MARPOL Annex VI

TRIPARTITE

TOKYO

20th SEPTEMBER 2007

IMO & UNILATERAL LEGISLATION ON LOW SULPHUR MARINE FUELS

DATE SHIP TYPE WHERE max. % S REG.

19.05.2005 All Everywhere 4.5 IMO

19.05.2006 All Baltic Sea 1.5 IMO & EU

11.08.2006 All All EU PortsMGO (DMA and DMX)MDO (DMB and DMC)

0.21.5

EU

11.08.2006 Passenger ships EU 1.5 EU

1.01.2007 All aux. & diesel-electric main engines on all ships

24 miles off California shoreMGO (DMA grade)MDO (DMB grade)

-0.5

CARB

11.08.2007 All North Sea & English Channel 1.5 EU

22.11.2007 All North Sea & English Channel 1.5 IMO

1.01.2010 All All EU ports 0.1 EU

1.01.2010 Inland waterway ships All EU inland waterways 0.1 EU

1.01.2010 All aux. & diesel-electric main engines on all ships

24 miles off California shoreMGO (DMA grade) 0.1

CARB

1.01.2012 16 Greek ferries Greek ports 0.1 EU

ALTERNATIVES on SOx & PM

• A. Base Line - No change in SOx regulations• B. Global + Regional (SECA) + port (mini

SECAs) different S cap values:– (possible lower) Global S cap & lower S cap in

SECAs

– USA – [0.1%] S cap up to [200] nm from shore– BIMCO proposal – 3% global S cap; 1% 0.5% MDO

in SECAs or scrubbers

• C. GLOBAL S CAP (no SECA) :– Mandate 1% 0.5% MDO for all ships– Global S cap or emissions limit but leave the

industry to choose compliance method

EXPERIENCE WITH SECA

• So far, complinace by LSFO

• Switch from HFO to LSFO depends on the ship’s bunker storage capacity and lay-out

• Standard designs (1 settling & 1 service tanks) provide little flexibility

• Depending on initial S % of the HFO, fuel switch in at least 48 hrs

• 60 hours from HFO with 4.04% S to LSFO with 1.3% S

SWITCH SEQUENCE IN BASIC DESINGS

• Stop HFO transfer from storage to settling tanks (1 to 3 days prior to entry into SECA)

• Settling tank empty – start transfer of LSFO to the settling tank

• Service tanks almost empty of HFO – start feeding LSFO from settling tank (some 6 hours before entry into SECA)

• Cylinder oil feeding rate adjusted or switch to a lower BN cylinder oil

• Continuous crew attendance/monitoring

Wärtsila – Low Sulphur Guidelines, 9 January 2006

FUEL SWITCH OVERBETTER SOLUTIONS

• Simpler for ships with 2 settling & 2 service tanks (few hours)

• Complete segregation between HFO & LSFO systems reduces the fuel switch over to matter of minutes and permits automatic control

• Complete segregation = no risk of incompatibility between HFO & LSFO blends

Wärtsila – Low Sulphur Guidelines, 9 January 2006

SECAs & CHANGE OVER AREAS

AUGUST 2007

MAY2006

Source: http://maps.google.com/

ChangeoverArea

SECAs & CHANGE OVER AREAS

New Changeover Area

Source: http://maps.google.com/

2012?

2012? ??????

HOW MANY MORE SECAs?

IMPACT ON A LARGE NUMBER OF SHIPS

2012?

2012?

Wärtsila – Low Sulphur Guidelines, 9 January 2006

Wärtsila – Low Sulphur Guidelines, 9 January 2006

SCRUBBERS

- large space required in the ship’s funnel;

- for a main engine of 20 MW, sea water up to 22,000 t/day need to be processed (45t/hr/MW*)

- up to 100 kg/day of hazardous sludge (5kg/day/MW*)

Scrubbers for Pride of Kent

* data supplied by Krystallon

CONCLUSIONS

• Alternative solutions may require new installations and new operations

• Design standardisation for safe & simpler operation

• Expected contributions from:– Ship operators– Ship designers – Classification Soceities

• Future Tripartite cooperation