material science and engineering.pptx

7/24/2019 Material science and engineering.pptx

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MATERIAL SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING


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HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AGES OF MAN WE SURVIVE BASED ON THE MATERIALS WE CONT

STONE AGE NATURALLY OCCURRING MATERIALS SPECIAL ROCKS, SKINS, WOOD

BRONZE AGE CASTING AND FORGING

IRON AGE HIGH TEMPERATURE FURNACES

STEEL AGE

HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS NON-FERROUS AND POLYMER AGE

ALUMINUM, TITANIUM AND NICKEL (SUPERALLOYS) AEROS SILICON INFORMATION PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES FOOD PRESERVATION, HOUSI

AEROSPACE AND HIGHER SPEEDS EOTIC MATERIALS AGE!

NANO-MATERIAL AND BIO-MATERIALS THEY ARE COMING A"


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WHAT IS MATERIALS SCIENCE ANENGINEERING!

MATERIALS SCIENCE

- INVOLVES INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIPS THAT EIST BET

STRUCTURESAND PROPERTIESOF MATERIALS

MATERIALS ENGINEERING

- IS, ON THE BASIS OF THESE STRUCTUREPROPERTY CORRELAT

DESIGNING OR ENGINEERING THE STRUCTURE OF A MATERIAL TO PRPREDETERMINED SET OF PROPERTIES


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WHAT IS MATERIAL SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING!

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

-(MSE) IS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF SCIENCE AND ENGINE

THAT STUDIES AND MANIPULATES THE COMPOSITIONAND STRUCMATERIALS ACROSS LENGTH SCALES TO CONTROL MATERIALS PROPTHROUGH SYNTHESISAND PROCESSING


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COMPOSITION- MEANS THE CHEMICAL MAKE-UP OF A MATERIA

STRUCTURE - MEANS A DESCRIPTION OF THE ARRANGEMENT O

AS SEEN AT DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DETAIL

SYNTHESIS - REFERS TO HOW MATERIALS ARE MADE FROM NA

OCCURRING OR MAN-MADE CHEMICALS#

PROCESSING - MEANS HOW MATERIALS ARE SHAPED INTO U

COMPONENTS TO CAUSE CHANGES IN THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENMATERIALS#


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STRUCTURAL LEVELS

SUBATOMIC STRUCTURE - INVOLVES ELECTRONS WITHIN THE INDIVATOMS AND INTERACTIONS WITH THEIR NUCLEI

ATOMIC LEVEL STRUCTURE -ENCOMPASSES THE ORGANIZATION OF

MOLECULES RELATIVE TO ONE ANOTHER

MICROSCOPIC -THE NET LARGER STRUCTURAL REALM, WHICH CONTA

LARGE GROUPS OF ATOMS THAT ARE NORMALLY AGGLOMERATED TOGETHER

THAT WHICH IS SUB$ECT TO DIRECT OBSERVATION USING SOME TYPE OF M(ALSO KNOWN AS MICROSTRUCTURE)

MACROSCOPIC - STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS THAT MAY BE VIEWED WITH TEYE


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WHAT ARE PROPERTIES!


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PROPERTYIS A MATERIAL TRAIT IN TERMS OF THE

AND MAGNITUDE OF RESPONSE TO A SPECIFIC IMPOSSTIMULU


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% CATEGORIES OF MATERIALS ACCORTO THEIR PROPERTIES

MECHANICAL

'# ELECTRICAL

# THERMAL

# MAGNETIC

*# OPTICAL

%# DETERIORATIVE


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WHAT IS MECHANICAL PROPERTY

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES RELATE DEFORMATION TO AN APPLIED LOFORCE

EAMPLE ARE ELASTIC MODULUS AND STRENGTH

STIMULI ------------- APPLIED LOAD OR FORCE (COMPRESSIVE OR T

REACTION --------- IS THE MATERIAL STIFF, ELASTIC, PLASTIC ETC#


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WHAT IS ELECTRICAL PROPERTY!

FOR ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES RELATES THE MATERIAL BEHAVIOR TOFIELD

(EAMPLES ARE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND DIELECTRICCONSTANT)

STIMULI----------- ELECTRIC FIELD

REACTION -------- DOES IT CONDUCT ELECTRICITY OR NOT! DOSTORE ELECTRIC CHARGE OR NOT! ETC#


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WHAT IS THERMAL PROPERTY!

THERMAL PROPERTY RELATES THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR MATERIALS

APPLIED WITH HEAT

(EAMPLES FOR SOLID, WE HAVE HEAT CAPACITY AND THERMCONDUCTIVITY)

STIMULI------------ HEAT

REACTION-------- IS IT HEAT TOLERANT! DOES IT CONDUCT HE


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WHAT IS MAGNETIC PROPERTY!

MAGNETIC PROPERTIES DEMONSTRATE THE RESPONSE OF A MATE

THE APPLICATION OF A MAGNETIC FIEL

(EAMPLES ARE DIAMAGNEGTIC, PARAMAGNETIC, MAGNETIC)

STIMULI --------- MAGNETIC FIELD

REACTION------ CAN IT BE EASILY MAGNETIZED! ETC


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WHAT ARE OPTICAL PROPERTIES

OPTICAL PROPERTIES RELATES THE REACTION MATERIAL TOWARDSELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OR LIGHT

(EAMPLES+ INDE OF REFRACTION AND REFLECTIVITY

STIMULUS ------------ ELECTROMAGNETIC OR LIGHT RADIATION

REACTION --------- IS IT OPAUE! TRANSPARENT! TRANSLUCEN


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WHAT ARE DETERIORATIVE PROPERT

DETERIORATIVE CHARACTERISTICS INDICATE THE CHEMICAL REACTIVMATERIALS

(EAMPLE IS IF A MATERIAL IS CORROSIVE, ACIDIC, BASIC ETC

STIMULI -------- CHEMICAL IN THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONME

REACTION------- DOES IT CORRODE, CHANGE IN COLOR, ODOR


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THE FOUR COMPONENTS OF THE DISCIPLINE OF MATSCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AND THEIR LINEARINTERRELATIONSHIP#

PROCESSING STRUCTURE PROPERTIES

PERFORMANCE


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WHY STUDY MATERIALS SCIENCE AENGINEERING!

THE IN-SERVICE CONDITIONS MUST BE CHARACTERIZED, FOR THDICTATE THE PROPERTIES REUIRED OF THE MATERIAL

'# ANY DETERIORATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES THAT MAY OCCUSERVICE OPERATION#

# ECONOMICS+ WHAT WILL THE FINISHED PRODUCT COST


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CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS

METALS

'# CERAMICS

# POLYMERS

# COMPOSITES

*# SEMICONDUCTORS%# BIOMATERIALS


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METALS

METALLIC MATERIALS ARE NORMALLY COMBINATIMETALLIC ELEMENTS# THEY HAVE LARGE NUMBERS LOCALIZED ELECTRONS THAT IS, THESE ELECTRONS BOUND TO PARTICULAR ATOMS# MANY PROPERTIES OFARE DIRECTLY ATTRIBUTABLE TO THESE ELECTRONS# MET

ETREMELY GOOD CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRICITY AND HARE NOT TRANSPARENT TO VISIBLE LIGHT A POLISHESURFACE HAS A LUSTROUS APPEARANCE# FURTHERMOREARE UITE STRONG, YET DEFORMABLE, WHICH ACCOUTHEIR ETENSIVE USE IN STRUCTURAL APPLICATIONS#


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CERAMICS

CERAMICS ARE COMPOUNDS BETWEEN METALLNONMETALLIC ELEMENTS THEY ARE MOST FREUENTLYNITRIDES, AND CARBIDES# THE WIDE RANGE OF MATERIAFALLS WITHIN THIS CLASSIFICATION INCLUDES CERAMICSCOMPOSED OF CLAY MINERALS, CEMENT, AND GLAS

MATERIALS ARE TYPICALLY INSULATIVE TO THE PASELECTRICITY AND HEAT, AND ARE MORE RESISTANTTEMPERATURES AND HARSH ENVIRONMENTS THAN MEPOLYMERS# WITH REGARD TO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR, ARE HARD BUT VERY BRITTLE


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POLYMERS

POLYMERS INCLUDE THE FAMILIAR PLASTIC AND MATERIALS# MANY OF THEM ARE ORGANIC COMPOUNARE CHEMICALLY BASED ON CARBON, HYDROGEN, ANNONMETALLIC ELEMENTS FURTHERMORE, THEY HAVLARGE MOLECULAR STRUCTURES# THESE MATERIALS T

HAVE LOW DENSITIES AND MAY BE ETREMELY FLEIBL


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COMPOSITES

A NUMBER OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS HAVE BEEN ENGTHAT CONSIST OF MORE THAN ONE MATERIAL TYPE# FIBIS A FAMILIAR EAMPLE, IN WHICH GLASS FIBERS ARE EWITHIN A POLYMERIC MATERIAL# A COMPOSITE IS DESDISPLAY A COMBINATION OF THE BEST CHARACTERISTIC

OF THE COMPONENT MATERIALS# FIBERGLASS STRENGTH FROM THE GLASS AND FLEIBILITY FROM THE# MANY OF THE RECENT MATERIAL DEVELOPMENTS HAVD COMPOSITE MATERIAL


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SEMICONDUCTORS

SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTORS HAVE ELPROPERTIES THAT ARE INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN THE ELCONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS# FURTHERMORELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THESE MATERIAETREMELY SENSITIVE TO THE PRESENCE OF

CONCENTRATIONS OF IMPURITY ATOMS, CONCENTRATIONS MAY BE CONTROLLED OVER VERSPATIAL REGIONS# THE SEMICONDUCTORS HAVE MADE THE ADVENT OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITRY THAT HAS REVOLUTIONIZED THE ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER IND


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BIOMATERIALS

BIOMATERIALS ARE EMPLOYED IN COMPONENTS IMPLANTTHE HUMAN BODY FOR REPLACEMENT OF DISEADAMAGED BODY PARTS# THESE MATERIALS MUST NOT TOIC SUBSTANCES AND MUST BE COMPATIBLE WITTISSUES (I#E#, MUST NOT CAUSE ADVERSE BIO

REACTIONS)# METALS, CERAMICS, POLYMERS, COMPOSITSEMICONDUCTORS.MAY BE USED AS BIOMATERIALS


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ADVANCED MATERIALS

MATERIALS THAT ARE UTILIZED IN HIGH-TECHNOLOGY (OR HIGH-TECAPPLICATIONS ARE SOMETIMES TERMED ADVANCED MATERIALS# BY TECHNOLOGY WE MEAN A DEVICE OR PRODUCT THAT OPERATES ORFUNCTIONS USING RELATIVELY INTRICATE AND SOPHISTICATED PRIN

material science and engineering.pptx

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