matter—properties and changes · study guide for content mastery chemistry: matter and change •...

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Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13

Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes

Section 3.1 Properties of MatterIn your textbook, read about physical properties and chemical properties of matter.

Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage.

Matter is anything with (1) and volume. A

(2) is a form of matter with a uniform and unchanging composition.

Substances have specific, unchanging (3) that can be observed.

Substances have both physical and chemical properties. (4)

properties can be observed without changing a substance’s chemical composition. Color,

hardness, and (5) are examples. Other properties cannot be

observed without changing the composition of a substance. These are called

(6) properties. An example is the tendency of iron to form

rust when exposed to air.

Label each property as either physical or chemical.

7. Chemical formula H2O

8. Forms green carbonate when exposed to moist air

9. Remains unchanged when in the presence of nitrogen

10. Colorless

11. Solid at normal temperatures and pressures

12. Ability to combine with another substance

13. Melting point

14. Liquid at normal temperatures and pressures

15. Boiling point is 100°C

16. Conducts electricity

17. Density is 1g�cm3

STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERYCHAPTER 3

chemical mass physical

density properties substance

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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery

In your textbook, read about states of matter.

Label each drawing with one of these words: solid, liquid, gas.

18.

19.

20.

For each statement below, write true or false.

21. All matter that we encounter in everyday life exists in one of threephysical forms.

22. A solid has definite shape and volume.

23. A liquid has a definite shape and takes on the volume of its container.

24. A gas has both the shape and the volume of its container.

25. The particles in a gas cannot be compressed into a smaller volume.

26. Liquids tend to contract when heated.

27. The particles in a solid are spaced far apart.

28. The words gas and vapor can be used interchangeably.

Section 3.1 continued


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Section 3.2 Changes in Matter In your textbook, read about physical change and chemical change.

What kinds of changes do these words indicate? Write each word under the correctheading. Use each word only once.

Physical Change Chemical Change

1. 9.

2. 10.

3. 11.

4. 12.

5. 13.

6. 14.

7. 15.

8. 16.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A Column B

17. The new substances that are formed in a chemical reaction

18. A chemical reaction that involves one or more substanceschanging into new substances

19. Shows the relationship between the reactants and products in achemical reaction

20. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process

21. The starting substances in a chemical reaction

Answer the following question. Write an equation showing conservation of mass of reactants and products.

22. In a laboratory, 178.8 g of water is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Thehydrogen gas has a mass of 20.0 g. What is the mass of the oxygen gas produced?


boil crumple crush explode

burn ferment freeze grind

condense melt oxidize rot

corrode rust tarnish vaporize

a. chemical change

b. reactants

c. products

d. chemical equation

e. law of conservationof mass

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16 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Study Guide for Content Mastery

Section 3.3 Mixtures of Matter In your textbook, read about pure substances and mixtures.

Use the words below to complete the concept map.

In your textbook, read about separating mixtures.

For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B.

Column A Column B

7. Separates substances on the basis of the boiling points ofthe substances

8. Separates by formation of solid, pure particles from asolution

9. Separates substances based on their movement through aspecial paper

10. Separates solids from liquids by using a porous barrier

matter

homogeneousmixtures

substances 1. mixtures

3. heterogeneous2. water

4. sand–water mixture 5. solutions

6. salt–water mixture

mixtures


heterogeneous salt–water mixture sand–water mixture

mixtures solutions water

a. filtration

b. distillation

c. crystallization

d. chromatography

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Section 3.4 Elements and CompoundsIn your textbook, read about elements and compounds.

Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. A substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemicalmeans is a(n)

a. compound. b. mixture. c. element. d. period.

2. A chemical combination of two or more different elements is a(n)

a. solution. b. compound. c. element. d. period.

3. Which of the following is an example of an element?

a. water b. air c. sugar d. oxygen

4. Which of the following is an example of a compound?

a. gold b. silver c. aspirin d. copper

5. What are the horizontal rows in the periodic table called?

a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods

6. What are the vertical columns in the periodic table called?

a. block elements b. groups or families c. grids d. periods

Label each substance as either an element or a compound.

7. silicon 10. nickel

8. sodium chloride 11. ice

9. francium

Write the symbol for each element. Use the periodic table on pages 72–73 in your textbook if you need help.

12. neon 15. titanium

13. calcium 16. fluorine

14. iron

In your textbook, read about the law of definite proportions.

Use the law of definite proportions and the equation below to answer the questions.

The law of definite proportions states that regardless of the amount, a compound isalways composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass.

Mass percentage of an element (%) � � 100%

17. A 20.0-g sample of sucrose contains 8.4 g of carbon. What is the mass percentage of car-bon in sucrose? Show your work.

mass of element��mass of compound


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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 13

Matter—Properties and ChangesMatter—Properties and Changes

Reviewing VocabularyMatch the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.

Column A Column B

1. A homogeneous mixture

2. States that mass is neither created nor destroyed in any process

3. States that regardless of the amount, a compound is alwayscomposed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass

4. States that different masses of one element combine with thesame relative mass of another element to form differentcompounds

5. The grid organizing elements into periods and groups

6. The ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass ofthe compound

7. Three physical forms that describe all matter that exists on Earth

8. A separation technique that results in the formation ofpure solid particles from a solution

9. A technique that separates the components of a mixture

10. A form of matter with a constant volume that takes theshape of its container

11. A form of matter with a definite shape and volume

Compare and contrast each pair of related terms.

12. chemical property, physical property

13. substance, mixture

CHAPTER ASSESSMENTCHAPTER 3

a. law of multipleproportions

b. percent by mass

c. periodic table

d. law of conservationof mass

e. law of definiteproportions

f. solution

g. crystallization

h. chromatography

i. states of matter

j. solid

k. liquid

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14 Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 Chapter Assessment

Understanding Main Ideas (Part A)

Identify each property as either physical or chemical. Tell whether each physical property is extensive or intensive.

1. color

2. tendency to rust

3. boiling point

4. density

5. mass

6. ability to dissolve

7. malleability

8. ability to conduct electricity

Match each term in Column A with its example in Column B.

Column A Column B

9. alloy

10. element

11. gas

12. vapor

Circle the item that is an example of the term.

13. compound

salt air nickel

14. homogeneous mixture

silicon air nickel

15. element

salt brass aluminum


a. gold

b. methane

c. steam

d. sterling silver (silver and copper)

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Chapter Assessment Chemistry: Matter and Change • Chapter 3 15

Understanding Main Ideas (Part B)

Identify each change as either physical or chemical.

1. breaking a pencil in half

2. wood burning

3. silver tarnishing

4. ice melting

5. hard-boiling an egg

6. grinding coffee beans

7. burning gasoline

Identify each mixture as either homogeneous or heterogeneous.

8. stainless steel

9. granite

10. air

11. blood

12. hand lotion

13. oil and water

14. wild bird seed

15. chunky peanut butter

16. dirt

17. vinegar

18. gasoline

Identify the technique you would use to separate each mixture.

19. two substances with different boiling points

20. sand from water


Label each picture as an element, compound, mixture of elements, mixture of compounds,mixture of element(s) and compound(s).

Name Date Class

20 Classification of Matter

Section 1 ■ Composition ofMatter

Directions: Choose the correct category from the list for each item. Each category will be used more than once.

1. chalk

2. copper

3. granite

4. vinegar

5. pond

6. water

7. salt

8. permanent press fabric

9. soft drink

10. paint

11. gold

12. a river delta

13. fog

14. gelatin

15. lead

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Directed Reading for

Content Mastery

Meeting Individual Needs

17Chapter

a. element

b. compound

c. suspension

d. heterogeneous mixture

e. homogeneous mixture

f. colloid

Directions: Complete the sentences by writing the letters of the correct terms on the lines provided.

16. All substances are built from _____ .

a. elements c. metalb. atom d. salt

17. A beam of light can be seen as it passes through a(n) _____ .

a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound

18. A _____ is a homogenous mixture of particles so small they cannot be

seen and will not settle to the bottom of their container.

a. colloid c. elementb. solution d. compound

JBELLAND

Cross-out

1. Compare (same) and contrast (different) a substance and a mixture.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

2. Compare and contrast an element and a compound.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Compare and contrast a colloid and a suspension.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

4. Compare and contrast a solution and a heterogeneous mixture.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

Name: Date:

Matter—Properties and Changes

CHAPTER 3

5

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Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKS Chemistry: Matter and Change

Use the tables below to answer questions 1and 2.

1 The tables show the chemical analyses of twocompounds: baking soda and sodium bicarbonate.Because they have the same percent by mass, theymust be the same compound according to the —

A law of definite proportions

B law of multiple proportions

C law of conservation of energy

D law of conservation of mass

2 If baking soda and sodium bicarbonate are the samecompound, then the mass of carbon in 200.00 g ofbaking soda should be —

A 7.15 g

B 14.30 g

C 28.60 g

D 57.20 g

3 Which of these phase changes does NOT involve theabsorption of heat energy?

A Boiling

B Condensation

C Melting

D Vaporization

4 In the periodic table, a series of elements that isarranged in a horizontal row is called a —

A cluster

B family

C period

D group

5 Distillation is a separation technique that involves —

A using a porous barrier to separate a solid from aliquid

B separating dissolved substances based on theirtendency to be drawn across a surface

C the formation of pure, solid particles of asubstance from a solution containing thedissolved substance

D separating two or more liquids based ondifferences in their boiling points

Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass

Baking Soda Analysis

Oxygen 114.20 g 57.1%Sodium 54.80 g 27.4%

Hydrogen 2.40 g 1.2%Carbon ? 14.3%Total 200.00 g 100%

Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass

Sodium Bicarbonate Analysis

Oxygen 28.55 g 57.1%Sodium 13.70 g 27.4%

Hydrogen 0.60 g 1.2%

Carbon 7.15 g 14.3%Total 50.00 g 100%

This question covers TEKS 4A and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 75.

This question covers TEKS 4C. Thisquestion tests the material that wascovered in the textbook on page75.

This question covers TEKS 4C and 5C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 61.

This question covers TEKS 4D. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 70.

This question covers TEKS 4B and 4C. This questiontests the material that was covered in the textbookon page 69.

Use the diagram below to answer questions 6and 7.

6 The diagram shows a chemical equation representinga chemical reaction. The name and mass of eachsubstance involved in the chemical reaction are alsoshown. Which of these are the reactants?

A HCl and NaOH

B NaCl and H2O

C HCl and H2O

D NaOH and NaCl

7 According to the law of conservation of mass, massis neither created nor destroyed in any process. Onthe basis of this law, what mass of water wasproduced in this reaction?

A 16.0 g

B 18.0 g

C 20.0 g

D 22.0 g

8 Characteristics of a substance can be classified asphysical properties or chemical properties. Which ofthe following is a chemical property?

A Boils at 56ºC

B Tastes sour

C Has a density of 2.9 g/cm3

D Reacts with acid to produce hydrogen gas

Use the diagrams below to answer question 9.

9 Each diagram shows the particles of a substance in aclosed container. Which of these shows thesubstance that is most easily compressed?

A Q

B R

C S

D T

Q R S T

36.5 g

HClhydrochloric

acid

40.0 g

NaOHsodium

hydroxide

58.5 g

NaClsodiumchloride

? g

H Owater

+ + 2

6

CHAPTER 3 Matter—Properties and Changes, continued

Reviewing Chemistry: Mastering the TEKSChemistry: Matter and Change

Name: Date:

Copyright ©

Glencoe/M

cGraw

-Hill, a division of T

he McG

raw-H

ill Com

panies, Inc.

This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpage 62.

This question covers TEKS 5B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 63–65.

This question covers TEKS 4A. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 56–58.

This question covers TEKS 4B. This question teststhe material that was covered in the textbook onpages 58–59.

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matter—properties and changes · study guide for content mastery chemistry: matter and change •...

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