Mapping of Malaria vector insecticide resistance in Sudan

By Khalid Babiker Moh. Ah.

July 2012 BNNICD

Top outlineIntroduction Insecticide Use In Public healthDefinition Insecticide Resistance History of insecticide resistance Malaria Vectors in Sudan Mapping Findings

Introduction

Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors is a growing concern in many countries which requires immediate attention because of the limited chemical arsenal available for vector control.

The current extent and distribution of this resistance in many parts of the continent is unknown and yet such information is essential for the planning of effective malaria control interventions

Insecticide Use In Public health

No new insecticides for 20 years Wad Medani Ins Res.ppt

History of insecticide resistance

insecticide resistance is not new –First observed in 1887 Scale insects resistant to sprays of kerosene –House fly populations were found to be

resistant to DDT by 1947 –Resistance identified to all introduced

insecticide groups within 2 –20 years–By 2006; 7400 of resistance cases occurred in

550 species

in Sudan Insecticide Resistance

The first insecticide resistance to DDT in East African was Sudan in Al Guneind sugar scheme(1972)

In central Sudan A. arabienisis has been found to be resistance to several insecticides :BHC and DDT (1972) Malathion (1983)

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Malaria Vectors in Sudan

Anopheles arabiensis: all over country, arid zones,

Anopheles gambiae: more humid &

forested habitats, Anopheles funestus : more humid &

forested habitat, Anopheles pharoensis & Anopheles nili: potential vectors

Findings

These findings have serious implications for the malaria control programmes in this states of Sudan since they depend largely on the use of pyrethroid insecticides for indoor residual spraying and for insecticide-treated bednets.

At present only pyrethroids are used in the treating of bednets.

It is not known, however, how this finding will affect the impact of ITNs since kill is not the only method of protection with this strategy.

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Findings

For indoor residual spraying, bendiocarb (carbamates) could be used as a possible alternative.

Issues of cost and appropriate application by spray teams would have to be taken into Consideration

. Furthermore, the rotational use of insecticides should be part of a resistance management strategy

References

1. Hemingway J, Ranson H:Insecticide resistance in insect vectors of human disease. Annual Review of Entomology 2000,45:371.

2. Coleman M, Hemingway J: Insecticide resistance monitoring and evaluation in disease transmitting mosquitoes. Journal of Pest Science 2007,32(2):69-76.

3. Hemingway J, Hawkes NJ, Mc Carroll L, Ranson H: The molecular basis of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes. Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2004,34:653-65

Thanks