« BfpIÄ am{XtabpÅqsh¶pw Xsâ Imcy¯nÂ Xm³ Xs¶PUvPn Bbncn¡pI F¶Xv ASnØm\]cambnicnbsÃ¶pw FÃmhÀ¡pw {]mXn\n[yapÅI½oj\mbncn¡Ww DmtIsX¶pwsI.Fw. tPmÀÖv apJya{ńtbmSv ]dbpIbpmbn. kn. ANypXtat\m³ BZywI½oj\nÂ AwKambncn¡pIbpw cmPyk`bnÂ sXcsªSp¡s¸«Xn\mÂ Øm\wcmPnhbv¡pIbmbncp¶p.

1 .3 . 1976 Â s\«qÀ I½oj³dnt¸mÀ«ns\¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§fnÂ{]kvXpX dnt¸mÀ«nÂ {]Imcw AńaXocpam\§sfm¶pw FSp¯n«nsÃ¶pw NnekapZmb kwLS\IÄ dnt¸mÀ« v XÅnIfbp¶Xn\pw ]pXnb I½ojs\ \nban¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸«ncn¡bmsW¶pw ]dªp.]nt¶m¡ kapZmb¯nse k¼¶À¡vB\pIqeyw \ÂtIXnsÃ¶v dnt¸mÀ«nÂ\nKa\apmbncp¶p. tIcf¯nse cmjv{Sobþ kmaqlyþ kmapZmbnI kmlNcyamWvXocpam\saSp¡m³ kÀ¡mcn\p Ignbm¯Xnsâ {][m\ImcWambn At±lwNqn¡m«p¶Xv. B\pIqey§Ä IqSpXÂthWsa¶pÅ kapZmb§Ä dnt¸mÀ« vthK¯nÂ \S¸nem¡phm³ Bhiys¸SpIbmsW¶pw aäpNne kapZmb§Ä iXam\

¡W¡v Iq«phm³ ]dbpIbmsW¶pwXpS§nb {]t£m`§Ä \S¯pIbmsW¶pwAXpsImv dnt¸mÀ« v \mfnXphtc¡pwImeXmakw h¶sX¶pw kqNn¸n¡p¶p.

1932þ Â BWv ka{Kamb tkmjyÂ kÀtÆ\S¯nbn«pÅXv FÃm kapZmb§tfbpw]nt¶m¡ ]«nIbnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯n kÀ¡mÀDtZymK§fnepw \nbak`bnepw P\kwJym\p]mXnIambn kwhcWhpw, hnZym`ymk þkm¼¯nI B\pIqey§fpw kwc£WhpwA\phZn¨ncp¶p. 1958þ Â kÀ¡mÀ bmsXmcpImcWhpw IqSmsX \mbÀ, {_mÒW, £{Xnb,A¼ehmkn kapZmb§sf `cWLS\hncp²ambn ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK§Ä¡mbpÅ]«nIbnÂ\n¶pw \o¡w sNbvXp. Sn kapZmb§fpsS kmaqly ]nt¶m¡mhØ]cnlcn¡s¸SmsXbmWv ]«nIbnÂ\n¶v\o¡w sNbvXn«pÅXv. XpSÀ¶v kÀ¡mÀ sImvh¶ tZhkzw _nÃpIfpw `q]cnjvIcW\nba§fpw \mbÀ, {_mÒW, £{Xnb,A¼ehmkn kapZmb§sf e£yw h¨pÅkmaqlyambpw, hnZym`ymk]cambpw,km¼¯nI]cambpw Gähpw ]nt¶m¡am¡nbsshcmKy_p²ntbmSpÅ \nba§fmbncp¶pF¶Xn\v sXfnhpIfpv. {]PmXmXv]cywJÞn¡s¸«p. kmaqlyXpey\oXn \ntj[n¡s¸«p. \mbcpw, Xangv {_mÒW kapZmb§fpw B{IaW§fnÂ hoSpw X§fptSXmbùXoI þ Bßob kz¯v hIIÄ Dt]£n¨pw\mSphn¨p. C¯c¯nÂ tIcf¯n\v shfnbnÂ]Xn\mdv e£t¯mfw \mb·mÀ Xmakn¡p¶XmbmWv Adnhv . Xang v A¿À, A¿¦mÀkapZmb§Ä ssS¸v ssdäv ]Tn¨v t_mws_XpS§nb Øe§fnÂt]mbn cm{Xnbpw]IepanÃmsX IjvSs¸«v AhiIme¯vPohn¡p¶Xn\v IcpXn h¨ ]me¡mS vtaJIfnse `qanIÄ `q]cnjv¡cW¯nsât]cpw ]dªv kÀ¡mÀ ]nSns¨Sp¯p. HcpIme¯v Bkmante¡v \mb·mcpsS ]emb\wDmbncp¶p. ChnsS Pohn¡phm³ IgnbmsXAhnsS Xmakn¡p¶ Hcp]mSv t]À Dv.tIcf¯nÂ 1932 Â ka{K kmaqly kÀtÆ\S¯n B dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯nemWv1934þÂ kwhcW k{¼Zmbw GÀs¸Sp¯nbXv.Hmtcm kapZmb§fptSbpw ]nt¶m¡mhØbpsS tXmXv IW¡m¡n kapZmbkwJybpw A\pkcn¨mWv kwhcWhpw aävB\pIqey§fpw A\phZn¨ncp¶Xv. Cý³`cWLS\bpw kmaqly ]nt¶m¡mhØbv¡v]cnlmcambn BÀ«n¡nÄ 16/4 {]ImcwkwhcWw A\p`hn¡p¶p. ]«nIPmXn, hÀ¤wHgnsIbpÅ GXv PmXntbbpw Hcp hn`mKambn



]cnKWn¨psImv ]«nIbnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯mw.]t£ kmaqly ]nt¶m¡mhØbpsSASnØm\¯nÂ BIWw F¶v am{Xw. 1932þÂSn hn`mKs¯ ]«nIbnÂ\n¶pw \o¡w sNbvXkab¯pw `cWLS\m\pkrXamb ka{Kkmaqly kÀtÆ \S¯nbn«nÃ. \nbam\pkrXamb bmsXmcphn[ dnt¸mÀ«pIfpwASnØm\¯neÃ ]«nIbnÂ\n¶pw \o¡wsNbvXv kmaqly Xpey\oXn \ntj[n¨Xv.XpSÀ¶v XnI¨pw `cWLS\bpsS A´k¯sb tNmZyw sNbvXv sImv Hcp hn`mK¯n\v am{Xw GI]£obambn kwhcWwXpSÀ¶p. \nehnÂ kwhcW ]«nIbnÂDÄs¸«ncn¡p¶hcpsS Bt{´mt]mfPndnt¸mÀt«m ØnXn hnhc IW¡pItfm H¶pwXs¶ ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK I½oj\nÂ e`yaÃ.1992þ Â aÞÂ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«ns\XnscbpÅ kp{]owtImSXn hn[nbnÂ kmaqlykÀtÆ dnt¸mÀ«nsâ ASnØm\¯nÂkmaqly ]nt¶m¡ hn`mK ]«nI ]pXp¡n\nÝbn¡Wsa¶v Bhiys¸«ncp¶p. F¶mÂ\o 25 hÀj§Ä ]n¶n«n«pw kÀ¡mÀ CXv\S¸m¡nbn«nÃ. 1996þÂ tIcf \nbak`bnepw2000þ Â \tc{µ³ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«nepwkwhcWw 50% IS¶v 63% F¯nbncn¡p¶pF¶v dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXncp¶p. kp{]owtImSXnD¯chv A\pkcn¨v 50% IqSpXÂ kwhcWwA\phZn¡m³ ]mSnÃ. DtZymKØcpsS PmXn/kapZmbw Xncn¨ ]«nI {]kn²oIcn¡Wsa¶pw tImSXn ]dªncp¶p.1. kmaqlyambn Gähpw ]nt¶m¡mhØ

A\p`hn¡p¶ \mbÀ, {_mÒW, £{Xnb,A¼ehmkn kapZmb§sf H._n.kn]«nIbnÂ DÄs¸Sp¯pI.

2. kÀ¡mÀ A[o\XbnepÅXpw AÃm¯Xpamb sIm«mc§fptSbpw ùXoIkz¯phIIfptSbpw ]ucmWnI aqeywIW¡nseSp¯v {]tXyI kwc£W kvamcI§fmbn {]Jym]n¡pI. sIm«mc§fpsS]«nI {]kn²oIcn¡pI hn.sP.Sn. lmÄ{]tXyI \nbak`m ayqknbambn {]Jym]n¡pI. ]pXp¡n ]Wnbp¶Xv ]c¼cmKXX¨pimkv{X hnZKv[cpsS taÂt\m«¯nÂsN¿pI.

3. £{Xob kapZmb¯n\v \nbak`bnÂ{]tXyI kwhcWw GÀs¸Sp¯pI.

4. {io i¦cmNmcybptSbpw N«¼nkzmanIfptSbpw XoÀ°]mZ k{¼Zmbw, AssZzXkn²m´w F¶nh kvIqÄXew, kÀÆIemimeIfnÂ {]tXyI ]T\hnjbam¡pI.BNmcy·mcpsS Nn{X§Ä BteJ\wsNbvX IeÀ kÀ¡mÀ HmôknÂ

{]ZÀin¸n¡pI.5. i¦cmNmcy Pbń, N«¼nkzman Pbń

F¶nh s]mXp Ah[n Znhkambn{]Jym]n¡pI.

6. i¦cmNmcybptSbpw N«¼nkzmanIfptSbpwt]cnÂ kmwkvImcnI hIp¸nsâ IognÂA´mcmjv{S ]T\tI{µw Øm]n¡pI.N«¼nkzmanIfpsS XoÀ°]mZ k{¼ZmbB{ia§Ä¡v {Kmâ v A\phZn¡pI.

7. aebmf`mj ]nXmhv Xp©¯v Fgp¯Ñ³kvamcIhpw dnkÀ¨v skâdpw At±l¯nsâ P·\m«nÂ A\phZn¡pI. aebmfkÀÆIemimebv¡v At±l¯nsâ\matZbw \ÂIpI.

8. kwkvIrX`mj ]T\¯n\v {]tXyIkvtImfÀjn¸pw kvIqfpIfpw A\phZn¡pI.

9. tIcf¯nÂ B«ntbmSn¡s¸« \mbÀ,{_mÒW, £{Xob, A¼ehmkn kapZmb§sf¡pdn¨v ]Tn¡p¶Xn\mbpw t£a]²XnIÄ ip]mÀi sN¿p¶Xn\pw{]tXyI PpUojyÂ I½njs\ \nban¡pI.

10. {]hmkn Cým¡mÀ¡v kÀ¡mÀ A\phZn¨n«pÅ B\pIqey§Ä \mb·mÀ¡v\ntj[n¡p¶Xns\¡pdn¨v At\zjWw\S¯pI.

11. ae_mÀ taJebnÂ Sn¸phnsâ B{IaW¯nÂ {Iqcambn sImesN¿s¸« \mbÀ]«mfs¯¡pdn¨v PpUojyÂ At\zjWw\S¯n dnt¸mÀ«v X¿mdm¡pI.

12. ae_mÀ elf, Sn¸phnsâ B{IaWw,\nhÀ¯\ {]t£m`w, ]nt¶m¡]«nIbnÂ\n¶pw ]pd¯m¡Â, aebmfn sat½mdnbÂXpS§nb t{Zml§Ä \mbÀ, {_mÒW,£{Xnb, A¼ehmkn kapZmb§tfmSpÅPmXn]camb IS¶m{IaW§Ä BsW¶pwhwiob D·qe\w BWv e£ysa¶pwkÀ¡mÀ {]Jym]n¡pI.

13. kÀ¡mÀ DtZymK§Ä, sslt¡mSXn, aävtImSXnIÄ, UbdÎÀ P\dÂ t{]mknIyqj³, ]»n¡v t{]mknIyq«ÀamÀ,kÀÆIemime sshkv Nm³kneÀ, Poh\¡mÀ, kn³Unt¡äv, sk\äv AwK§Ä,kÀ¡mÀ tImÀ¸tdj\pIÄ, t_mÀUpIÄ,sNbÀam³, \nbak` aäp Poh\¡mÀAwK§Ä, kwØm\ I½oj\pIÄ F¶ohn`mK§fnse PmXn kapZmbw Xncn¨ ]«nIDS³ {]kn²oIcn¡pI.



Krl¯nÂ s\Ãnacw Ds¦nÂ Xn·Isfm¶pw kw`hn¡pIbnÃ. almhnjvWphn\vs\Ãn¡bpw s\Ãnbnebpw hfsc{]obs¸«XmWv. s\Ãnbne AÀ¨n¡pIbpws\Ãn¡ AÀ¸n¡pIbpw sN¿pI hgnhnjvWp{]oXn BÀÖn¡mw. s\Ãnac¯nÂhnjvWphpw e£vanbpw IpSnsImÅp¶psh¶mWv hnizmkw. s\Ãnac¯n\v ASp¯vIpfw Ds¦nÂ AXnÂ GImZin \mfnÂIpfn¡pIbpw ±zZin\mfnÂ hnjvWpkvacWtbmsS s\Ãn¡m Ign¡pIbpw sNbvXmÂKwKbnÂ kv\m\w sNbvX êhpw IminbnÂt]mb ]pWyhpw e`n¡pw. kqcys\mgnsIasäÃm tZh·mscbpw s\ÃnebmÂ AÀ¨\sN¿pI. F¶mÂ RmbdmgvN, shÅnbmgvN,k]vXan, \han, Aamhmkn, kw{Imń, F¶oZn\§fnÂ s\Ãn¡ D]tbmKn¡m³ ]mSnÃF¶mWv imkv{XaXw. C{]ImcapÅs\Ãn¡bnÂ Huj[ KpW§Ä GsdbmWv.{XntZmj§fmb hmXw, ]n¯w, I^w Chsb\in¸n¡p¶p. IpjvTw, {]talw, ImkwXpS§nb ]etcmK§Ä¡papÅ BbqÀthZacp¶pIfnepw s\Ãn¡ D]tbmKn¡p¶p.]¨s\Ãn¡m \ocv tX³ tNÀ¯v tkhn¨mÂ]mÞptcmK¯n\v ia\w DmIpw. s\Ãn¡\sÃmcp hmPoIcW Huj[w IqSnbmWv.ZoÀLmbpÊn\pw BtcmKy¯n\pw thntkhn¡p¶ BameI ckmb\¯nepw

s\Ãnacs¯ ]pcmW§Ä sFizcy¯nsâ{]XoIambn«mWv hntijn¸n¡p¶Xv F´psImv ?


hS-¡pw-`mKw a¶w ka-kvX-\m-bÀkam-P-¯nÂ AwK-amb Nnd-bpsSIng-¡-XnÂ ]tc-X-\mb än.-F-kv.tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW-]n-Å-bp-tSbpw

{ioaXn IrjvW-Ip-am-cn-]n-Å-bp-tSbpwaIÄ tKm]nI sI.-Pn.


hS-¡pw-`mKw a¶w ka-kvX-\m-bÀkam-P-¯nÂ AwK-amb

]cp-¯n-hn-f-bnÂ Pn.-inh-Ip-amdntâbpwkn.-BÀ. {ioP-bp-tSbpw aIÄ

tZhnI Fkv. IpamÀ

Nyh\{]mi¯nepw s\Ãn¡bmWv tNÀ¡p¶Xv. s\Ãn¡bn«v C«v Xnf¸n¨ shÅ¯nÂ\ntXy\ Ipfn¨mÂ Pcm\c _m[n¡pIbnsÃ¶v]dbs¸Sp¶p. _p²n{à¯n\v s\Ãn¡mIjmbw kaw ssXcpw tNÀ¯v [mctImcp¶]Xnhpv. I®n\v IpfnÀ½bpw ImgvNiànbpw{]Zm\w sN¿p¶p. cpNnbpw, Zl\iànbpwhÀ²n¸n¡pI \mUoIÄ¡v _ew \ÂIpI,taZiànhÀ²n¸n¡pI CsXms¡ s\Ãn¡bpsS khntijXIfmWv. D¸nen« s\Ãn¡bpw,A¨mdn« s\Ãn¡bpw hntijs¸«XmWv.s\Ãn¡bpsS Imbv am{XaÃ thcv, sXmenF¶nhbpw BbqÀthZ acp¶pIÄ \nÀ½n¡m³D]tbmKn¡p¶p. H«\h[n khntijXIfpÅs\Ãn¡ am\hcmin¡v I\nªv \ÂInbhcZm\amWv.

BtcmKyw



thm«ptNmZn¡m³ h¶Øm\mÀ°n clkyambv

thm«ptNmZn¨p \½þsfmcpPmXn¡mctÃm?

Iq«ph¶hÀ hoSnþ¶¦Ws¯mcpan¨p

IqSn \n¶pZvtLmjn¨pthm«psN¿Ww thm«v

clkythm«pw tXSn,Øm\mÀ°n hnPb¯n³

elcn kz]v\w IpkwL¯nÂ Xncns¨¯n.

PmXn Nn´bv¡pw aXNn´bv¡psaXncmbn

t]mcmSnPohXymKwsNbvXXmw t\Xm¡Ä X³,

hiy]p©ncn XqIqþam\\w ]Xn¨pÅ

thm«pw tNmZn¡pw t\m«okvsI«pIÄ I¿nÂt]dn,

hoSpIÄ, IheIÄISIÄ, sXmgnÂ sN¿pw

Øm]\§sfms¶m¶mbvNpäpIbmbo kwLw.

Ihe{]kwK¯nÂØm\mÀ°nbpZvtLmjn¨p,

hÀKob hnjat{XcmPy¯n¶m]¯nt¸mÄ.

kaXzw kmtlmZcywklhÀ¯nXzw, \½

sfmscmä aXatÃ?

]n.-sI. i¦-c³Ip«n

IhnX

thm«v

Hcp PmXnbpatÃm?{]kwK IesImv

\mfpIÂ \o¡nSpt¶mÀ,{]hr¯nXcwt]mse

amäp¶p kzmÀt°Ñ¡mbvI£n cmjv{Sob§Ä¡þ

§XoXambv hÀ¯n¸qhÀKNn´X³ t_m[w

kwkv¡mc kw]pjvSÀ¡pwPmXnt\m¡nbpw aXwþ

t\m¡nbpw Øm\mÀ°nsbtKmZmbnend¡p¶p

cmjv{Sob ZÃmf·mÀtXmähÀ Pbn¨hÀþ

s¡Xncmbv {]kwKn¡pwPmXn thm«pIÄ \ÂIpw

Pbsamcp PbamtWm?



kam-Pw-hmÀ -̄IÄ

atXXc kwØm\amb tIcfs¯ hn`Pn¨vX§Äs¡mcp kwØm\w F¶ AhImihmZhpambn bq¯v eoKv cwK¯nd§pt¼mÄAhÀ¡v ]¨s¡mSn Im«n \nÂ¡p¶ apÉoweoKnsâ \o¡w hfsc KuchtadnbXmWv.PmXn ASnØm\¯nÂ tIcfs¯hn`Pn¡Wsa¶Xnsâ AhImihmZ¯n\v]n¶nÂ asämcp Iem]¯n\v XncnsImfp¯phm\pÅ \o¡amWv CsX¶v cmjv{Sob\nco£IÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

XrÈqÀ apXÂ ImkÀtKmUphscbpÅ GgvPnÃIfpw Xangv\m«nse amlnbpw DÄs¸Sp¯nae_mÀ kwØm\w cq]oIcn¡Wsa¶XmWvAhcpsS Bhiyw. tImgnt¡mSv XeØm\am¡n ]pXnb kwØm\w cq]oIrXamIp¶tXmsS apÉow§Ä¡v Hcp kwØm\wF¶XmWv AhÀ e£yanSp¶Xv. ae_mdnsâ]nt¶m¡ AhØbv¡v ]cnlmcw ImWm³e£yamWv eoKv apt¶m«v shbv¡p¶Xv

tIcfs¯ PmXnbSnØm\¯nÂ hn`Pn¡m³ eoKv \o¡wF¦nepw atXXc¯nÂtaÂ ISbv¡ÂI¯nhbv¡pI F¶ e£yamWv CXnsâ]n¶nÂ DÅ-sX¶v kwibnt¡nbncn¡p¶p.

ae_mÀ kwØm\w cq]oIcn¡p¶XnÂkÀ¡mcnÂ k½À±w sNep¯n e£yw]qÀ¯oIcn¡p¶Xn\v bq¯v eoKv apÉow eoKvt\XrXzs¯ kao]n¨pIgnªp. ChÀ NqnIm«p¶ ]nt¶m¡mhØ F´mWv C¶va\Ênem¡m³ Hmtcm tIcfob\pw X¿mdmIWw. CXv Hcp atXXc kwØm\amWv.`mjmSnØm\¯nÂ kwØm\s¯ hn`Pn¡pI F¶ e£yw km[yamInÃ. F¶Xncn¨dnthmsS ae_mdnsâ ]nt¶m¡mhØbv¡p ]cnlmcw. F¶ ktµihpambn«vCd§n¯ncn¨ncn¡p¶Xv. Cu BhiywAwKoIcn¡m³ ]äm¯Xpw PmXnb{[phoIcW¯n\v CXv hgnsXfn¡psa¶v bq¯veoKnsâ AhImi hmZs¯ ap³\nÀ¯ncmjv{Sob \nco£IÀ A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p.

a¶w SNS hS¡pw`mKw s]mXp-tbmKwFkv.F³.Fkv Icp\mK¸Ån Xmeq¡v

kamP¯nse, hS¡pw`mKw a¶w kakvX\mbÀ kamP¯nsâ Hcp hntijmÂs]mXptbmKw IebpsS `h\¯nÂ tNcpIbpmbn. 165þmaXv Pb´n kt½f\ambhnZym[ncmtPmÕh¯nsâ hnPb¯n\mbnFÃm kamPmwK§sfbpw t\cnÂIp£Wn¡p¶Xnsâ `mKambn, sImÃw PnÃmkzmKXkwL¯nsâ B`napJy¯nembncp¶pCu hntijmÂ s]mXptbmKw. kamPw{]knUâ v cmtP{µ³]nÅ A²y£Xhln¨tbmKw, Icp\mK¸Ån Xmeq¡v kamPw{]knUâ v _n. N{µtaml\³ DZvLmS\wsNbvXp. Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv kwØm\ sshkv{]knUâ v ao\apcfo[c³, Fkv.F³.FkvsImÃw PnÃm ssh. {]knUâ v Hma\¡p«³]nÅ, Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv PnÃm sk{I«dn ]n.a©p, Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv kamPw {]knUâ vaÃnI, Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv Xmeq¡v tPm.sk{I«dn Ie, Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv kamPwsk{I«dn {iotZhn XpS§nbhÀ kwkmcn¨p.XpSÀ¶v Fkv.Fkv.FÂ.knbv¡v D¶XhnPbwIcØam¡nb, Ip«nIÄ¡v Iymjv ss{]kv\ÂIn BZcn¨p. kamPw sk{I«dn i¦c¸nÅkzmKXhpw, {SjdÀ iio[c³]nÅ IrXÚXbpw tcJs¸Sp¯n. tbmK¯v 61 AwK§Ä]s¦Sp¯p. hnZym[ncmtPmÕh¯n\v 100 t]sc]s¦Sp¸n¡m³ tbmKw Xocpam\n¨p.

ASqÀ Xmeq¡nÂ sX§aw ]Snªmdv tZhnhnemkw kakvX\mbÀ kamP¯nsât\XrXz¯nÂ kuP\y saUn¡Â Iym¼v\S¯n. ]¯\wXn« PnÃm P\tkhm{SÌnsâbpw PnÃm BtcmKyw tI{µ¯ntâbpwklIcWt¯msS \S¯nb Iym¼nÂkuP\yPohnX ssien tcmK\nÀ®bhpwcà{Kq¸v \nÀ®bhpw sshdÂ ]\n\nÀ®bhpw acp¶phnXcWhpw \S¯n.

Iym¼n\v apt¶mSnbmbn \S¶ tbmKw]Ånbv¡Â {Kma]©mb¯v {]knUâ v Pn.{]k¶Ipamcn DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. kamPw{]knUâ v sP. IrjvWIpamdnsâ A²y£XbnÂ IqSnb tbmK¯nÂ hmÀUv sa¼ÀkZminh³]nÅ, Fkv.F³.hn.Fkv kwØm\D]m²y£ {]k¶Ipacn, Xmeq¡v kamPwAwKw F³. cmtP{µ³\mbÀ, Xmeq¡v sshkv{]knUâ v sI. cmPtiJc]nÅ, Xmeq¡vtPmbnâ v sk{I«dn sI._n. cmtPjvIpamÀ,PohImcpWy \n[n PnÃ {SjdÀ {]Zo]v]Ån¡Â F¶nhÀ BiwkIÄ AÀ¸n¨p.kakvX\mbÀ kamPw sk{I«dn cmtPjvsX§aw kzmKXhpw Xmeq¡v kamPw AwKwsI.]n. a³aY¡pdp¸v \µnbpw ]dªp. PnÃmBtcmKy hIp¸nsâ t\XrXz¯nÂ saUn¡ÂkwLw t\XrXzw \ÂInb Iym¼v h³hnPb{]Zambncp¶p.

kuP\y PohnX ssientcmK\nÀ®b Iym¼v \S¯n



F³.Fkv.Fkv ]nfÀ¶pFkv.F³.Fkntebv¡v

\nÊwKXbpw kzmÀ°Xbpw sImv \mbÀkapZmbs¯ tkhn¨v tkhn¨v Nnbm¡nbkapZmb t\XrXz¯ns\Xnsc Ccp\qtdmfwIpSpw_§Ä kakvX\mbÀ kamP¯nte¡vtNÀ¶p. kapZmb kvt\lw ]dªv \mbscA\pZn\w hnUvVnbm¡p¶ kapZmb t\XrXzaÃ kapZmb¯nse Xmsg X«nÂ AhiXt\cnSp¶hcpsS thZ\IÄ Xncn¨dnbp¶Icp¯pä t\XrXzamWv \ap¡mhiyw F¶Xncn¨dnhmWv Ahsc Fkv.F³.Fknte¡vIS¶phcm³ t{]cn¸n¨v.

cmPy¯n\pthn Ahkm\ \nanjw hsct]mcmSn HäpImÀ \mb·mcpsS klmbt¯msSXsâ Hfn¯mhfw hfª {_«ojvsN¶mbv¡Ä ISn¨pIodm³ Xsâ Poh³hn«psImSp¡msX kzbw Ip¯nacn¨thep¯¼n ZfhnbpsS Ncn{Xw C\nbpwBhÀ¯n¡mXncn¡m³ \mbÀ kapZmb¯nsâGI {]Xo£bmbn hfÀ¶psImncn¡p¶kakvX\mbÀ kamP¯nsâ Icp¯pÅIc§sf iàns¸Sp¯pIbmWv X§fpsSe£ysa¶v kwLmSIÀ ]dªp.

XrÈqÀ Bdt§m«pIc Fkv.F³.FknsâthZnbnte¡v sNhmZy¯nsâ AI¼SntbmsS P\dÂ sk{I«dnsb kzoIcn¨p.

tIm¶n Xmeq¡v I¬h³j³]¯\wXn«: kakvX\mbÀ kamPw tIm¶n

Xmeq¡v I¬h³j³ tIm¶n im´mkvHmUntämdnb¯nÂ \S¶p. Zo]t{]mPze\w]pjv]mÀ¨\bpw Z£nW kaÀ¸WwCuizc{]mÀ°\ BNmcy[ym\¯n\vtijw\S¶ I¬h³j³ P\dÂsk{I«dn s]cpapäwcm[mIrjvW³ DZ vLmS\w \nÀÆln¨p.Fkv.F³.Fkv tI{µI½nänbwKw än.än.a[pkqZ\³ \mbÀ, kzmKXw Biwkn¨tbmK¯nÂ Fkv.F³.Fkv JPm³Pn]pXp¡cn kptc{µ\mYv apJy{]`mjWw\S¯n. XpSÀ¶v Fkv.F³.Fkv sshkv{]knUâ v AUz. Pn.]n cho{µ³ \mbÀ,Fkv.F³.Fkv sk{I«dn sI.PncmtP{µ³\mbÀ, Fkv.F³.Fkv PnÃm sshkv{]knUâ v tkmatiJc³\mbÀ, Fkv.F³.Fknsâ XdhmSnsâ kwØm\ amt\PnwKvI½nän AwKw Fkv.F³.Fkv tIm¶n Xmeq¡vsk{I«dnbpamb ]n. N{µtiJc³\mbÀ,Fkv.F³.Fkv PnÃm{]knUâ v sImSpa¬Iae½, Fkv.F³.Fkv UbdÎÀ t_mÀUvAwKhpw Fkv.F³.Fkv tIm¶n Xmeq¡v

{]knUâ v hnPb½ So¨À F¶nhÀBiwkIÄ AÀ¸n¨p kwkmcn¨p. XpSÀ¶vFkv.Fkv.FÂ.kn, ¹kv Sp ]co£bnÂ ^pÄF ¹kv t\Snb hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pÅk½m\hnXcWw ]pXp¡cn kptc{µ\mYv\nÀÆln¨p.

Fkv.F³.Fkv Xmeq¡v sshkv {]knUâ vlco{µ³ IrXÚX tcJs¸Sp¯n.Fkv.F³.Fkv tIm¶n Xmeq¡v I½nän`mcnhmlnIfmbn hnPb½ So¨À {]knUâ v,kmckm£nb½ sk{I«dn, e£van¡p«nb½JPm³Pn F¶nhsc XncsªSp¯p.

I¬sh³j³ \S¯ntIm«bw: kwØm\ \mbÀ kamPw PnÃm

I¬sh³j³ {SjdÀ ]pXp¡c kptc{µ\mYvDZvLmS\w sNbvXp. PnÃm {]knUâ v ]n.cmtPjv XncphmÀ¸v A²y£X hln¨tbmK¯nÂ kztZi imkv{X{]Øm\wkwØm\ {]knUâ v lcn¡p¶wctP{µ³\mbÀ, hmgqÀ XoÀ°]mZ B{iaAwKw ̀ qam\XoÀ°]mZÀ kwØm\ sk{I«dntkmatKm]meIrjvW³, eoem {]Imi³,sI.sI. cmaN{µ³, F¶nhÀ {]kwKn¨p.

sk]väw_À 1 \v XrÈqcnÂ \S¡p¶hnZym[ncmtPmÕh¯nÂ Hcpe£w t]scAWn\nc¯psa¶v `mchmlnIÄ ]dªp.hmgqÀ XoÀ°]mZm{iaw aTmXn]Xn kzman{]IvRm\´ XoÀ°]mZÀ sNbÀam\mbpw hn.cmaN{µ³\mbÀ Icn¦p¶w N{µ³\mbÀ,F¶nhÀ c£m[nImcnIfmbn kaXnIÄcq]oIcn¨p.

Icp\mK¸Ån Nhd hS¡pw`mKw,kakvX\mbÀ kamPw I¬sh³j³ kamPw{]knUâ v cmtP{µ³ ]nÅbpsS A²y£XbnÂ Icp\mK¸Ån Xmeq¡v bqWnb³{]knUâ v N{µtaml\³ DZvLmS\w sNbvXp.XpSÀ¶v Hma\¡p«³]nÅ, ao\ apcfo[c³,Fw. aRvPp, aÃnI, {iotZhn, Ie, XpS§nbhÀkwkmcn¨ i¦c³Ip«n¸nÅ kzmKXhpwiin[c³]nÅ IrXRvPXbpw ]dªp.Ignª Fkv.Fkv.FÂ.kn ]co£bnÂ D¶XhnPbw t\Snb aq¶v hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡v IymjvAhmÀUv \ÂIn BZcn¨p.

tÌäv I½nän sshkv {]knUâpw PnÃm{]knUâpw ao\ apcfn, PnÃ sshkv {]knUâ vHma\¡p«³, {SjdÀ iin[c³]nÅ, PnÃmh\nXm kamPw sk{I«dn aRvPp, h\nXmkamPw sk{I«dn {iotZhn F¶n-hÀ ]s¦-Sp¯p.



hmÀjnI s]mXptbmKwkakvX \mbÀ kamPw imkvXmwImhv

(hmgqÀ) bqWnänsâ hmÀjnI s]mXptbmKw{]knUâ v sI.Fkv. inh{]kmZnsâA²y£XbnÂ tIm«bw PnÃm sk{I«dncmaN{µ³ s]cph DZ vLmS\w sNbvXp.tbmK¯nÂ hnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pÅ hnZym`ymkklmb§Ä sIm«mc¯nÂ hnPbN{µ³\mbÀ hnXcWw sNbvXp.

]pXnb `mchmlnIfmbn sI.Fkv.inh{]kmZv {]knUâ v, hn. inh{]kmZvsshkv. {]knUâ v, N{µmebw N{µt_mkvsk{I«dn, {]k¶IpamÀ tPm. sk{I«dn,`cWkanXn AwK§fmbn cm[mIrjvW³\ainhmb, kptc{µ³, \nôjv ,cmtP{µ_m_p, kp\nÂIpamÀ, cmPohvcmPtiJc³\mbÀ F¶nhscbpwXncsªSp¯p.

DZbkakvX\mbÀ kamPwcq]oIcn¨p

]¯\wXn«: Ime¯nsâ amäw DÄsImv]pXpXmbn IednÂ DZbkakvX \mbÀkamPw cq]oIcn¨p. tKm]n\mY³\mbcpsSA²y£XbnÂIqSnb tbmK¯nÂ cma`{Z³\mbÀ kzmKXw ]dªp. ]n. N{µtiJc³\mbcpsS apJy{]`mjWt¯msS XpS¡wIpdn¨ tbmKw Fkv.F³.Fkv sshkv{]knUâ v Pn.]n. cho{µ³\mbÀ DZvLmS\wsNbvXp. F³.ssh.Fkv PnÃm {]knUâ v \µpän \mbÀ ]pXnb kamP¯nsâ c£m[nImcnbpw cp{Zm£w AS¡apÅ {KÙ§fpsScNbnXmhpamb Pn. cmP¸³\mbÀ XpS§nbhÀ kwkmcn¨p. DZbkakvX\mbÀ kamPwF¶ t]cnÂ cq]oIrXamb kamP¯nsâ`mchmlnIfmbn c£m[nImcnbmbn Pn.cmP¸³\mbÀ {]knUâ v Acp¬, sk{I«dnlcnIpamÀ s]cph\¯v, sshkv{]kUâpamcmbn cma`{Z³\mbÀ, hn\oX, tPmbnâ vs{k{I«dnbmbn cm[mIrjvW³, {SjdÀ BbnPbN{µ³\mbÀ F¶nhsc XncsªSp¯vDZb Fkv.F³.Fkv {]knUâ v DjmIpamcn.sk{I«dn {ioIpamcn F¶nhsc XncsªSp¯p.

]¯\wXn« PnÃm \mbÀ bphP\kamPw`mchmlnIfmbn {]knUâ v \µp.än.\mbÀ,sk{I«dn A\nÂ.BÀ, sshkv {]knUâ v{ioIe hn.Fkv, tPmbnâ v sk{I«dn e£van,{SjdÀ BÀ. joP F¶nhsc XncsªSp¯p.

]XmI I¬sh³j³]¯\wXn«: kakvX\mbÀ kamPw

]¯\wXn« PnÃm I¬sh³j³ Fkv.F³.Fkv sshkv {]knUâ v AUz: Pn.]n.

cho{µ³\mbÀ DZvLmS\w sNbvXp. Fkv.F³.Fkv.Un.hn.Fw PnÃm {]knUâ v än.UnhnPb³\mbÀ A²y£X hln¨ tbmK¯nÂtUm. A\nÂ sshZyawKew apJy{]`mjWw\S¯n. hnZym[ncmtPmÕh ktµiwFkv.F³.Fkv.Un.hn.Fw kzmKX kwLwP\dÂ I¬ho\À AUz. sI.F³.tkmaIpamÀ \nÀÆln¨p. XpSÀ¶v Fkv.F³.Fkv PnÃm tPmbnâ v sk{I«dn hÅnt¡mSvtkmatiJc³\mbÀ, Fkv.F³.hn. Fkv PnÃm{]knUâ v sImSpa¬ Iae½, Fkv.F³.FkvPnÃm FIvknIyq«ohv AwKw ]n.BÀ.sk³,tIm¶n Xmeq¡v sshkv {]knUâ v lco{µ³,XdhmS v amt\PnwK v I½nän AwKhpwFkv.F³.Fkv tIm¶n Xmeq¡v sk{I«dnbpamb ]n. N{µtiJc³\mbÀ, PnÃm {SjdÀkp[mIc³\mbÀ G\m¯v, hnae, XpS§nbhÀkwkmcn¨p. XZhkc¯nÂ Fkv.F³.hn.FkvkwØm\ sshkv {]knUâ v {]k¶IpamcnFkv.Fkv.FÂ.kn, ¹kv Sp ]co£bnÂ ^pÄF h¬ t\Snb {]XnÌsf BZcn¨p. PnÃmsk{I«dn sI.Pn cmtP{µ³\mbÀ kzmKXwBiwkn¡pIbpw PnÃm FIvknIyq«ohv AwKwtkmatiJc³ ]nÅ \µn ]dªp.

I¬sh³j\nÂ h¨v \mbÀ bphP\kamPw `mchmlnIfmbn \µn.än .\mbÀIe¶qÀ {]knUâ v, sk{I«dn A\nÂ.BÀ,{SjdÀ BÀ. {ioP, sshkv{]knUâ v {ioIehn.Fkv. ]Ån¡Â, sk{I«dn sF¡mSv e£vanF¶nhsc XncsªSp¯p.

kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«vASnbćambn \S¸m¡Ww

s]cpapäw cm[mIrjvW³

imkvXmwtIm«: `cWLS\ A\pimkn¡p¶Xpey\oXn \mbÀ kapZmbmwK§Ä¡v In«Wsa¶pw kn³lp I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v ASnbćambn \S¸nem¡Wsa¶pw AÃm¯]£wkac]cn]mSnIÄ Bcw`n¡psa¶pw kakvX\mbÀ kamPw P\dÂsk{I«dn s]cpapäwcm[mIrjvW³ ]dªp. kakvX\mbÀkamPw PnÃm {]hÀ¯I I¬sh³j³SuWnÂ DZ vLmS\w sN¿pIbmbncp¶pAt±lw. XriqÀ tX¡n³ImSv ssaXm\nbnÂ\S¡p¶ \mbÀalmkwKa¯nÂ Xpey\oXn¡mbpÅ {]t£m`§fpsS {]Jym]\apmIpsa¶pw At±lw ]dªp. PnÃm {]knUâ v kn.IrjvWIpamÀ A[y£X hln¨p. kwØm\{SjdÀ ]pXp¡cnkptc{µ\mYv, PnÃm sk{I«dns]cp¦pfw cmPohv, Sn.Un hnPb³\mbÀ,Hma\¡p«³\mbÀ, iqc\mSv cm[mIrjvW³,]cnaWw {]k¶Ipamcn, am\kn taml³, ]n.aRvPp F¶nhÀ {]kwKn¨p.



]¯\wXn«: IeªqÀ taJemI¬sh³j³ Fkv.F³.Fkv. sk{I«dns]cpapäw cm[mIrjvW³ DZvLmS\w sNbvXp.apJy{]`mjWw A\nÂ sshZyawKew\nÀÆln¨p. XpSÀ¶v AUz: Pn.]n. cho{µ\mYv,cho{µ³\mbÀ, kZminh³\mbÀ, {]k¶Ipamcn So¨À F¶nhÀ BiwkIÄ AÀ¸n¨p.{io. hnZym[ncmP Fkv.F³.Fkv CS¯dIeªqcn\pthn sk{I«dn Xpfko[c³\mbÀ, Imt©mSv almtZh Fkv.F³.Fkn\pthn sk{I«dnbpw, {]knUâpw, DZbmFkv.F³.Fkn\pthn sk{I«dnbpw{]knUâpw, {io. hnZym[ncmPm Fkv.F³.hn.Fkn\pthn ]¯\wXn« PnÃm{]knUâ vIae½bpw, DZbm Fkv.F³.hn.Fkn\pthnbpw {]knUâpw, {ioalmtZhFkv.F³.hn. Fkn\pthn sk{I«dnbpw

P\\\nc¡nÂ H¶mw Øm\¯v apÉowP\hn`mKamWv. hfÀ¨m \nc¡nÂ AhÀ 22iXam\ambn. F¶mÂ lnµpP\\ \nc¡nÂ20 iXam\w ]n¶nÂ. 2016þ Â 4.955. 682 Ip«nIÄP\n¨XnÂ 42.55 CÉmw aX hnizmk¯nseIp«nIfmWv. 41.88 iXam\w Ip«nIÄ am{XamWvlnµpaX¯nÂ P\n¨Xv. 15.35 iXam\amWv{InkvXpaX¯nse P\\\nc¡v CXv BZyambn«mWv tIcf¯nÂ CÉmwaXhn`mKwP\\\nc¡nÂ H¶mw Øm\¯v F¯p¶Xv.2015þ se lnµp P\\\nc¡v CÉmw P\\\nc¡nt\¡mÄ Hcp iXam\w ap¶nembncp¶p.tIcf¯nse acW\nc¡pambn P\\\nc¡ns\ XmcXayw sN¿pt¼mÄ 62.26 iXam\wlnµp¡Ä acWs¸Spt¼mÄ P\\\nc¡v 41.55iXam\amWv. AXmbXv lnµp P\kwJymhfÀ¨ 20 iXam\w ]n¶nte¡msW¶v AÀ°w.19.27 iXam\amWv CÉmw hn`mK¯nsâacW\nc¡v. P\\\nc¡pambn CXns\XmcXayw sN¿pt¼mÄ P\kwJym hfÀ¨ 28iXam\t¯mfw ap¶nemWv F¶v kqNn¸n¡p¶p. 15.35 P\\\nc¡pÅ {InkvXy³P\hn`mK¯nsâ P\kwJy hfÀ¨ 4.71iXam\w ]n¶nte¡mWv. CXnÂ \n¶v \mw

a\Ênemt¡Xv tIcfs¯ asämcp Imivaocm¡m³ {ian¡pIbmsW¶pÅXmWv. lnµp\yq\]£amhpIbpw aäv aX§Ä `qcn]£¯nte¡v IpXn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶Xv hgnKpcpXcamb AhØsb¡pdn¨v \mwKuchambn Nn´nt¡XmWv.

2017 H¶mw ¢mknÂ {]thi\w t\SnbhnZymÀ°nIfpsS F®¯nÂ Xs¶ Cu amäw{]ISamWv. 51 .27 iXam\w CÉmw aXIp«nIfmWv. tIcf¯nte¡v ]pd¯v \n¶pÅIp«nIfpsS F®w CXv tcJs¸Sp¯nbn«nÃ.kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ ]pd¯phn« IW¡pIÄXs¶ P\\acW\nc¡v C¯c¯nÂ apt¶m«vt]mbmÂ 2035 F¯pt¼mtg¡pw tIcfwCÉmw `qcn]£apÅ kwØm\ambn amdpwF¶ Imcy¯nÂ kwibwth. lnµpþ{InkvXy³ P\hn`mK¯nse P\\\nc¡nÂImcyamb IpdhmWv IW¡pIÄ hyàam¡p¶Xv. kwØm\ km¼¯nI hn`mK¯nsâIW¡pIÄ {]Imcw hcm³ Ccn¡p¶ asämcpZpc´¯nsâ km£y]{Xw IqSnbmWv.

P\dÂ sk{I«dnbnÂ\n¶v A^ntej³kÀ«n^n¡äv Gäphm§n. sImÃw A©enÂcq]oIrXamb ]pXnb kamP¯nsâ A^ntej³ ^okpw PnÃm {]knUâ v IrjvWIpamdpwGäphm§n. NS§nÂ apXnÀ¶ ]uc·mscBZcn¨p. sI.kn.cho{µ³\mbÀ, ]ctaizc³\mbÀ, sImSpa¬ cmPtKm]me³\mbÀ,tkmatiJc³\mbÀ, cmPtKm]me³,KwKm[c³\mbÀ, Sn.BÀ. X¦¸³\mbÀ,IcpWmIc\mbÀ, Xt«e½, X«bnÂIrjvW\p®n, ca XpS§nbhsc BZcn¨p.`cWn]qPbv¡v ]´fw tkmatiJc³\mbÀ,ASqÀ kpPb³ X¼n F¶nhÀ t\XrXzw\ÂIn. ]n. N{µtiJc³\mbÀ kzmKXw]dªp.

taJem I¬sh³j³

lnµp¡Ä \yq\]£ambXv F´psImv ?



i_cnaebnÂ kv{XoIÄ {]thin¡Wtamthtbm F¶v Xocpam\n¡p¶Xv AhnSps¯tZhkzw t_mÀUv `cWkanXnbmWv.kv {XoIÄ¡v i_cnaebnÂ {]thi\w\ntj[n¡s¸«n«nÃ. Nne {]mb ]cn[nIÄ\nÝbn¨n«pv F¶pam{Xw. AsXms¡ChnSps¯ Hmtcm lnµpkv{XoIÄ¡pwAdnbmhp¶ kXyamWv F¶ncns¡ Ct¸mÄ]pXnb AhImihmZ§fpambn Cd§n]pds¸«ncn¡p¶Xnsâ ]n¶nse lnPU³APbmWv \mw Kuchambn ImtWXv.CXnsâ ]n¶nÂ cmjv{Sobhpw aX]chpambHcp lnPU³ APbpsS `mKamWv F¶vXncn¨dnbm³ henb hnthI _p²nsbm¶pwth. UnsshUv B³ dqÄ F¶ Hcp]cnjv¡mcw ]v apXte ChnsS \nehnepmbncp¶p. AXv Ct¸mÄ lnµp¡Ä¡nSbnte¡vsImv h¶ncn¡p¶p F¶p kmcw. ImcWwF¶n«pthWw Ahsc X½nÂ XÃn¨v HcpkapZmbs¯ D·qe\w sN¿m³. D¯tc´y¡mc\mb \ujmZv Jm³ Fs¶mcp hyànkv{XoIÄ¡v i_cnaebnÂ Ibdm³ AhkcwthWw F¶mhiys¸«psImv kaÀ¸n¨s]mXpXmÂ¸cy lÀPn \ÂIns¡mvkm[mcW¡mcnÂ km[mcW¡mÀ¡nSbnÂt¸mepw Hcp NÀ¨ sN¿m³ AhkcwDm¡nsb¦nÂ \½Ä AXns\ KuchambnImWpIXs¶ thWw. kv{XoIÄ¡v i_cnaebnÂ IS¡m³ A\paXn \ÂIpI hgni_cnaebnÂ F¯p¶ kv{XoIÄ _mhcpkzmanbpsS AcnInse¯pIbpw AXv HcphÀ¤ob hnjbambn DbÀ¯n¸nSn¨v asämcpIem]¯n\v hgnsXfn¡pIbpw sN¿pw.i_cnae F¶p]dbp¶Xv GItZiw 1500hÀj§Ä¡v ap¼v Øm]nXambXpw AhnSps¯{]tXyI BNmc§fptSbpw hnizmk§fptSbpw ASnØm\¯nÂ {]ikvXnbmÀÖn¨t£{XamWv. Hcp apÉow ]ÅnbnÂ kv{XoIsf{]thin¸n¡m³ A\paXn tXSns¡mvGsX¦nepw apÉow ktlmZc³ tImSXnsbkao]n¡ptam? Hcp apkÂam\pw AXn\vIgnbpIbnÃ. ImcWw AXv AhcpsSaXhnizmkamWv. Hcp aXhnizmkt¯bpwtNmZyw sN¿m³ BÀ¡pw AhImianÃmsb¶ncns¡ lnµp¡Ä¡pw AhcpsSt£{X§Ä¡pw BNmc§Ä¡psaXnsc\S¡p¶ \o¡w Hmtcm lnµphpw KuchambnImWpIbpw AXn\v A\pkcn¨v {]hÀ¯n¡pIbpw thWw. lnµpt£{X§fpsS hchv

s]mXp kz¯mbn ImWWsa¶v ]dbp¶cmjv{Sob {]kvXm\§fpsS I]SapJw \mwXncn¨dnbWw.

Hmtcm lnµphpw tZhkzw t_mÀUvt£{X§fnÂ Hcp cq] t]mepw ImWn¡h©nbnÂ CScpXv. \½psS ]Ww sImvXg¨phfcp¶ tZhkzw t_mÀUv \bn¡p¶XvBcmWv. Iptd \ocnizchmZnIfmb cmjv{Sob¡mÀ AhcmWv AhnSps¯ hchv apgph³ I«vapSn¡p¶Xv. AXpsImpXs¶ lnµpkapZmbhpw AhcpsS BNmc§fpw Zn\w{]XnhnNmcWbv¡v hnt[bamtInhcp¶Xv .lnµpkv{XoIÄ t£{X§fnÂ t]mIp¶XvA\mimky {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡mWv F¶v]dª Iqen Fgp¯pImcpsS \mSmWnXv. AXv{]kn²oIcn¡p¶ {]kn²oIcWamIs«lnµp¯z¯nsâ Nmc·mcmsW¶v \mwXncn¨dnbpIbpw B {]kn²oIcW¯ns\-Xnsc i_vZ§Ä DbÀ¯pIbpw thWw.BcmWv hotc{µIpamÀ A[nImc¯n\pthnZn\wtXmdpw ]mÀ«n amdn Nhn«p¶ I]Scmjv{Sob¡mÀ. ChÀs¡Xnsc Hmtcm lnµphpwssItImÀt¡nbncn¡p¶p. Ccpfnsâadhnencp¶v lnµp¡Äs¡Xnsc ]ShmÄDbÀ¯p¶ cmPyt{ZmlnIsf Xncn¨dnbWsa¦nÂ \mw iàcmIWw. \½psS iànF´msW¶v sXfnbn¡Ww. AXn\mbncn¡s«\½psS Hmtcm \o¡hpw.


B\-bSn, tXm«p-hm, sXt¡-]p-XphmCS-¸p-c-bnÂ Fkv. {]Im-in-tâbpw

A\nem {]Im-in-tâbpw aI³A`n-PnXv ]n. \mbÀ

i_cnaebpw kv{Xo{]thi\hpw

mbÀ kam-p-¯nsâ apj-]{xw · 2020-05-18 · d¯cw is¯m³ ignªp. b xncn¨dnhv fs¶...

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