manual - fm 200 flow calc

FM-200™

ENGINEERED SYSTEMS

DESIGN & FLOW CALCULATION MANUALFor use with Chemetron FM-200 Flow Calculation Program CHEM-200

Issued November 15, 1995

Revision K

Revised May 26, 2006

Manual Part Number 30000034

FM-200™ ENGINEERED SYSTEMSDESIGN & FLOW CALCULATION MANUAL

S/N 30000034

ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page i

Contents

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiLIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiiREVISION PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ivFOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viGENERAL COMMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

1 FM-200 SYSTEM DESIGN 1

1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.2 Agent Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.3 The Piping System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41.4 The Discharge Nozzle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 FLOW CALCULATIONS 12

2.1 Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.2 Design Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 Nozzle and Piping Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172.4 Hydraulic Flow Calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.5 Two-Phase Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

APPENDIX 53

Example 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Example 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Example 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Example 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Example 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79Example 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85


S/N 30000034

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION PAGE NO.1.2.4.1A Graph: FM-200 Calculated cylinder Pressure vs.

Percent of Agent Supply Discharged . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.2.4.1B Graph: FM-200 Cylinder Discharge Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3.2 Graph: FM-200 Pipiline Densities vs. Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 1.3.3 Graph: FM-200 Agent Temperature vs. Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.3.7A Graph: Sample Bull Head Tee Test - No Correction forMechanical Separation Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.3.7B Graph: Sample Side-thru Tee Tests - Effect of MechanicalPhase Separation on side Branch Discharge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

1.4.1 Graph: FM-200 Specific Nozzle Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.4.2 Graph: Chemetron FM-200 8 Port Nozzle Efficiencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 1.4.5 Graph: FM-200 Cylinder Pressure Recession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.4.6 Graph: FM-200 Mid-Discharge Storage Pressure vs.

Percent of Agent in Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1.1.5 Graph: Minimum Flow Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.1.1.6A Orientation of Tees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2.1.1.6B Minimum Distance From Elbow to Tee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2.3A Plan View - Above Floor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.3B Plan View - Underfloor System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.4.1 Flow Calc Program Screen View - System Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.4.1.1.A Flow Calc Program Screen View - Project Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.4.1.1.B Flow Calc Program Screen View - Revision Version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4.1.1.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Cylinder Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.4.1.1.D2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Configuration Variables - Altitude . . . . . . . . . 24 2.4.1.1.D3 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Configuration Variables - Calc Increment . . . 25

2.4.1.2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Hazard Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 2.4.1.2.A2 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Class B fuels list . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

2.4.1.3 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.1.3.A3 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Nozzle Reference Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.1.3.A7 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.4.1.3.A8 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.4.1.3.A9 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.4.1.3.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Orifices . . . . . 34 2.4.1.4.A Flow Calc Program Screen View - Calculation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4.1.4.B Flow Calc Program Screen View - Nozzle Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.4.1.4.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Hazard Concentration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.4.1.4.D Flow Calc Program Screen View - Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43


LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIGURE NUMBER DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATION PAGE NO.

S/N 30000034

ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page iii

2.4.1.5 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2.4.1.5.C Flow Calc Program Screen View - Configure Printer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 2.4.1.5.D Flow Calc Program Screen View - Printer Font Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2.4.3.1 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Load Data File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 2.4.5 Flow Calc Program Screen View - Volume/Weight/Concentration

Calculator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NUMBER DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.2.4.1.1.C Cylinder Capacity Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2.4.1.3A8 Pipe Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Fitting Equivalent Length Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Cylinder/Check Valve Equivalent Length Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3/8" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 3/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 1-1/4" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 1-1/2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2" 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40


S/N 30000034

ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page iv

REVISION SHEETDate of issue for original and revised pages is:

Original . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 15, 1995Revision 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 10, 1996Revision 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 17, 1996Revision 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Revision 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997Revision A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 20, 1998Revision B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . July 31, 1999Revision B-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 10, 2000Revision C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 5, 2001Revision D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 17, 2001Revision E . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Revision F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 15, 2001Revision G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 4, 2002Revision H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 23, 2003Revision I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Revision J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 1, 2005Revision K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006

Section Number Page Numbers Revision DateTitle Page (blank) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004List of Illustrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii - iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 5, 2001Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006General Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006Section 1.0 - 1.1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 1.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 1.1.4 - 1.2.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 - 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 1.2.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 - 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 17, 1996Section 1.3 - 1.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Section 1.3.2 - 1.3.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 - 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 1.3.5 - 1.3.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 - 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Section 1.4 - 1.4.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 1.4.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 20, 1998Section 1.4.3 - 1.4.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 - 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Section 1.4.7 - 1.4.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 10, 1996Section 2.0 - 2.1.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Section 2.1.1.1 - 2.1.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . October 17, 1996Section 2.1.1.4 - 2.1.1.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 - 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 2.1.1.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 2.1.1.9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 2.1.1.10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 2.1.1.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001


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REVISION SHEETSection Number Page Numbers Revision Date

Section 2.2.1 - 2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . April 4, 1997Section 2.3.1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 - 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 2.3 (Figures 2.3A & 2.3B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0Section 2.3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997Section 2.3.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . June 26, 2001Section 2.3.4 - 2.3.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 - 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997Section 2.4 - 2.4.1.1.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 - 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Table 2.4.1.1.C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006Section 2.4.1.1.C - 2.4.1.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 - 32 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Section 2.4.1.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . May 26, 2006Section 2.4.1.3 - 2.4.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 - 50 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Section 2.4.6 - 2.5.1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 - 52 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . January 5, 2001Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . November 1, 1997Appendix - Example #1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 - 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Appendix - Example #2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 - 66 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Appendix - Example #3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 - 72 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Appendix - Example #4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 - 78 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Appendix - Example #5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 - 84 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004Appendix - Example #6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 - 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . February 16, 2004


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ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page vi

A World of Protection

4801 Southwick Drive, 3rd FloorMatteson, IL 60443Phone 708/748-1503 • Fax 708/748-2847Customer Service Fax 708/748-2908

Foreword

Chemetron Fire Systems reserves the right to revise and improve its products as it deems necessary withoutnotification. This publication is intended to describe the state of this product at the time of its publication, and maynot reflect the product at all times in the future. The software screen prints depicted in this manual are presentedfor reference and example purposes only and may not reflect the most current version of the FM-200 FlowCalculation software (CHEM-200.exe and support files).

This technical manual provides the necessary information for designing and performing flow calculations for aChemetron FM-200 Engineered System. This is a single volume technical manual arranged in 2 sections, fol-lowed by an Appendix.

This publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose, withoutthe express written consent of Chemetron Fire Systems.

Any questions concerning the information presented in this manual should be addressed to the Matteson Office.

Copyright © 2006 Chemetron Fire Systems. All Rights Reserved.Chemetron Fire Systems™ and Cardox® are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.

FM-200 is a registered trademark of Chemtura, Inc..


S/N 30000034

ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page vii

General Comments

FM-200 Systems using concentrations below 6.25% are not UL & ULC Listed nor Factory MutualApproved.

UL, ULC & FM Approvals require multiple tiers of nozzles for heights above 16' 0" (4.88 M).

The calculation method used by Chemetron Fire systems has been investigated using A-53, Schedule40 pipe and 300 lb malleable iron fittings for test installations.

When specified limitations noted in this manual and in the Chemetron software are not maintained,there is the risk that the system will not supply the required amount of extinguishing agent.

For installation, design, operation and maintenance of Chemetron Fire Systems FM-200 FireSuppression Systems, please refer to the Alpha Series Engineered Systems Design, Installation,Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000050, Beta & Gamma Series EngineeredSystems Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000030, andthe Sigma Series Engineered Systems Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual,Part Number 30000049.

For installation, design, operation and maintenance of Chemetron Fire Systems FM-200 Fire ProtectionSystems for Marine Service, please refer to the Marine Service (with Nitrogen Actuation) Design,Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number 30000064 and the Marine Service(with CO2 Actuation) Design, Installation, Operation and Maintenance Manual, Part Number30000047.


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ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page viii


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ISSUED: 11/15/95 Rev. K REVISED: 5/26/2006 Page 1

1 FM-200 SYSTEM DESIGN

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 DecompositionAn adverse characteristic of FM-200 is that it will decompose into toxic and corrosive byproducts ifexposed to fire or to objects heated above 1,300°F (704°C). Such decomposition is kept at a negligiblelevel by rapidly discharging the agent so as to extinguish the flames promptly. This minimizes the quantityof agent that passes through a flame front at concentrations too low for flame extinguishment. Theproblem of FM-200 decomposition has led to a requirement in NFPA 2001 that discharge of 95 percentof the agent mass needed to achieve minimum design concentration be discharged within 10 seconds.This 10 second discharge time requirement is very important in hazards where flammable liquids arelikely to be the fuel.

1.1.2 Design DifficultiesThe requirement for a rapid discharge makes it more difficult to adequately mix or distribute FM-200in the hazard area, but proper nozzle and orifice design can overcome this problem. The two-phasenature of the FM-200 agent as it flows through pipes and orifices complicates the design of agent dis-tribution piping networks. The use of a computer program overcomes this difficulty. The “two-phase”compressible nature of agent flow also demands that piping installations are done in rigorous conformanceto the system design parameters. Such things as pipe that is rougher than the norm or the addition ofunanticipated changes in pipe direction can introduce performance problems - especially if the systemis “unbalanced” and intended to simultaneously flood separate compartments. Simple piping layoutshelp overcome this difficulty.

1.1.3 Flow CalculationPipe and nozzles for Chemetron FM-200 systems are sized using a computer program. The programis based on recognized hydraulic theory and the results of the program have been verified in rigorouslaboratory tests. Calculations made with this program have been checked by FM Approvals, UL, andULC to assure accuracy and determine the limitations beyond which it is not practicable to predict resultsaccurately. The calculations are based on an ambient cylinder temperature of 70°F ±10°F (21.1°C ±5.5°C).Therefore, the cylinder shall be located in a climate controlled environment to ensure a temperatureconsistently within this range. Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are not maintainedwithin this range may not be accurate and the designed quantities of agent may not be discharged fromone or more discharge nozzles.

1.1.4 System CheckWhile the basic computer program used for calculating pipe and orifice sizes cannot be checked bymanual means, there is a definite need to check the input information upon which the calculation is based.Since there may be inadvertent or necessary changes due to on-site job conditions, it is also essentialto check the system as calculated against the system as installed. All of this does not preclude thedesirability of an actual discharge test on the installed system to check for unanticipated circumstancesthat might influence overall system performance.


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1.2 Agent Characteristics

1.2.1 Pressure vs. TemperatureFor optimum pipeline flow characteristics over the entire range of possible ambient temperatures, it isnecessary to superpressurize the agent with another gas such as nitrogen. At the present time, onepressurization level is permitted: 360 psig measured at 70°F (25.8 bar at 21.1°C).

1.2.2 Nitrogen SuperpressureWhen a storage container is pressurized with nitrogen, some of the nitrogen goes into solution in theliquid phase. The volume of the liquid phase increases slightly because of the addition of nitrogen, whichbehaves as though it were liquefied. The remainder of the nitrogen remains in the vapor phase whereit combines with the partial pressure of FM-200 vapor to produce the desired level of pressurization whenthe system is in equilibrium at 70°F (21.1°C). If the ambient temperature rises, the pressure will increaseand the volume of the liquid portion will also increase.

1.2.3 System DischargeThe delivery of FM-200 into the hazard area is accomplished by means of a piping network that terminatesin one or more specially designed discharge nozzles. In order to best study the discharge of FM-200from the storage cylinder to the hazard area, it is desirable to consider the delivery system in three parts:the storage container, the piping system, and the discharge nozzle.

1.2.4 The Storage CylinderWhen the storage cylinder is open to the pipeline, pressure in the cylinder will force liquid from the bottomof the cylinder into the piping network. As the liquid is discharged, the pressure in the cylinder will dropand the volume of the vapor phase will increase. With the drop in pressure, nitrogen gas comes outof solution with the liquid and forms bubbles. These bubbles are not pure nitrogen, but contain propor-tionate amounts of FM-200 vapor, depending upon the partial pressure relationship. Thus, the liquidwill boil vigorously during the discharge and supply additional gas to maintain pressure in the vapor phase.If this were not so, the discharge pressure would drop drastically, since it would have to depend onlyon the expansion of the gas in the vapor space for its pressure.

1.2.4.1 Pressure Recession

Pressure recession curves for filling densities of 35, 40, 50, 60, and 70 lbs./cu.ft. have been calculatedand are plotted in Figure 1.2.4.1A. These calculated pressure recession curves are based upon anassumption of thermodynamic equilibrium between the liquid and vapor phases in the storage cylinder.In an actual system discharge, a sharp drop in pressure is noted during the initial rush of liquid into thepipeline. Figure 1.2.4.1B shows actual pressure versus time data taken during an FM-200 discharge.The cylinder pressure initially falls below the pressure calculated for the equilibrium condition. This effectis due to a time lag between the initial depressurization and the boiling of the liquid in the storagecontainer. As soon as the liquid begins to boil violently forming vapor bubbles, the surface area of theliquid-vapor interface increases at a tremendous rate and the cylinder pressure recovers to follow thepressure recession curves for saturation equilibrium. It is assumed that virtually all of the vapor formedby boiling in the cylinder remains in the cylinder during the discharge and only the liquid phase entersthe pipeline. Depending upon the initial fill density, between 92% and 97% of the total contents isdischarged as liquid, with the remaining agent following as a residual vapor phase.


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FM200 CYLINDER PRESSURE RECESSION

0

50

100

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200

250

300

350

400

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

PERCENT DISCHARGED

PRES

SUR

E (P

SIA

)

70 LB./CU.FT. 60 LB./CU. FT. 50 LB./CU. FT. 40 LB./CU. FT. 30 LB./CU.FT.

Figure 1.2.4.1A Calculated pressure in the storage container versus the percent of agent supply discharged from the container isplotted for the 360 psig system.

Figure 1.2.4.1B Pressure versus time data taken during an actual FM-200 discharge at 70 lbs/cu.ft. fill density.


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Figure 1.3.2 Calculated pipeline densities plotted versus pipeline pressure for increments of liquid leaving the cylinder atvarious stages during a discharge.

1.3 The Piping System

1.3.1 Pipeline FlowThe liquid continues to boil because of further pressure drop as it flows through the pipeline. Hence,the agent flowing in the pipeline is a true two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor. Since the volume ofthe vapor phase increases rapidly with the dropping pressure, the average density of the mixture fallsoff from an initial value of about 100 lbs/cu.ft. as it leaves the cylinder to values of 20 lbs/cu.ft. or less,depending upon the pressure at the end of the pipeline. In order to maintain a constant flow rate throughthe pipeline, the velocity must continuously increase and, of course, the rate of pressure drop per footof pipe also increases. Hence, the rate of pressure drop for a given flow rate is not linear as with water,but is a variable depending upon the density existing at the particular point in the pipeline.

1.3.2 Pipeline Density

The density of the two-phase mixture in the pipeline can be calculated on the basis of the thermodynamicproperties of the agent taking into account the effects of the nitrogen used for superpressurization. Thedensity of the agent as it leaves the cylinder varies from the start to the completion of the liquid phaseof the discharge. The starting density is lowest for the first portion of liquid to leave the cylinder andbecomes progressively greater until the final portion of liquid leaves the cylinder. Figure 1.3.2 shows


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Figure 1.3.3 Calculated agent temperature versus pressure as agent flows through pipeline.

the density-pressure curves for increments of liquid leaving the cylinder at various stages during thedischarge of a 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage container. Curves are shown for the 50th percentile to leavethe cylinder (pipe holds 0% of the agent supply) and the 97th percentile to leave the cylinder (pipe holdsapproximately 50% of the agent supply during discharge). The pipeline pressure density condition iscalculated based on the actual percent agent held in the pipe during discharge. If necessary, “percentin the pipe” values other than 0% and 50% are found by extrapolation.

1.3.3 Temperature

As the agent flows from the cylinder into the pipeline, the drop in cylinder pressure is accompanied bya drop in temperature. Figure 1.3.3 is a plot of agent temperature versus pressure in the cylinder duringthe discharge of a 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage container filled to 70 lb/ft3 (1121.3 kg/m3). As the agentflows down the pipeline, the additional drop in pressure is likewise accompanied by a further drop inthe agent temperature. The net effect is the introduction of a cold liquid into the pipeline at ambienttemperature.


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1.3.4 Initial Vapor TimeAfter the cylinder valve opens, there is a brief period of time during which the air in the pipeline isdischarged from the nozzles. As FM-200 begins flowing into the pipe, heat is extracted from the pipeuntil the temperature of the pipe is approximately the same as that of the flowing liquid. This effect ismost pronounced at the very beginning of the discharge. For the first few moments of the discharge,virtually all of the liquid entering the pipeline is vaporized before it reaches the discharge nozzles. Themass flow rate for vapor is on the order of one-half the rate for liquid in a given system. Therefore, thisinitial vaporization limits the flow rate until a type of equilibrium condition is achieved between agenttemperature and pipe temperature.

1.3.5 Liquid FlowAt the beginning of the discharge, there will be a time delay between the opening of the cylinder valveand the time at which liquid begins to discharge from the nozzles. This delay in “liquid arrival time” atthe nozzle is due to three physical phenomena: evacuation of air from the pipe, the time needed for thepressure wave to travel from the cylinder outlet to the nozzles, and vaporization of some liquid FM-200due to heat input from the pipe. The delay for each nozzle to begin discharging liquid may vary in anunbalanced system - nozzles close to the cylinder may begin discharging liquid somewhat before moredistant nozzles. After these initial transient conditions, the mass flow rate in the system is relativelyconstant until the last of the liquid phase leaves the cylinder. The last “slug” of liquid leaving the cylinderis propelled by residual vapor in the cylinder. Transient conditions again take effect as the liquid dischargeends and the nozzles discharge the residual vapor. The end of liquid occurs at slightly different timesfor the various nozzles. Nozzles closer to the cylinder generally will stop discharging liquid sooner thanmore distant nozzles.

1.3.6 Phase SeparationAs already noted in paragraph 1.3.1, the liquid phase of the discharge, in reality, contains a mixture ofboth liquid and vapor. In a properly sized pipeline, the velocity will be so great that the flow is in a highlyturbulent state and the liquid and vapor phases will be uniformly mixed. However, if the pipe size is toolarge for the flow rate, the liquid and vapor phase may tend to separate. If such separation does occur,the pipeline flow pattern will take one of two forms - both of them very undesirable: 1) alternate slugsof liquid and vapor will flow through the pipe; or 2) the liquid phase will run along the bottom of the pipelinewhile the vapor phase flows above it. If such separation were to occur in a branch line leading directlyto a nozzle, the discharge from that nozzle would be sporadic due to the alternate flow of the liquid andvapor phases. The computerized flow calculation also uses a friction factor for system piping that isbased on turbulent flow conditions. In order to help assure turbulent flow, minimum flow rates arespecified based on pipe diameter. The minimum flow rates are tabulated in paragraph 2.1.1.5.

1.3.7 “Mechanical” Separation at TeesEven in a properly sized pipe, preferential flow of liquid and vapor agent has been observed at tees.Due to centripetal effects, more of the liquid phase tends to flow into the “minor flow” branch of a bullheadtee. At a side-thru tee, more liquid tends to flow into the thru branch. Figure 1.3.7A shows this effectas reflected in the quantity of agent discharged from nozzles supplied by a bullhead tee. Figure 1.3.7Bshows the effect of mechanical separation on the quantity of agent discharged from nozzles fed by aside-thru tee.


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Figure 1.3.7A The effects of “mechanical” separation as reflected in the quantity of agent discharged from nozzlessupplied by a bullhead tee.

Figure 1.3.7B The effect of “mechanical” separation on the quantity of agent discharged from nozzles fed by a side-thru tee.


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FM200 70 LB/CU FT FILL DENSITY SPECIFIC NOZZLE FLOW RATES

0

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0 50 100 150 200 250

PRESSURE (PSIA)

SPEC

IFIC

RA

TE (L

B/S

EC/S

Q IN

)

50% LEAVING CYLINDER0% IN PIPE

97%47%

Figure 1.4.1

1.4 The Discharge NozzleThe discharge nozzle is the ultimate device that delivers the agent to the hazard area. The nozzle flowrate is dependent upon the velocity, pressure and density of the agent as it enters the nozzle. The flowrate from any nozzle device is limited to the amount of flow that the pipeline can deliver to the nozzle.

1.4.1 Maximum Pipeline FlowThe maximum flow rate that can be carried by a pipe at a given velocity, pressure and density conditionis determined by the laws of energy conservation. Figure 1.4.1 shows calculated maximum pipelinespecific flow rates as a function of total nozzle pressure for the 360 psig (25.8 bar) storage condition.The densities used for this calculation correspond to the average pipeline densities for the various systemswith a factor added to compensate for velocity effects. These figures represent the maximum flow ratesthat might be expected from an open-end pipe at the given pressures. Any orifice attached to the endof a pipe will necessarily restrict the flow rate to something less than these maximum figures.


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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

PERCENT PIPE AREA

EFFI

CIE

NC

Y (%

)

CHEMETRON FM200 8 PORT NOZZLE

1/4" NPT NOZZLE

Figure 1.4.2 Nozzle efficiencies for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle are related to the ratio of total orifice area to feed-pipe area. SeeNote in Paragraph 1.4.2.

1.4.2 Nozzle RatingNozzles are rated in terms of their efficiency relative to “perfect” flow from an open ended pipe. Thus,all nozzle rates will fall between 0 and 100 percent. It is not possible to increase the rate of flow froma pipeline by attaching a nozzle. Hence, it is impossible to have a nozzle with efficiency greater than100. Because of geometry considerations for the Chemetron 8 port nozzle, the maximum ratio of nozzleorifice area to feed pipe area is limited to 85% for all nozzles except the 1/4" NPT nozzle. The limit is75% for the 1/4" NPT nozzle. This information has been plotted in Figure 1.4.2.

NOTE

THE 1/4" NOZZLES ARE NOT UL LISTED OR FM APPROVED.

1.4.3 Nozzle Characteristic CurveTest work using a nozzle with radial discharge ports was done to determine the relationship betweenorifice area, feed pipe area, and nozzle efficiency. The results of this test work are summarized in Figure1.4.2. This figure shows the relationship between the percent of open-end pipeline flow rate permittedby a nozzle and the ratio of actual orifice hole area to feed pipe cross-sectional area. This data is validonly for the Chemetron Fire Systems line of eight port nozzles. Other orifice geometries will yield theirown characteristic code vs. area-ratio curve.


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FM200 CYLINDER PRESSURE RECESSION 70 LB/CU FT FILL DENSITY

0

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250

300

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0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

PERCENT DISCHARGED FROM CYLINDER

PRES

SUR

E (P

SIA

)

20% AGENT IN PIPE

50% AGENT DISCHARGED FROM

THE NOZZLE

MID-DISCHARGE PRESSURE IN CYLINDER

Figure 1.4.5

1.4.4 Average Pressure ConditionsSince the changing conditions in the storage cylinder throughout the discharge are reflected at the nozzle,an average condition for purposes of calculation must be chosen. The volume of piping, however, hasa marked effect on the average pressure, density, and velocity conditions at the nozzle. It is the averageconditions at the nozzles that ultimately determine the quantity and duration of agent discharge fromeach nozzle.

1.4.5 Average Nozzle PressureThe average nozzle pressure is chosen at the point in the discharge when half of the liquid phase ofthe agent has left the nozzle. The pressure drop between the storage container and nozzle should becalculated for this point in time. In order to choose the proper cylinder pressure for this calculation, thequantity of agent that resides in the pipe must be considered. For example, consider a system in which20% of the agent weight resides in the pipeline during equilibrium discharge. When 50% of this liquidphase has been discharged from the nozzle, approximately 70% of the agent will have left the storagecontainer. The pressure in the cylinder at this point in time will be that indicated on the storage pressurerecession curve for the 70% outage condition. Figure 1.4.5 depicts this situation.


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Figure 1.4.6 The mid-discharge pressure in the cylinder during nozzle discharge is a function of the percent of agent supplyneeded to fill the pipeline.

1.4.6 Percent-in-the-PipelineThe calculated average cylinder pressures during discharge are based on the above consideration. Figure1.4.6 shows the relationship between the average pressure in the cylinder during nozzle discharge andthe ratio of the pipe volume to the volume of the agent supply expanded under flowing conditions.This latter quantity shall be referred to simply as the Percent-in-the-Pipe.

1.4.7 Liquid Arrival TimeThe amount of time required for the initial slug of liquid to travel from the cylinder to each of the nozzlesis the Liquid Arrival Time. This time is dependent on both the length of pipe between the cylinder andnozzle and the velocity of liquid in the pipe. The liquid arrival time cannot exceed one (1) second.

1.4.8 Liquid Runout TimeAs the last slug of liquid leaves the cylinder, residual vapor follows. On an unbalanced piping systemthere may be a difference in time at which the liquid-vapor interface reaches the various nozzles. Theprogram limit is set at a two (2) second maximum difference in the liquid runout time.


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2 Flow Calculations

2.1 Design CriteriaThe Chemetron Fire Systems method of flow calculation is embodied in a computer program that iscapable of computing flow to a very high degree of accuracy, provided proper input data is supplied.

2.1.1 LimitationsAny distribution system that does not employ exactly the same actual and equivalent lengths of pipefrom the storage cylinder to each nozzle, and the same orifice sizes for each nozzle has some degreeof system imbalance. Such systems are, however, the rule rather than the exception. Due to structuralcomponents present at the job site, it is often impossible to install perfectly balanced piping systems.However, it is desirable to maintain balanced piping whenever possible.

2.1.1.1 Splits at Bullhead Tees

The mechanical separation of phases that is evidenced at bullhead tees is outside classical thermo-dynamic theory. In order to predict the amount of agent that will be discharged from nozzles fed bybullhead tees, a correction for this phase separation must be incorporated in the flow calculation. Thecorrection is an empirical factor based on a body of laboratory test data. The empirical correction isadequate for bullhead splits with as little as 30% of the flow going to the “minor” branch. Of course, theupper limit of the correction is a balanced, “50-50” split at a bullhead tee.

2.1.1.2 Splits at Side-Thru Tees

A similar empirical correction for side-thru tee phase separation effects is incorporated in the flowcalculation program. The empirical correction is adequate for side branch flows from 10% up to 35%of the incoming flow.

2.1.1.3 Restriction on Pressure at Tee Inlets

The empirical corrections for both bullhead and side-thru tee phase separation are a function of boththe percent of flow going down the respective tee branch lines and the “quality” of agent entering thebranch line. The quality of agent is related to the fraction of vapor versus liquid agent in the turbulentmixture entering the tee. It was found by test and supported by theory that the empirical correctionsbreak down if the pressure at the tee inlet is very close to the pressure in the storage cylinder duringdischarge. The physics of this phenomena are beyond the scope of this manual. The program limitsmaximum tee inlet pressure to 91% of the cylinder pressure during discharge. The minimum ratio oftee inlet pressure to average cylinder pressure during discharge is set at 63%, which is the lowest limitof current test data.

2.1.1.4 Discharge Time

NFPA 2001 currently requires that 95% of the design quantity shall be discharged within 10 secondsor less from start of discharge. A system must, therefore, be designed to meet this criterion unless theauthority having jurisdiction permits a longer discharge time. The Chemetron program is listed for dis-charge times between 5 seconds and 10 seconds.


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FM200 Minimum Flow Rate versus Pipe ID

1 1/4"3/8"

3/4" 2"

3"

4"

5"

6"

0

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300

350

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Pipe ID (inches)

Flow

Rat

e(lb

/sec

)

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20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1600 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Pipe ID (mm)

Flow

Rat

e (k

g/se

c)

2 1/2"

NOTE: Branches leading to discharge nozzles with no intervening flow splits may use flow rates no lower than 60% of the plotted minimum rates.

Labels indicate nominal Schedule 40 Pipe Sizes.

1/2" 1"1 1/2"

Figure 2.1.1.5 Minimum Flow Rates. The pipe that can be used for a given flow rate is based upon the minimum flow raterequired to maintain complete turbulence.

2.1.1.5 Minimum Flow Rates

The pipe friction factor embodied in the energy conservation equation used to calculate pressure dropfor two-phase flow in fire protection systems is based on the premise that highly turbulent flow is presentin the pipeline. Also, a high degree of turbulence must be maintained in pipe sections that approachdividing points. The pipe size that can be used for a given flow rate is thus based upon the minimumflow rate required to maintain complete turbulence. This limitation is shown in Figure 2.1.1.5 andis automatically taken into consideration when the computer selects pipe sizes for the system. Flowrates as low as 60% of the minimum rates on the graph may be used in branch lines that leaddirectly to nozzles with no intervening flow division.

2.1.1.6 Tee Installation

Pipe tees supplying branch lines are to be installed with both outlets discharging horizontally.This is to eliminate any possible effect of gravity upon the degree of liquid-vapor separation. This limitationdoes not apply to manifold piping for groups of cylinders where flow is combining rather than dividing.

There must be a minimum of 10 nominal pipe diameters between an elbow and the inlet to any tee (doesnot apply in manifolds where flow is combining).


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Figure 2.1.1.6A - Orientation of Tees: Tee outlets should be placed in the horizontal plane to minimize gravitational effectson liquid - vapor separation

Figure 2.1.1.6B - Minimum Distance From Elbow to Tee: Minimizes centripetal effects on liquid - vapor separation beforeentering a flow split.


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2.1.1.7 Percent in Pipeline Limit

Tests have shown that flow can be predicted very accurately in systems where the percent in the pipelinedoes not exceed 75%. This limit on the ratio of the pipe volume to the volume of the expanded liquidagent supply, calculated under average flowing conditions, has been set in the computer program. TheUL and ULC limit is 75%; the FM approval limit is 70%.

2.1.1.8 Minimum Nozzle Pressures

Although the flow calculation program is capable of accurately predicting nozzle pressures as low as70 psia (5.82 bar), the minimum nozzle pressure for which the Chemetron 8 port nozzle is approvedis 125 psia (7.60 bar).

If the program is used to calculate an “as-built” system, it will calculate lower nozzle pressures - an erroror warning message will result if pressures below the pressures required for the approval agencies arecalculated.

2.1.1.9 Maximum Orifice Size

The maximum nozzle orifice size that may be used in the system is limited in two ways. First there isa limit on the ratio of actual nozzle orifice area to cross section area of the feed pipe. This ratio is limitedto 85% for all Chemetron 8 port FM-200 nozzles except the 1/4" NPT size. The internal geometries ofthe 1/4" NPT size nozzle are such that the ratio of actual nozzle orifice area to cross sectional area ofthe feed pipe is 75%. NOTE: The 1/4" nozzle is not FM approved or UL listed. This limitation ischecked by the computer and could be checked manually.

A second limitation on nozzle orifice sizing is a limit on the ratio of flow through the nozzle to the theoreticalmaximum flow that the feed pipe branch could carry under the calculated pressure, density andtemperature conditions. This limit is 65% of the maximum feed pipe flow. The computer checks this.

This limitation serves two purposes: 1) it insures that the nozzle, and not the equivalent length of thepipe run, will control the amount of discharge from that nozzle; and 2) it provides an automatic checkagainst calculating systems having nozzle flow rates that cannot be achieved under the calculated terminalpressure conditions.

2.1.1.10 Minimum Orifice Area

The minimum nozzle orifice area ratio relative to the cross section area of feed pipe is 18.3%.

2.1.1.11 Transient Effect Limits

A program limit is set to permit no more than a one second difference between the shortest and longestliquid arrival times at the system nozzles. If the time difference is greater than one second, an errormessage is generated. A similar limit is set for the end of liquid times for the various nozzles in thesystem. If the maximum difference in calculated end of liquid times is greater than two seconds, an errormessage is generated.


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2.2 Design PhilosophyThe basic philosophy underlying the method of flow calculation presented herein is to provide a mathe-matical model of the events that take place during an actual FM-200 discharge. In the final analysis,the main criteria for a good design procedure is that it accurately predict the amount of agentthat each nozzle in the system will discharge. The calculating procedure has been tested and shownto be accurate within plus 10% or minus 10% of the actual distribution. All of the considerations mentionedin the first chapter of this manual are taken into account in the computerized method of system design.The following considerations are also made in the computerized design procedure.

2.2.1 Average Cylinder Pressure During DischargeThe average pressure in the storage containers for purposes of flow calculation is dependent upon boththe cylinder fill density and, as already discussed, percent in the pipe. Calculations may be based uponcylinder fill densities of 35, 40, 50, 60, or 70 lbs/ft3 (560.7, 640.8, 801, 961.2, 1121.4 kg/m3).

2.2.2 Velocity HeadThe velocity of flow is constantly changing as the agent proceeds from the storage cylinder in route tothe nozzles. This conversion of pressure energy to velocity, necessitated by the changing density, isaccounted for in the two-phase flow equation. When a change in pipe size is encountered or when theflow branches, an added change in the velocity of flow must occur. If the velocity is increased, therewill be a drop in pressure to provide the energy needed for acceleration. If the velocity is reduced, aportion of the velocity head energy is converted back to pressure. These changes are over and abovethose accounted for in the two-phase energy conservation equation. Correction for these effects isautomatically made in the computer program.

2.2.3 Elevation ChangesHead pressure corrections are made in each pipe section where a change of elevation takes place.The corrections are based upon the calculated density of the fluid as it enters each such section.

When the elevation difference between outlet tees is in excess of 30 feet (9.1 m), consideration shouldbe given to rerouting piping to reduce the elevation difference between tees. Even though soundengineering theory is used to predict pressure changes due to elevation, no actual testing has beenperformed incorporating the combination of maximum and/or minimum limits with elevations.

1. If nozzles are located above the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference betweenthe container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).

2. If nozzles are only located below the container outlet, then the maximum elevation difference betweenthe container outlet and the furthest horizontal pipe run or discharge nozzle (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).

3. If nozzles are located both above and below the container outlet, then the maximum elevationdifference between the furthest horizontal pipe runs or discharge nozzles (whichever is furthest)shall not exceed 30 feet (9.1 m).


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2.3 Nozzle and Piping LayoutThe first step in designing the piping distribution system is to prepare a layout of nozzle location, storagelocation, and piping on a suitable plan drawing of the hazard. Such a layout is illustrated in Figures 2.3A& 2.3B. Note that the nozzles are installed at the same elevation. The following points should beconsidered:

2.3.1 Nozzle LocationThe Chemetron Fire Systems line of total flooding nozzles was tested to demonstrate adequate distributionover a nominal area of 1,412 ft2 (131.2 m2).

The 360° nozzle cannot be mounted in a corner or against a wall. The maximum discharge radiusis 26.6 ft (8.1 m). A single nozzle may be used to flood a rectangular area of a nominal 1,412ft2 (131.2 m2), with the longest side of this rectangle not to exceed 37 feet 7 inches (11.45 m).Nozzles must be oriented so that a pair of orifice holes parallels the wall of the enclosure.These nozzles should be centered in the area of protection when multiple nozzles are dischargedinto the same hazard.

The maximum throw distance of the 180° nozzle is 37.0 ft (11.3 m). The maximum distance between180° nozzles is 37.6 feet (11.5 m). The maximum coverage distance from the nozzle to a wall is18.8 feet (5.7 m). The 180° nozzle must be installed at no more than 6 inches (15.2 cm) from theenclosure wall and at a maximum of 9.25 inches (23.5 cm) down from the ceiling.

For UL, ULC, and FM Approvals, the maximum enclosure height that may be flooded by a singletier of nozzles is 16 feet (4.88 m) with the nozzle located no more than 9.25 inches (23.5 cm) belowthe ceiling.

Before using a single nozzle at the maximum area or volume rating, consideration should be given towhether the contents of the hazard might be damaged by the resultant high velocity discharge. In hazardssuch as computer rooms or areas where fragile apparatus is stored, the number of nozzles used to floodan area should be increased so as to limit discharge velocities to a safe level. After considering possibledamage to the hazard by the FM-200 discharge and determining a reasonable area [not to exceed 1,412ft2 (131.2 m2)] to be covered by each nozzle, the nozzles should be located. The Chemetron 8 port nozzlesmust be placed in the center of each area. The discharge rate for each nozzle should be based uponflooding the volume protected by that nozzle within the design discharge time.

2.3.2 Underfloor NozzlesThe maximum area of coverage for a single nozzle in an underfloor is likewise 1,412 ft2 (131.2 m2) withthe same limitations on height and positioning noted in the preceding paragraphs. The MINIMUM heightof an underfloor that may be protected is 12 inches (30.5 cm). The coverage possible in an underflooris dependent upon the density of cables, runways, and other equipment that might be present in theunderfloor space. The maximum figures should be used only for underfloors that will be relatively open.This requires some judgment on the part of the designer, but in general, if the horizontal line of sightis more than 70% obstructed in an underfloor, these maximum figures should be reduced by 50%.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.3A Plan View - Above Floor System Figure 2.3B Plan View - Underfloor System

2.3.3 Cylinder Storage LocationIdeally, the storage cylinder should be located in an area where the ambient temperature is at least 60°F(15.6°C). Since systems are designed for a 70°F (21.1°C) storage condition, optimum performancecan be expected if the storage area is kept near 70°F (21.1°C). For unbalanced systems, properdistribution and adequate system performance is approved for storage temperatures of 70°F ±10°F(21.1°C ±5.5°C). Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders are not maintained within thisrange may not be accurate and the required quantities of agent may not be discharged from one or morenozzles.

2.3.4 Pipe RoutingThe piping between storage containers and nozzles should be by the shortest route, with a minimumof elbows and fittings. Every attempt should be made to keep the system in reasonable balance bysupplying the nozzles from a central point, if this can be done without substantially increasing the lengthand volume of the piping. The maximum pipe run permissible will be somewhat proportional to the totalquantity of agent to be discharged. All piping elevation changes should be clearly indicated so that thesewill not be overlooked in flow calculations.


S/N 30000034


2.3.5 Pipe SectionsThe piping system must now be divided into sections and identified for flow calculation purposes. Anisometric sketch of the piping is helpful at this point. (Refer to Figures 2.3A and 2.3B.) Beginning atthe first storage cylinder, the first piping section shall begin at point 1 within the cylinder and terminateat point 2 where the connector from the cylinder joins the cylinder manifold. The next section, beginningat point 2, must include the entire straight portion of the manifold. A new pipe section is identifiedwhenever there is a change of pipe size or flow rate, or an elevation change. Pipe sections terminateat the junction of each tee in the system and tees are included in the sections that follow them. Nozzlesare identified by a series of ID numbers from 301 to 559.

2.4 Hydraulic Flow Calculation Program (CHEM-200)The next step in system design is to provide the necessary design parameters to the computer programto numerically model the FM-200 system accurately. The program, CHEM-200, has been written withinthe Windows™ environment. (It is our assumption that the user has a basic knowledge of this operatingsystem and its operation will not be directly addressed within this manual.) The computer program willestablish pipe sizes, calculate terminal pressures, discharge time, and nozzle drill sizes. The primaryrequirement for a proper calculation is that the system be modeled into the computer correctly. Therefore,the parameters may be printed out as well as the calculation results. This makes it possible to verifythe input data against the intended design parameters and/or the actual installation. It is possible toinput either the flow rate required for each nozzle or the existing nozzle drill sizes.

The Chemetron FM-200 flow calculation program has been divided into three main areas: CommandsAvailable, Output and File Utilities.

NOTE THE CALCULATION INFORMATION CAN BE ENTERED AND DISPLAYED IN US STANDARD OR METRIC UNITS. IT CANBE CONVERTED AT ANY TIME UPON COMMAND BY SIMPLY USING THE METRIC CHECK BOX.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1 Flow Calc Program - Commands Available

2.4.1 Commands AvailableThis area has been subdivided into five categories:

System InformationHazard InformationPiping Model DataCalculate and Display ResultsClear All Current Data

For reference only, a Vol/Lbs/% calculator, a CARDOX valve equivalent length chart, and a minimumflow rate chart have been included.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.1.A Flow Calc Program - Project Data

2.4.1.1 System InformationWithin the System Information screen there are four submenus:

Project DataRevisionCylinder DataConfiguration Variables

A. The Project Data section consists of the following data:

1. Project Number: Reference number

2. Project Name: Name of project or end user

3. Site Location: Installation location

4. Hazard Name: Name of protected hazard.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.1.B Flow Calc Program - Revision Version Data Field

B. Revision: This data field is used to track versions/changes on a specific data file and/or submittal.

C. The Cylinder Data section consists of the following data:

1. Pounds/Cylinder (Kilograms/Cylinder): This data field is used to input the actual amount ofFM-200 required per cylinder.

2. Number of Cylinders: The number of cylinders required to contain the amount of FM-200required for a discharge. This value may be entered by one of two means: the value may bedirectly entered into this field or a value may be selected from the drop-down list, which can beaccessed by clicking onto the arrow at the right of the data field.

3. Cylinder Capacity: This data field is used to input the description of the actual type of cylindersto be used. The nominal cylinder capacity is displayed for the chosen FM-200 cylinder assemblyalong with its minimum and maximum FM-200 cylinder capacity. By clicking on the arrow atthe right of the field, additional cylinder choices may be viewed. User Specified Beta, Gamma,and Sigma can be selected from the list for special cylinder capacities, in which case the cylindervolume capacity will need to be inputted and either the Beta, Gamma, or Sigma valve selected.


S/N 30000034


TABLE 2.4.1.1.C - CYLINDER CAPACITY CHART

CYLINDER

CAPACITY

CYLINDER

CAPACITY

MINIMUM MAXIMUM MINIMUM MAXIMUM

LBS KG LBS KG LBS KG LBS KG

Alpha Cylinders Beta CylindersAlpha 10# 6 2.7 12 5.4 Beta 40# 21 9.5 41 18.6Alpha 20# 12 5.4 23 10.4 Beta 55# 28 12.7 55 24.9

Gamma Cylinders Beta 95# 48 21.8 96 43.5

Gamma 150# 82 37.2 163 73.9 Sigma CylindersGamma 250# 138 62.6 274 124.3 Sigma 600# 304 137.9 607 275.3Gamma 400# 211 95.7 421 191.0 Sigma 750# 455 206.4 910 412.8Gamma 550# 282 127.9 500 226.8 Sigma 1000# 620 281.2 1,000 562.0

NOTE: Chemetron Alpha cylinder/valve assemblies are not UL and ULC listed.

Figure 2.4.1.1.C Flow Calc Program - Cylinder Data

WARNING WHEN THE CYLINDER CAPACITY FIELD FOR “USER SPECIFIED” BETA, GAMMA, AND SIGMA CYLINDERS IS USED,FACTORY MUTUAL APPROVAL AND UL LISTING HAVE BEEN VOIDED.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.1.D2 Flow Calc Program - Configuration Variables - Altitude

4. Max Capacity: This is a read only field and is intended to inform the user of the maximumcapacity of FM-200 to which the cylinder selected may be filled.

5. Pipe Temp: The initial average pipe temperature shall be inputted here to accurately calculatethe vapor portion of the discharge. UL listing and FM approval is based upon a temperatureof 70°F ±10°F (21.1°C ±5.5°C). Calculations performed on systems where the cylinders arenot maintained within this range may not be accurate and the required quantities of agent maynot be discharged from one or more discharge nozzles.

6. Cylinder Volume [ft3 (m3)]: This heading will only appear when either the Beta User Specified,Gamma User Specified, or Sigma User Specified cylinder option is selected. This shall beused to accurately compute the minimum and maximum fills for a unique cylinder.

7. Main/Reserve: Automatically adds the equivalent length of a required check valve for main andreserve systems.

D. The Configuration Variables section consists of the following data:

1. Report Title: The data entered here will appear in the general heading area on all printouts.The intended use is to allow Chemetron distributors to incorporate their company name into theprintouts.

2. Altitude: This data field allows for the installation of a system from -3000 feet (-.914 km) belowsea level up to 10000 feet (3.05 km) above sea level. These values may be selected from thedrop-down list. These values are established in NFPA 2001.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.1.D3 Flow Calc Program - Configuration Variables - Calc Increment

3. Calc Increment (sec): The calculation increment is the method in which the calculation portionof the program adjusts the discharge flow rate. The program is designed to perform calculationsby adjusting the rate of discharge to achieve the desired pounds to each nozzle within 10seconds. In order to optimize the pipe sizes, the program begins at a slower flow rate, a timenearer to 10 seconds. If it finds that the data file does not compute results within knownparameters, the rate will be adjusted and the calculation will be run again. The increments inwhich the program will adjust the rate is directly related to the time the program assumes forthe next calculation run. This data field allows the user to select the incremental time for therecalculation process. The more problematic the system design is, the lower the incrementshould be set. By adjusting the time to a smaller increment, and therefore the discharge rateto a smaller amount for each calculation run, the better the chance for the difficult system toproduce satisfactory results. However, the normal system design will calculate properly withan incremental time of 0.2 seconds. The range is predefined. Additional time increments arenot available to the user.

4. Calculation: The calculation may be performed by either Automatic or Manual means. Theautomatic mode will not allow the user to view the current attempt to solve the data into asatisfactory result and does not require any user interface during the calculation. The manualmode will pause after each attempt to solve the system design parameters. This will allow theuser to view the results - acceptable or not - of the previous calculation run. This manual modemay aid the user in troubleshooting a problematic design.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.2 Flow Calc Program - Hazard Data

5. Nozzle: Allows the choice of either stainless steel or brass nozzles.

6. Exclude Pipe Sizes: When selected, it will force the flow calculation module to ignore a givenpipe size(s).

NOTE DUE TO PRESSURE AND FLOW RATE LIMITATIONS, THIS MAY INCREASE THE DIFFICULTY IN GETTING VALIDCALCULATION RESULTS.

2.4.1.2 Hazard InformationWithin the Hazard Information screen there are three subcategories:

Hazard DataArea DataArea Nozzle List

An example of an area would be a room. All nozzles must be in the same room. Individual data mustbe entered for each area to ensure that the appropriate amount of FM-200 is divided accordingly. Thisportion of the program will model the data for each area. UL and FM Approvals will accept no less thana 6.25% design concentration in any application.

Additional areas may be added to the data list to calculate more than one area simultaneously. Example:room area, underfloor and false ceiling.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.2.A2 - Class B fuels list

A. Hazard Data

The first section is used to input the hazard area name(s) for reference, concentration required andthe temperature.

1. Area Name: Enter the name of the specific area.

2. Fire Type: Three choices are available - Class A Fire,Class B Fire and Class C Fire. The default designconcentration is 6.25%. If Class B Fire is chosen, a formappears that lists all of the Class B fuels that have beentested by Great Lakes Chemical Corp., and the extin-guishing concentration required. Simply select the ClassB fuel being protected and click the Okay button - theappropriate concentration will be inserted into the hazarddata grid. To cancel your selection, click the close buttonto close the form; the default selections - 6.25% designconcentration and Class A Fire - will be inserted into thehazard data grid.

3. % Concentration: Enter the required concentrationhere.

4. Temperature: Enter the temperature for the area.

5. Total Volume: This field is provided for information only and may not be modified. This fieldwill indicate the total volume of the area as input into the Area Data section below.

B. Area Data

Enter the appropriate values in the Length, Width and Height fields and the program will computethe correct room volume and amount of agent required automatically. As you will note, the Widthand Height fields are both set to a default of 1. If the volume is known, enter it into the Length datafield and leave the Width and Height fields as 1. Once the data has been entered, clicking on theAdd button will assign this data to the current hazard.

C. Area Nozzle List

Each area will have one or more nozzles within it. This section is intended to model the nozzlesfor a particular area. Each nozzle has a unique ID number. These numbers are automaticallyassigned and are incremental. Two types of nozzles are included in the program: the 8 Port 360°discharge pattern (Style F) nozzle and the 8 Port 180° discharge pattern (Style G) nozzle.

D. Add and Delete Data In The Hazard Data Screen

1. Add: Once the correct values have been entered into the editing box, clicking on the Add buttonwithin that section will temporarily save the data to the screen. Another line of data may thenbe entered on the blank line created at the bottom of the grid.

2. Delete: To delete a line of data from the data file, the name of the area containing the data tobe deleted must appear in the Current Hazard box of the Hazard Data section. Click on the areaname with the mouse so that the appropriate information is reflected on the Current Hazard box.Again, the corresponding data will appear in the Area Data and Area Nozzle List sections. Movethe mouse to the appropriate field and click on the line to be deleted. Clicking on the Delete buttonwill delete this data.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.3 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data

Figure 2.4.1.3.A3 - Hazard nozzle reference box

2.4.1.3 Piping DataThe Piping Data is the heart of the system model; it’s the area where the pipe and pounds/nozzle datais recorded. Several pieces of information are required. The following is a brief description of each ofthe columns.

A. Column Headings and Descriptions

1. Nodes: These points identify the section of pipe, nozzle or a cylinder that is being modeled.

2. Start: This indicates the beginning of a pipe, manifold, or cylinder section.

3. End: This indicates the end of the same section. Ifthis line is a nozzle, clicking the button that appearsin this cell will cause a hazard nozzle reference boxto be visible. Here the user can scroll through thehazards and select the desired nozzle.

4. Cyl Qty: The quantity of cylinders flowing through thisspecific section of piping.

5. Pipe Len: Total length of pipe expressed in feet or meters, including any elevation changes.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.3.A7 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Type

6. Elev: Change of elevation within the pipe section, expressed in feet or meters.

A positive number indicates a rise in elevation. A negative number indicates a drop in elevation.A zero (0) indicates no change in elevation.

7. Type: Type of pipe to be installed. There are several types available, accessible through thepop-down, for use:

a. 40T: Schedule 40 pipe with threaded fittings.

b. 40W: Schedule 40 pipe with welded fittings.

c. 80T: Schedule 80 pipe with threaded fittings.

d. 80W: Schedule 80 pipe with welded fittings.

e. 40G: Schedule 40 pipe with grooved fittings (not FM approved).


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.3.A8 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Size

8. Size: The size of pipe in the section. By accessing the pop-down window, choices from zero(0) (no fixed pipe size) to 6" (150 mm) are available.

NOTE BOTH THE INTERNAL PIPE DIAMETER AND THE MASS OF THE PIPE ARE USED IN THE HYDRAULIC CALCULATION.IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE PIPE USED FOR INSTALLATION HAVE A DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS (WITHINTOLERANCES SPECIFIED IN ANSI AND ASTM STANDARD) USED IN THE CALCULATION. THE WEIGHT PER UNITLENGTH OF THE PIPE IS DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE INTERNAL DIAMETER AND WALL THICKNESS. THE FOLLOWINGTABLE GIVES THE NOMINAL PIPE SIZES WITH THE PIPE DIAMETER AND WEIGHT PER UNIT LENGTH USED IN THEHYDRAULIC CALCULATION.


S/N 30000034


Sch

edul

e 80

Table 2.4.1.3.A8 - Pipe Size

PipeType

Nominal Pipe Size ID(inches)

Weight(lb/ft)

ID(mm)

Weight(kg/m)inch mm

Sch

edul

e 40

1/8 6 0.269 0.24 6.83 0.36

1/4 8 0.364 0.42 9.25 0.63

3/8 10 0.493 0.57 12.52 0.85

1/2 15 0.622 0.85 15.80 1.26

3/4 20 0.824 1.13 20.93 1.68

1 25 1.049 1.68 26.64 2.50

1-1/4 32 1.380 2.27 35.05 3.38

1-1/2 40 1.610 2.72 40.89 4.05

2 50 2.067 3.65 52.50 5.43

2-1/2 65 2.469 5.79 62.71 8.62

3 80 3.068 7.58 77.93 11.28

3-1/2 90 3.548 9.11 90.12 13.56

4 100 4.026 10.79 102.26 16.06

5 125 5.047 14.62 128.19 21.76

6 150 6.065 18.97 154.05 28.23

1/8 6 0.215 0.31 5.46 0.46

1/4 8 0.302 0.54 7.67 0.80

3/8 10 0.423 0.74 10.74 1.10

1/2 15 0.546 1.09 13.87 1.62

3/4 20 0.742 1.47 18.85 2.19

1 25 0.957 2.17 24.31 3.23

1-1/4 32 1.278 3.00 32.46 4.46

1-1/2 40 1.500 3.63 38.10 5.40

2 50 1.939 5.02 49.25 7.47

2-1/2 65 2.323 7.66 59.00 11.40

3 80 2.900 10.25 73.66 15.25

3-1/2 90 3.364 12.5 85.45 18.60

4 100 3.826 14.98 97.18 22.29

5 125 4.813 20.78 122.25 30.92

6 150 5.761 28.57 146.33 42.52


S/N 30000034


FittingEquivalentNumber of

Elbows90 Deg Elbows 1.0

45 Deg Elbows 0.5

Tee Thru 0.6

Tee Side 2.0

Figure 2.4.1.3.A.9 Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Fittings

9. Fitting: 90 & 45 degree elbows and tees for installation.

a. 90's: Number of 90 degree elbows in the pipe section.When 45 degree elbows are used, they are treated asan equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.5should be included for each 45 degree elbow andincluded in the 90's field.

b. Tees: Used when a separation of agent flow is re-quired.

i. None: This is the default value. Choose this or simply press enter in this field if no teesare installed.

ii. Thru: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a thru tee. If the side branch of atee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure release, it istreated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 0.6 should be included in the90's field.

iii. Side: The beginning of the pipe section begins with a side tee. If one of the thru branchesof a tee is used to provide pressure for tripping a pressure switch or pressure release,it is treated as an equivalent number of elbows. In this case, 2.0 should be included inthe 90's field.

iv. Blow Out: Choose this option if a tee used in the pipe section is part of a blow out, i.e.,the last nozzle on a branch line.


S/N 30000034


Cylinder

Equivalent Length(Feet/Meters)

SingleCylinder

MultipleCylinders

w/check valve

Alpha (1/2" outlet) 30 ft(9.14 m) N/A

Beta (1-1/4" outlet)

60 ft(18.29 m)

60 ft(18.29 m)

Gamma (2" outlet)

51 ft(15.55 m)

64 ft(19.51 m)

Sigma (3" outlet) 61 ft.(18.59 m)

80 ft(22.56m)

10. Cplng/Union: The number of couplings or unions in the pipe section.

11. Pounds (Kgs) Req'd: The number of pounds (kilograms) required to be discharged from thisparticular nozzle, when the option Fixed Pounds is selected. If the Fixed Orifice optionis selected, the value in this field will represent the nozzle orifice drill diameter in inches.

NOTE THE ALPHA CYLINDER/VALVE ASSEMBLIES ARE CURRENTLY NOT UL & ULC LISTED. HOWEVER, THE EQUIVALENTLENGTH NOTED BELOW FOR THE ALPHA VALVE HAS BEEN DETERMINED BY UL AFTER WITNESSING TESTING.

12. Equiv Length: The equivalent length of acylinder assembly, check valve, or otherunique components that may be needed insome systems.

B. Add, Copy & Paste, Insert, and Delete

1. Add: The Add button works similarly to theAdd button on the previous screens. Oncethe data has been entered into the grid,clicking on the Add button will add a blankline to the bottom of the pipe grid so that thenext line of piping input can be entered.

2. Copy & Paste: Click the Copy button.Alternatively, you can depress the F9 key.Select any cell in the row or rows desired to be copied. If multiple rows are desired to be copiedat once, simply click on any cell in the first row to be copied and while continuing to depressthe left mouse button, highlight the remaining rows. Select a cell in the row where you want topaste the copied rows. Press the Paste button. Alternatively, you can depress the F10 key.

NOTE ONLY CONSECUTIVE ROWS CAN BE COPIED AT ONCE. THE LINES WILL BE INSERTED STARTING AT THE ROW OFTHE CELL THAT IS HIGHLIGHTED. YOU CAN PASTE THIS INFORMATION AT ANY TIME AND AS MANY TIMES ASNECESSARY WITHOUT RESELECTING THE ROWS TO BE COPIED.

3. Insert: The Insert button is used to insert a line of data into the data grid in a specific location.In order to insert a line, click on the highest line in the data grid that must be moved down. Oncethe line has been chosen, click on the Insert button and the lines in the data grid will be relocateddown one line position and a new line (identical to the selected line) will be placed into the openposition.

4. Delete: The Delete button is used to delete a line of data in the data grid. Highlight the dataline within the data grid by clicking on it with the mouse. Click on the delete button. A verificationmessage will appear to validate the request. Should you confirm the request, the data line willbe deleted and any data lines below it will be moved up to compensate for the deleted line ofdata.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.3.C Flow Calc Program - Piping Data - Fixed Pounds & Fixed Orifices

C. Fixed Weight and Fixed Orifices

It is possible to input either the pounds or kilograms required for each nozzle or the existing nozzleorifice drill diameter. The program has the flexibility to calculate an existing system model by allowingthe nozzle orifice diameter to be input as data. The combination of both weight required from onenozzle and the orifice diameter of the second nozzle is not permitted and cannot be calculated.

1. Fixed Pounds (Kgs): This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs)Required column indicate the quantity of pounds (Kgs) required to be discharged from a particularnozzle.

2. Fixed Orifices: This radio button should be on when the values in the Pounds (Kgs) Requiredcolumn indicate the actual nozzle drill diameter in inches for a particular nozzle.


S/N 30000034


2.4.1.4 Calculate and Display Results

By clicking on the Calculate and Display Results button, the data file will be passed on to the calculationprogram for processing. If the Automatic mode of calculation has been selected, no input from the userwill be required during this operation. If the Manual mode of calculation was selected, the user mustpress Return at the prompts to do so. In either situation, once the calculation process is completed,the results will be displayed on four different screens:

Calculation ResultsNozzle PerformanceHazard Concentration ResultsError Messages

A. Calculation Results

The calculation results screen depicts the cylinder information and the piping model information.

1. Conditions

a. Storage Pressure: The starting pressure just prior to the cylinder actuation.

b. Average Cylinder Pressure: The average cylinder pressure during the discharge.

c. Average Initial Pipe Temp: The average ambient pipe temperature at the beginning of thedischarge.

d. Fill Density: The fill density [lbs/ft3 (kgs/m3)] of the cylinder. For all systems, the range is35 to 70 lb/ft3 (560.7 to 1121.4 kg/m3).

e. Percent of Agent in Pipe: Based on the volume of discharge pipe. This value representswhat percentage of the total amount of FM-200 is in the piping network during the discharge.

f. Average Discharge Time: This value represents the average discharge time of all of thenozzles.

g. Cylinders: The quantity of cylinders modeled.

h. Lbs/Cyl (Kgs/Cyl): Quantity of FM-200 within each cylinder.

i. Total Lbs (Kgs) of FM-200: The total amount of FM-200 within all the cylinders.

j. Cylinder Type: The type of cylinder selected for the calculation.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.4.A Flow Calc Program - Calculation Results

2. Piping Results

a. Section Nodes: The starting and ending nodes for a particular section of the pipe model.

b. Nominal Pipe Size: The computed or inputted pipe size and schedule.

c. Length: Length of pipe within the section, including elevation changes.

d. Elev: The length of an elevation change within the section of pipe.

e. EQL: Total equivalent length of the section of pipe. This includes pipe, elbows, tees, coup-lings, unions, valves, and any additional information inputted into the equivalent length columnof the data file.

f. Start PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the beginning of the section.

g. Term PSIA (Bar): The pressure at the termination of the section.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.4.B Flow Calc Program - Nozzle Performance

h. Flow Rate: The flow rate through the pipe section.

B. Nozzle Performance

1. Nozzle ID: The identification number given to a specific nozzle.

2. Size: The selected or computed size and schedule of a nozzle.

3. Stock Number: The Chemetron Fire Systems’ stock number for the particular nozzle.

4. Style: The manufacturing designation for the particular configuration of the nozzle.

5. Drill Diameter: The specific drill diameter in inches (mm) for each of the nozzle ports.

6. Drill Size: The industry's designation for a particular drill diameter.

7. FM-200 Discharged: The quantity of FM-200 discharged through a particular nozzle.


S/N 30000034


3/8 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

48 0.0760 1.930 33 0.1130 2.8705/64 0.0781 1.984 32 0.1160 2.946

47 0.0785 1.994 31 0.1200 3.04846 0.0810 2.057 1/8 0.1250 3.17545 0.0820 2.083 30 0.1285 3.26444 0.0860 2.184 29 0.1360 3.45443 0.0890 2.261 28 0.1405 3.56942 0.0935 2.375 9/64 0.1406 3.571

3/32 0.0938 2.383 27 0.1440 3.65841 0.0960 2.438 26 0.1470 3.73440 0.0980 2.489 25 0.1495 3.79739 0.0995 2.527 24 0.1520 3.86138 0.1015 2.578 23 0.1540 3.91237 0.1040 2.642 5/32 0.1562 3.96736 0.1065 2.705 22 0.1570 3.988

7/64 0.1094 2.779 21 0.1590 4.03935 0.1100 2.794 20 0.1610 4.08934 0.1110 2.819

1/2 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

41 0.0960 2.438 23 0.1540 3.91240 0.0980 2.489 5/32 0.1562 3.96739 0.0995 2.527 22 0.1570 3.98838 0.1015 2.578 21 0.1590 4.03937 0.1040 2.642 20 0.1610 4.08936 0.1065 2.705 19 0.1660 4.216

7/64 0.1094 2.779 18 0.1695 4.30535 0.1100 2.794 11/64 0.1719 4.36634 0.1110 2.819 17 0.1730 4.39433 0.1130 2.870 16 0.1770 4.49632 0.1160 2.946 15 0.1800 4.57231 0.1200 3.048 14 0.1820 4.623

1/8 0.1250 3.175 13 0.1850 4.69930 0.1285 3.264 3/16 0.1875 4.76329 0.1360 3.454 12 0.1890 4.80128 0.1405 3.569 11 0.1910 4.851

9/64 0.1406 3.571 10 0.1935 4.91527 0.1440 3.658 9 0.1960 4.97826 0.1470 3.734 8 0.1990 5.05525 0.1495 3.797 7 0.2010 5.10524 0.1520 3.861 13/64 0.2031 5.159

8-Port Styles F and G Nozzle Drill Nos/Diameter Charts

NOTE

NOZZLE ORIFICES ARE DRILLED USING STANDARD WIRE GAUGE AND FRACTIONAL DRILLS. THE TABLES ON THISPAGE SHOW THE STANDARD DRILL SIZES AND NOMINAL DIAMETERS IN INCHES AND MILLIMETERS. IF METRIC UNITSARE CHOSEN IN THE COMPUTER PROGRAM, NOZZLE ORIFICE DIAMETERS WILL BE GIVEN IN INCHES. EVEN THOUGHTHE METRIC OPTION IS CHOSEN, THE CALCULATION WILL BE PERFORMED IN ENGLISH UNITS AND THE NOZZLESMUST BE ORDERED IN ENGLISH UNITS (INCHES).


S/N 30000034


3/4 inch 8-Port Styles F & G NozzleDRILL

#DRILL

DIAinches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

1/8 0.1250 3.175 11 0.1910 4.85130 0.1285 3.264 10 0.1935 4.91529 0.1360 3.454 9 0.1960 4.97828 0.1405 3.569 8 0.1990 5.055

9/64 0.1406 3.571 7 0.2010 5.10527 0.1440 3.658 13/64 0.2031 5.15926 0.1470 3.734 6 0.2040 5.18225 0.1495 3.797 5 0.2055 5.22024 0.1520 3.861 4 0.2090 5.30923 0.1540 3.912 3 0.2130 5.410

5/32 0.1562 3.967 7/32 0.2188 5.55822 0.1570 3.988 2 0.2210 5.61321 0.1590 4.039 1 0.2280 5.79120 0.1610 4.089 A 0.2340 5.94419 0.1660 4.216 15/64 0.2344 5.95418 0.1695 4.305 B 0.2380 6.045

11/64 0.1719 4.366 C 0.2420 6.14717 0.1730 4.394 D 0.2460 6.24816 0.1770 4.496 E 0.2500 6.35015 0.1800 4.572 F 0.2570 6.52814 0.1820 4.623 G 0.2610 6.62913 0.1850 4.699 17/64 0.2656 6.746

3/16 0.1875 4.763 H 0.2660 6.75612 0.1890 4.801

1 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

21 0.1590 4.039 A 0.2340 5.94420 0.1610 4.089 15/64 0.2344 5.95419 0.1660 4.216 B 0.2380 6.04518 0.1695 4.305 C 0.2420 6.147

11/64 0.1719 4.366 D 0.2460 6.24817 0.1730 4.394 E 0.2500 6.35016 0.1770 4.496 F 0.2570 6.52815 0.1800 4.572 G 0.2610 6.62914 0.1820 4.623 17/64 0.2656 6.74613 0.1850 4.699 H 0.2660 6.756

3/16 0.1875 4.763 I 0.2720 6.90912 0.1890 4.801 J 0.2770 7.03611 0.1910 4.851 K 0.2810 7.13710 0.1935 4.915 9/32 0.2812 7.1429 0.1960 4.978 L 0.2900 7.3668 0.1990 5.055 M 0.2950 7.4937 0.2010 5.105 19/64 0.2969 7.541

13/64 0.2031 5.159 N 0.3020 7.6716 0.2040 5.182 5/16 0.3125 7.9385 0.2055 5.220 O 0.3160 8.0264 0.2090 5.309 P 0.3230 8.2043 0.2130 5.410 21/64 0.3281 8.334

7/32 0.2188 5.558 Q 0.3320 8.4332 0.2210 5.613 R 0.3390 8.6111 0.2280 5.791


NOTE



S/N 30000034


1-1/4 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

4 0.2090 5.309 N 0.3020 7.6713 0.2130 5.410 5/16 0.3125 7.938

7/32 0.2188 5.558 O 0.3160 8.0262 0.2210 5.613 P 0.3230 8.2041 0.2280 5.791 21/64 0.3281 8.334A 0.2340 5.944 Q 0.3320 8.433

15/64 0.2344 5.954 R 0.3390 8.611B 0.2380 6.045 11/32 0.3438 8.733C 0.2420 6.147 S 0.3480 8.839D 0.2460 6.248 T 0.3580 9.093E 0.2500 6.350 23/64 0.3594 9.129F 0.2570 6.528 U 0.3680 9.347G 0.2610 6.629 3/8 0.3750 9.525

17/64 0.2656 6.746 V 0.3770 9.576H 0.2660 6.756 W 0.3860 9.804I 0.2720 6.909 25/64 0.3906 9.921J 0.2770 7.036 X 0.3970 10.084K 0.2810 7.137 Y 0.4040 10.262

9/32 0.2812 7.142 13/32 0.4062 10.317L 0.2900 7.366 Z 0.4130 10.490

M 0.2950 7.493 27/64 0.4219 10.71619/64 0.2969 7.541 7/16 0.4375 11.113

1-1/2 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL#

DRILLDIA

inches

DRILLDIAmm

D 0.2460 6.248 11/32 0.3438 8.733E 0.2500 6.350 S 0.3480 8.839F 0.2570 6.528 T 0.3580 9.093G 0.2610 6.629 23/64 0.3594 9.129

17/64 0.2656 6.746 U 0.3680 9.347H 0.2660 6.756 3/8 0.3750 9.525I 0.2720 6.909 V 0.3770 9.576J 0.2770 7.036 W 0.3860 9.804K 0.2810 7.137 25/64 0.3906 9.921

9/32 0.2812 7.142 X 0.3970 10.084L 0.2900 7.366 Y 0.4040 10.262

M 0.2950 7.493 13/32 0.4062 10.31719/64 0.2969 7.541 Z 0.4130 10.490

N 0.3020 7.671 27/64 0.4219 10.7165/16 0.3125 7.938 7/16 0.4375 11.113

O 0.3160 8.026 29/64 0.4531 11.509P 0.3230 8.204 15/32 0.4688 11.908

21/64 0.3281 8.334 31/64 0.4844 12.304Q 0.3320 8.433 1/2 0.5000 12.700R 0.3390 8.611 33/64 0.5156 13.096


NOTE



S/N 30000034


2 inch 8-Port Styles F & G Nozzle

DRILL #DRILL

DIAinches

DRILLDIAmm

DRILL #DRILL

DIAinches

DRILLDIAmm

5/16 0.3125 7.938 Z 0.4130 10.490O 0.3160 8.026 27/64 0.4219 10.716P 0.3230 8.204 7/16 0.4375 11.113

21/64 0.3281 8.334 29/64 0.4531 11.509Q 0.3320 8.433 15/32 0.4688 11.908R 0.3390 8.611 31/64 0.4844 12.304

11/32 0.3438 8.733 1/2 0.5000 12.700S 0.3480 8.839 33/64 0.5156 13.096T 0.3580 9.093 17/32 0.5312 13.492

23/64 0.3594 9.129 35/64 0.5469 13.891U 0.3680 9.347 9/16 0.5625 14.290

3/8 0.3750 9.525 37/64 0.5781 14.684V 0.3770 9.576 19/32 0.5938 15.083

W 0.3860 9.804 39/64 0.6094 15.47925/64 0.3906 9.921 5/8 0.6250 15.875

X 0.3970 10.084 41/64 0.6406 16.271Y 0.4040 10.262 21/32 0.6562 16.667

13/32 0.4062 10.317 43/64 0.6719 17.066


NOTE



S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.4.C Flow Calc Program - Hazard Concentration Results

C. Hazard Concentration Results

1. Hazard: The designation for each area inputted.

2. Room Volume: The dimensional volume of a particular hazard.

3. Pounds (Kgs) Discharged: The quantity of FM-200 that was discharged into a particular hazardarea.

4. Concentration Requested: Based on the data input, the desired concentration.

5. Concentration Achieved: Based on the results of the calculation, the concentration that wasachieved.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.4.D Flow Calc Program - Error Messages

D. Error Messages

This screen will display various piping model input errors and/or system calculation errors. Thefollowing is a list of system design errors that may appear.

1. ERROR--CYLINDER FILL DENSITY IS GREATER THAN 70 (1121.4 KG/M3).

2. ERROR--CYLINDER FILL DENSITY IS LESS THAN 35 (560.7 KG/M3).

3. ERROR--MORE THAN 299 PIPE SECTIONS.

4. ERROR--DATA INPUT FILE IS INCOMPLETE.

5. FIXED PIPE SIZE IN NOZZLE SECTION ## - ##. NOZZLE SECTION MAY NOT BE GREATERTHAN 2 INCH (50 MM) PIPE.

6. PIPE DATA SECTIONS ARE OUT OF ORDER -- CORRECT INPUT FILE.


S/N 30000034


7. ERROR--PIPE SCHEDULE CODE IN SEC ## - ## IS OUTSIDE ACCEPTABLE RANGE. PIPEDATA CODE IS GIVEN AS ###. CHECK INPUT DATA FILE COLUMN 5(E).

8. ERROR--PIPE DIAMETER CODE MUST BE >0 AND <=15 IN SEC ## - ##. PIPE DIAMETERCODE FOR THIS SECTION IS ###. DATA FILE IS CORRUPTED.

9. ERROR--IF NOZZLE CODE IS SPECIFIED ALL PIPE SIZES MUST BE SPECIFIED.

10. PIPE SECTION ## - ## HAS MORE THAN ONE TEE.

11. SECTION ## - ## HAS MORE THAN ONE SUPPLY CONNECTION.

12. SECTION ## - ## HAS NO SUPPLY CONNECTION.

13. SEC ## - ## SHOWS TEE WITH NO MATCHING BRANCH.

14. SEC ## - ## AND SEC ## - ## SHOW BRANCHING WITHOUT PROPER TEES.

15. SEC ## - ## AND SEC ## - ## DO NOT HAVE ENOUGH TEES SPECIFIED.

16. ERROR--SEC ## - ## HAS MORE THAN TWO OUTLETS.

17. ERROR--FILL DENSITY F = ###. F NOW AT 2410.

18. ERROR IN DENSITY FILE READ.

19. ERROR IN SPECIFIC FLOW RATE FILE READ.

20. ERROR--MANIFOLD SECTION MAY NOT FEED NOZZLE BRANCH DIRECTLY.

21. PRESSURE DROPS BELOW 59 PSI (4.1 BAR) IN SEC ## - ## (Fatal error during iterativecalculating process -- not a system limit. System limit is 125 PSIA minimum nozzle pressure.)

22. PERCENT IN PIPE CALCULATED AS ###. CHECK FOR FIXED PIPE SIZES, EXTREMEPIPE LENGTHS.

23. ####### ITERATIONS COMPLETED. NOZZLE PRESSURES AND FLOW RATES DO NOTCONVERGE. ALL PIPE SIZES LEADING TO NOZZLE ### ARE MAXIMUM.

24. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## EXCEEDS FM LIMIT OF 90% OF AVERAGECYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO CLOSE TO CYLINDER MANIFOLD OR PIPELEADING TO TEE IS TOO LARGE (for systems using Style G nozzles or a combination of StyleF & G nozzles).

25. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## EXCEEDS UL LIMIT OF 91% AND FM LIMITOF 90% OF AVERAGE CYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO CLOSE TO CYLINDERMANIFOLD OR PIPE LEADING TO TEE IS TOO LARGE (for systems using only Style F nozzles;no Style G nozzles).


S/N 30000034


26. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## IS LESS THAN FM LIMIT OF 67.5% OF AVERAGECYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO FAR FROM CYLINDER MANIFOLD.REDESIGN TO REDUCE PRESSURE DROP FROM MANIFOLD TO TEE INLET (for systemsusing Style G nozzles or a combination of Style F & Style G nozzles).

27. PRESSURE ENTERING TEE SEC ## TO ## IS LESS THAN UL LIMIT OF 63% AND FM LIMITOF 67.5% OF AVERAGE CYLINDER PRESSURE. TEE BRANCH IS TOO FAR FROMCYLINDER MANIFOLD. REDESIGN TO REDUCE PRESSURE DROP FROM MANIFOLDTO TEE INLET (for systems using only Style F nozzles; no Style G nozzles).

28. SEC ## TO ## BULLHEAD TEE MINOR FLOW BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT OF FLOW.MINIMUM BRANCH FLOW FROM BULLHEAD TEE IS 30 PERCENT.

29. SIDE OUTLET TEE BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT FLOW. MAXIMUM SIDE OUTLETBRANCH FLOW IS 35 PERCENT.

30. SEC ## TO ## SIDE OUTLET TEE BRANCH CARRIES ## PERCENT OF FLOW. MAXIMUMSIDE OUTLET BRANCH FLOW IS 10 PERCENT.

31. NOZZLE ## AREA EQUALS ## % FEED PIPE AREA (LIMIT 1/4 NPT=75%).

32. NOZZLE ## AREA EQUALS ## % FEED PIPE AREA (LIMIT 85%).

33. NOZZLE ## DISCHARGES ## % OF MAXIMUM FEED PIPE FLOW WHICH IS ABOVEMAXIMUM OF 65%.

34. NOZZLE PRESSURE FOR ### IS BELOW 125 PSIA (7.60 BAR).

35. MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE IN LIQUID ARRIVAL TIME IS ## (LIMIT IS 1 SECOND.)

36. MAXIMUM DIFFERENCE IN LIQUID RUN-OUT TIME IS ## (LIMIT IS 2 SECONDS.)

37. DISCHARGE TIME IS OUTSIDE LISTED AND APPROVED RANGE OF 5 TO 10 SECONDS.

38. PERCENT AGENT IN PIPE IS ###. THIS IS OVER MAXIMUM OF 75 PERCENT PERMITTED.

39. PERCENT AGENT IN PIPE IS ##.##%. THIS MEETS UL & ULC LISTING CRITERIA OF 75%OR LESS BUT EXCEEDS FM APPROVAL LIMIT OF 70%.

40. FLOW RATE IN SEC ## - ## IS LESS THAN ##.# MINIMUM REQUIRED FOR PIPE SIZE.

41. LARGEST PERMITTED NOZZLE SECTION IS 2 INCH (50 MM). SECTION ## - ## ISLARGER THAN 2 INCH (50 MM).

42. FIXED ORIFICE SYSTEM FAILS TO CONVERGE WITHIN ±3.5%. CONVERGENCE WASWITHIN ± ### PERCENT. SYSTEM MUST BE REDESIGNED OR INSTALLATION MUST BESUBJECT TO A FULL DISCHARGE TEST TO PROVE PROPER AGENT CONCENTRATIONAND DISTRIBUTION.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.5 Flow Calc Program - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results

2.4.1.5 Print Data and Results or Print Output Results

This screen will allow the user to send both the results of the calculation and/or the input data used forthe calculation to either a selected printer or to an ASCII file on a disk drive.

A. Items to Print

1. Input Data Listing: When this option is selected, clicking on the adjacent option box will outputthe data file.

2. Calculation Results: The selection of this option will output the results of the calculation.

3. BOM: The mechanical FM-200 system Bill of Material, including pipe and pipe fittings. Oncethe BOM has been printed, the system must be recalculated before printing the BOM again.

B. Output Units

1. U.S. Standard: This option will output the required information with standard English units.

2. Metric: This selection will produce a metric unit output.

NOTE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE OUTPUT IN THE SAME UNITS OF MEASUREMENT AS THAT SELECTED FOR THE DATAINPUT. THE UNITS USED TO CREATE THE INPUT DATA FILE WILL BE DESIGNATED AS "(CURRENT)" AFTER THEAPPROPRIATE UNITS. IF METRIC OUTPUT UNITS ARE DESIRED, CHECK THE METRIC CHECKBOX, RECALCULATEAND THEN PRINT - OR VICE VERSA.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.5.C Flow Calc Program - Configure Printer

C. Configure Printer

There are numerous types of printers on the market and the program is designed to incorporate awide range of printers. It is advisable to click on Configure Printer to verify the current WindowsTM

selected printer.

D. Printer Font

There are virtually hundreds of fonts available in the industry today. Even though the program willaccept and use a number of them, the suggested font is ARIAL. This font is commonly found withinthe WindowsTM list of available fonts. However, there are a number of acceptable fonts and byselecting and trying these fonts, based on the numerous styles and types of printers, Chemetroncannot assure you of satisfactory results. The printout uses various configurations and sizes toproduce its hard copy printout.

E. Print To File

Should this option be selected, the data requested will be sent to a file on the selected disk drive.The user will be asked to verify the drive, path, and filename prior to the data being written to thefile. The outputted data will be in Standard ASCII format and may be imported into various programsfor incorporation into drawings, manuals, etc.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.1.5.D Flow Calc Program - Printer Font Selection

F. Print

Clicking on this command will start the printing or writing of the selected data.

2.4.1.6 Clear All Current Data

When this command is executed the current data file will be cleared from all fields to allow for entry ofnew data. If the current data file has modifications that have not been saved, the program will promptfor verification prior to executing the command.

2.4.2 OutputThis area will allow the user to export either the data file or calculation results.

2.4.2.1 Print Data and Results

Refer to Section 2.4.1.5.

2.4.3 File UtilitiesThis is the data file maintenance section of the program.


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.3.1 Flow Calc Program - Load an existing data file

2.4.3.1 Load

An existing data file, stored on a disk drive, may be loaded into the program for modifications or recal-culation.

2.4.3.2 Save

The current data file may be saved to a disk drive for historical information.

2.4.3.3 Delete

A data file may be erased from a disk drive. However, please note that once the data file has beendeleted, it cannot be retrieved.

2.4.4 ExitThe exit button will unload the program and return you to the previous WindowsTM system screen.

2.4.5 Vol/Lbs/% Calc (Vol/Kgs/% Calc)This calculator may be used anywhere within the data input or calculation results screens, whereverthe command button is visible. The required input is:

A. Temperature: [Defaults at 70°F (21.1°C)]

B. Altitude: (Defaults at 0 feet, sea level)

In addition, two of the remaining three fields must be inputted and the third will be solved. The remainingthree fields are:


S/N 30000034


Figure 2.4.5 Flow Calc Program -Volume/Weight/Concentration Calculator

C. Volume

D. Weight

E. Concentration

For example, if the quantity of agent and the volume areknown, the concentration may be computed. If the volumeand the concentration are known, the amount of FM-200can be computed. Should the concentration and theamount of FM-200 be known, the calculator will determinethe volume in which these parameters will fit.

2.4.6 Check PointsAlthough the computer can provide complete flowcalculations, it cannot exercise the human judgement required to decide if the results are satisfactory.Obviously, items such as actual pipe length, equivalent lengths, elevation changes, and the types oftee junctions must be checked against the piping layout drawing and the actual installation.

2.5 Two-Phase HydraulicsThe two-phase flow equation, which is used for calculating pressure drop in FM-200 and Carbon Dioxidefire extinguishing systems, is a statement of the basic laws of energy conservation. The equation is ina form particularly suited to calculating flow in systems where the density of the flowing media is constantlychanging. Dr. James Hesson is credited with developing the two-phase flow equation.

2.5.1 Two-Phase Flow EquationThe two-phase flow equation can be derived from the fundamental equation of hydrodynamics knownas Bernoulli’s equation. The following is a qualitative statement of the flow equation:

(1)

Normally, the change in elevation head is zero, so it can be dropped from the above equation. Whena change in elevation is present in a system, the resultant loss or gain in pressure can be calculatedseparately from the basic two-phase flow equation. The basic flow equation is as follows:

(2)


S/N 30000034


2.5.1.1 Pressure - Density

It should be apparent that a proper relationship between the pipeline pressure and density needs to beestablished in order to use the two-phase flow equation. If one can assume that the heat pick-up fromthe pipeline is negligible during the agent discharge, a pressure-density relationship can be establishedrather easily fromt he basic thermodynamic properties of the agent. In the case of carbon dioxide, thecalculation is very straight forward. The calculation of the pipeline pressure-density relationship for nitrogensuperpressurized FM-200 is a bit more complicated due to the fact that the nitrogen does dissolve inthe FM-200.

2.5.1.2 Velocity Head

Although the flow equation contains a term that accounts for changes in velocity head due to changingdensity, it will not compensate for velocity head changes that are encountered when the flow density(lbs./sec./sq.in. of pipe area) changes. Such velocity head changes are encountered when there is achange in pipe size or a change in flow rate due to a junction in the pipeline. The following expressiongives the velocity head energy in PSI:

(3)

2.5.1.3 Maximum Flow Rates

In paragraph 2.5.1 we saw that the flow equation is a statement of balance between pressure, velocityand friction head. At the end of a pipeline, no more equivalent length need be overcome, and ideally,the friction head term in equations (1) and (2) should become equal to zero. Therefore, the conditionat the end of the pipeline is one in that any change in pressure head is converted to velocity head. Themaximum flow rate at the end of a pipeline under a given set of pressure-density conditions can becalculated by setting the velocity head term equal to the pressure head term in equation (1) or (2) andsolving for the flow rate. The calculated maximum pipeline specific flow rates plotted in Figure 1.4.1 ofthis manual are based on such consideration. The densities used for this calculation correspond to theaverage pipeline densities with a factor added to compensate for velocity effects.

2.5.1.4 Orifice Flow Rate

The subject of orifice flow has been the topic of many books, papers, and dissertations. Although theorifice is an extremely important part of many systems, it is one of the least understood system com-ponents. Until recently, orifices used in two-phase systems were rated by means of testing with waterfor equivalent area. As the science of predicting the flow of two-phase media in pipelines became moreadvanced, the rating of orifices with water for FM-200 systems was found to have major shortcomings.The method of rating orifices of FM-200 systems described in Section 1.4.2 is intended to replace thetraditional water rating of nozzles. Simply stated, the basis for this method is the postulate that any orificeor nozzle that is placed at the end of a pipe will necessarily restrict the flow rate less than that whichwould issue from the pipe if the orifice or nozzle were not present. Nozzles are rated in terms of thefraction, in percent, of the theoretical maximum open-end pipeline flow rate that they permit. The flowrate from a nozzle can be predicted from the following equation:

(4)


S/N 30000034


Where: QNozzle = flow rate with the nozzle in place in lbs./sec.Code = nozzle rated in percent of maximum feed pipe flowAPipe = the inside cross sectional area of the feed pipe in square inchesRPSI = the theoretical maximum pipeline specific flow rate in lbs./sec./sq.in. for the cal-

culated pressure-density condition at the total terminal pressure (PSI). The totalterminal pressure (PSI) is the sum of the static pressure form equation (2) andthe velocity head pressure calculated from equation (3).

The total terminal pressure must be used since it is the measure of energy available to drive the flowingmedia from the orifice(s). (See Sections 1.4.1 and 1.4.2).

APPENDIX


S/N 30000034


This appendix documents six calculation examples. Examples 1 & 6 utilize a Beta cylinder andExamples 2, 3, 4, & 5 utilize Gamma cylinders. Example 6 was calculated using Metric unitsof measure. Preceding each program example are the initial data acquisition worksheets.

APPENDIX - EXAMPLE #1


S/N 30000034


FM-200 Surface Fire Requirements

QtyUsed

CylinderSize

Minimum FillLbs (Kgs)

Maximum FillLbs (Kgs)

QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)

Concentration Required: 6.25 % PAGE 1

PROJECT: Manual Example #1 DATE: 1/1/04

HAZARD: Room ENGR. MR

VOLUME

13.5' L x 13.5' W = 182.25 Sq Ft x 10' H = 1822.5 Cu Ft

L x W = Sq Ft x H = Cu Ft


Total = 182.25 Sq Ft 1822.5 Cu Ft

FM-200 REQUIRED (REFER TO TABLES BELOW AND/OR THE EQUATION AS NOTED ON PAGE 2)

1822.5 Cu Ft x .0302 (concentration factor) = 55.04 Lbs

55.04 Lbs x 1 (altitude correction factor) = 55.04 Lbs

Total Pounds Required = 56

STORAGE REQUIRED

56 Lbs Req’d / 1 # of Cylinders = 56 Lbs/Cylinder

1 Cylinders Main & 0 Cylinders Reserve



S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)

FM-200 (HFC-227ea) Total Flooding QuantityUS Standard (Metric)

FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes

FM-200 Weight Requirements of HazardVolume

FM-200 Concentration (C) [% by volume]

6.25% 7.00% 8%

°F °C ft3/lb m3/kg lb/ft3 kg/m3 lb/ft3 kg/m3 lb/ft3 kg/m3

10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102

Elevation Correction Factors

Altitude EnclosurePressure Correction

FactorFt Km PSIA cm Hg

-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66

NOTE: Multiply the correction factor by thesea level design quantity of FM-200 toobtain the correct quantity for a given alti-tude.




S/N 30000034


Isometric Drawing for the system flow calculation detailed in Example 1.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 1 Refer to Section 2.4.1.1 - System Information.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 2 Refer to Section 2.4.1.2 - Hazard Data.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. At the completion and verification ofthe inputted data, the current data should be saved (refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready toCalculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 - Calculate and Display Results). The next 5 screens illustratethe results of the calculation.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 4 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.A - Calculation Results.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 5 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.B - Nozzle Performance.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 6 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.C - Hazard Concentration Results.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 7 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.D - Error Messages.

EXAMPLE #1 - Figure 8 Refer to Section 2.4.1.5 - Print Data and Results or Print Output Results.



S/N 30000034



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

25.0' L x 23.1' W = 577.5 Sq Ft x 10' H = 5775 Cu Ft



Total = 577.5 Sq Ft 5775 Cu Ft


5775 Cu Ft x .0302 (concentration factor) = 174.41 Lbs



STORAGE REQUIRED





S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)


FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes



6.25% 7.00% 8%


10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102




-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000034





S/N 30000034



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

L x W = Sq Ft x H = 20590 Cu Ft



Total = Sq Ft 20590 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED





S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)


FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes



6.25% 7.00% 8%


10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102




-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000034





S/N 30000034



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

24' L x 24' W = 576 Sq Ft x 10' H = 5760 Cu Ft

24' L x 24' W = 576 Sq Ft x 1' H = 576 Cu Ft


Total = 1152 Sq Ft 6336 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED





S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)


FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes



6.25% 7.00% 8%


10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102




-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000034





S/N 30000034



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)



HAZARD: Rooms ENGR. RM

VOLUME

9' L x 16' W = 144 Sq Ft x 10' H = 1440 Cu Ft

16' L x 20' W = 320 Sq Ft x 10' H = 3200 Cu Ft

18' L x 20' W = 360 Sq Ft x 10' H = 3600 Cu Ft

9' L x 20' W = 180 Sq Ft x 10' H = 1800 Cu Ft

Total = 980 Sq Ft 10040 Cu Ft





STORAGE REQUIRED





S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)


FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes



6.25% 7.00% 8%


10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102




-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000034


Iso

met

ric

Dra

win

g fo

r th

e sy

stem

flo

w c

alcu

lati

on

det

aile

d in

Exa

mp

le 5

.



S/N 30000034






S/N 30000034



QtyUsed

CylinderSize



QtyUsed

CylinderType



ALPHA BETA

10 Lb 6 (2.7) 12 (5.4) 40 Lb 21 (9.5) 41 (18.6)

20 Lb 12 (5.4) 23 (10.4) 55 Lb 28 (12.7) 55 (24.9)

GAMMA 95 Lb 48 (21.8) 96 (43.5)

150 Lb 82 (37.2) 163 (73.9) SIGMA

250 Lb 138 (62.6) 274 (124.3) 600 Lb 304 (137.9) 607 (275.3)

400 Lb 211 (95.7) 421 (191.0) 750 Lb 455 (206.4) 910 (412.8)

500 Lb 282 (127.9) 500 (226.8) 1000 Lb 620 (281.2) 1,000 (562.0)




VOLUME

4.1 M L x 4.1 M W = 16.81 Sq M x 3.1 M H = 52.11 Cu M

L x W = Sq M x H = Cu M

L x W = Sq M x H = Cu M

Total = 16.81 Sq M 52.11 Cu M


52.11 Cu M x .4856 (concentration factor) = 25.30 Kgs

25.30 Kgs x 1 (altitude correction factor) = 25.30 Kgs

Total Kilograms Required = 26

STORAGE REQUIRED

26 Kgs Req’d / 1 # of Cylinders = 26 Kgs/Cylinder




S/N 30000034



Tem

pera

ture

(t)


FM-200SpecificVapor

Volumes



6.25% 7.00% 8%


10 -10.0 1.9264 0.1215 0.0346 0.5487 0.0391 0.6196 0.0451 0.7158

20 -5.0 1.9736 0.1241 0.0338 0.5372 0.0381 0.6064 0.0441 0.7005

30 0 2.0210 0.1268 0.0330 0.5258 0.0372 0.5936 0.0430 0.6858

40 5.0 2.0678 0.1294 0.0322 0.5152 0.0364 0.5816 0.0421 0.6719

50 10.0 2.1146 0.1320 0.0315 0.5051 0.0356 0.5700 0.0411 0.6585

60 15.0 2.1612 0.1347 0.0308 0.4949 0.0348 0.5589 0.0402 0.6457

70 20.0 2.2075 0.1373 0.0302 0.4856 0.0341 0.5483 0.0394 0.6335

80 25.0 2.2538 0.1399 0.0296 0.4765 0.0334 0.5382 0.0386 0.6217

90 30.0 2.2994 0.1425 0.0290 0.4678 0.0327 0.5284 0.0378 0.6104

100 35.0 2.3452 0.1450 0.0284 0.4598 0.0321 0.5190 0.0371 0.5996

110 40.0 2.3912 0.1476 0.0279 0.4517 0.0315 0.5099 0.0364 0.5891

120 45.0 2.4366 0.1502 0.0274 0.4439 0.0309 0.5012 0.0357 0.5790

130 50.0 2.4820 0.1527 0.0269 0.4367 0.0303 0.4929 0.0350 0.5694

140 55.0 2.5272 0.1553 0.0264 0.4293 0.0298 0.4847 0.0344 0.5600

150 60.0 2.5727 0.1578 0.0259 0.4225 0.0293 0.4770 0.0338 0.5510

160 65.0 2.6171 0.1604 0.0255 0.4156 0.0288 0.4694 0.0332 0.5423

170 70.0 2.6624 0.1629 0.0250 0.4092 0.0283 0.4261 0.0327 0.5338

180 75.0 2.7071 0.1654 0.0246 0.4031 0.0278 0.4550 0.0321 0.5257

190 80.0 2.7518 0.1679 0.0242 0.3971 0.0274 0.4482 0.0316 0.5178

200 85.0 2.7954 0.1704 0.0238 0.3912 0.0269 0.4416 0.0311 0.5102




-3,000 -0.92 16.25 84.0 1.11

-2,000 -0.61 15.71 81.2 1.07

-1,000 -0.30 15.23 78.7 1.04

0 0 14.71 76.0 1.00

1,000 0.30 14.18 73.3 0.96

2,000 0.61 13.64 70.5 0.93

3,000 0.92 13.12 67.8 0.89

4,000 1.22 12.58 65.0 0.86

5,000 1.52 12.04 62.2 0.82

6,000 1.83 11.53 59.6 0.78

7,000 2.13 11.03 59.6 0.75

8,000 2.44 10.64 55.0 0.72

9,000 2.74 10.22 52.8 0.69

10,000 3.05 9.77 50.5 0.66





S/N 30000034





S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 1 Refer to Section 2.4.1.1 - System Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 2 Refer to Section 2.4.1.2 - Hazard Data. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 3 Refer to Section 2.4.1.3 - Piping Information. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS. At the completion and verification of the inputted data, the current data should be saved(refer to Section 2.4.3.2 - Save). The data is then ready to Calculate and Display (refer to Section 2.4.1.4 -Calculate and Display Results). The next 5 screens illustrate the results of the calculation.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 4 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.A - Calculation Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.



S/N 30000034


EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 5 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.B - Nozzle Performance. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN ARE METRIC

DESIGNATIONS.

EXAMPLE #6 - Figure 6 Refer to Section 2.4.1.4.C - Hazard Concentration Results. UNITS OF MEASURE SHOWN

ARE METRIC DESIGNATIONS.

These instructions do not purport to cover all the details or variations in theequipment described, nor do they provide for every possible contingency to bemet in connection with design, installation, operation and maintenance. Allspecifications subject to change without notice. Should further information bedesired or should particular problems arise that are not covered sufficiently forthe purchaser’s purposes, the matter should be referred to CHEMETRON FIRESYSTEMS, Matteson, IL.

S/N 30000034 5/26/2006 Rev. K ©2006 Chemetron Fire SystemsPrinted in USA

Chemetron Fire Systems and Cardox are registered trademarks of Chemetron Fire Systems.FM-200 is a registered trademark of Chemtura, Inc.

manual - fm 200 flow calc

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